高中英语北师大版版选修8教学案Unit 23 Section Ⅷ Grammar含答案.docx

1、高中英语北师大版版选修8教学案Unit 23 Section Grammar含答案2019-2020年高中英语北师大版版选修8教学案：Unit 23 Section Grammar(含答案) 语法图解 探究发现Seldom has drumming causedsuch conflict.Had they known their neighbour was a drummer, they wouldnt have moved into the building.Neither could they relaxnor read a book without plugging their ears

2、.It was only after careful considerationthat we gave Yang Ming a warning.No sooner had they moved in than the noise began and rare did they geta full nights sleep.我的发现(1)句是否定词置于句首，引起的部分倒装。(2)句是省略“If”将“had”提前，还原句为：If they had known .(3)句是it用于强调结构中。一、倒装倒装是将语句中的主语、谓语、宾语、状语等颠倒顺序的一种语法现象，常常具有强调语气，在英语中比较常见

3、，也是高考中常考的一种语法。根据倒装的结构可以分为完全倒装和部分倒装。(一)完全倒装1there be句型属于完全倒装结构，该句型中be可换为appear, lie, live, stand, remain, exist等表示存在意义的动词。There isa bench under the big tree.那棵大树下有一个长凳。It is said that there liveda god called Lv Dongbin in ancient time.据说古代有一位神仙叫吕洞宾。2here, there等方位副词及now, then等时间副词位于句首，句子的谓语动词为come, g

4、o, leave, run等表示动作趋向或状态(be)的动词，且句子的主语不是代词时，句子完全倒装。Here is the book you want.你要的书在这儿。Now comes your turn.现在该你了。3in, out, away, up, down, off等表示趋向的副词位于句首，且句子的谓语动词为go, fly, rush, run等表示动作的动词，且句子主语是名词时，句子完全倒装。Away flew the bird.鸟飞走了。Down wentthe boat.船沉了。4表示置于句首时，句子要完全倒装。其结构为“表语系动词主语”。Present at the mee

5、ting wereexperts on AIDS.出席会议的是艾滋病方面的专家。Among the goods areChristmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.这些东西里有圣诞树、花、蜡烛和玩具。 5分词短语置于句首时，句子要完全倒装。Seated in the front arethe guests.坐在前面的是客人。Lying on the floor is a boy named Tom.躺在地上的是一个叫汤姆的男孩。名师点津完全倒装的句子中，谓语通常是不及物动词或be动词，时态为一般现在时和一般过去时，且主语为名词，不能为代词。即时演练1(1

6、)完成句子In front of the teaching building stands_the_national_flag_pole.教学楼前耸立着国旗杆。There lived_a_cruel_king in the castle.那座城堡里住着一位残忍的国王。In_came the chairman and the meeting began.主席进来，会议开始了。Gone are_the_days when seven or eight countries would come together to determine the direction of global markets

7、.七八个国家聚在一起决定市场走向的时代已经过去了。(2)单句改错Beyond the river live an old fisherman.livelivesSuch is the facts, no one can deny them.isare(二)部分倒装1never, seldom, by no means, not until, rarely, hardly, at no time, scarcely, little, in no way 等表示否定或半否定的词置于句首时，句子要部分倒装。Nowhere will you find the answer to this questi

8、on.无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.母亲直到孩子睡着才离开房间。2only状语(副词/介词短语/状语从句)在句首构成部分倒装。Only in this way can you learnEnglish well.只有这样，你才能学好英语。Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.叫了三次，他才来参加会议。名师点津(1)如果only后面不是状语，则不用倒装。(2)如果only后面是状语从

9、句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。Only Tom can come upwith a good idea to persuade her to change her mind.只有汤姆才能想出好办法来说服她改变主意。Only when he isseriously ill does he ever stay in bed.病得很重时，他才卧床休息。3so/such . that .结构中的so或such位于句首时，主句用部分倒装强调so/such和that之间的部分。So hotwas the weatherthat we couldnt go to sleep.天这么热，我们都无法入睡。4so,

10、 nor, neither置于句首，表示前面提到的情况也适用于后者，后面的句子用部分倒装结构。Mary has learned by heart 200 words, and so have I.玛丽已经记住了200个单词，我也一样。I never play PC games; nor/neither do they.我从不玩电脑游戏，他们也不。名师点津(1)若两个动词的形式不一样，即表示两种不同情况时，则用so it is with .或it is the same with .。Jane is a good student and works hard.So it is with Tom.

11、/It is the same with Tom.简是个好学生并且学习刻苦。汤姆也是。(2)当so表示“确实，正是”，是对前句内容的肯定和附和时，用正常语序。The students work very hard.So they do.学生们学习很努力。他们确实是这样。5在not only . but (also), no sooner . than, hardly/scarcely . when中， not only, no sooner, hardly, scarcely置于句首时，其后的句子要倒装，但but (also), than, when后的句子不倒装。Hardly had he

12、arrived when it began to snow.他刚到，天就下起雪来。Not onlydid herefuse the gift, but he also severely criticized the sender.他不但拒绝接受礼物，而且还严厉地批评了送礼者。6as引导让步状语从句时，从句须倒装； though引导让步状语从句时，从句可倒装。Tired as/though he was, he sat up late.尽管他很疲倦，但他很晚才睡。7在省略了引导词if的虚拟条件句中，当从句谓语为were, had, should时要将它们置于句首，从句用部分倒装结构。Were I

13、in your position, I would not go.我要是碰到你那样的情况，我是不会去的。名师点津部分倒装巧记口诀only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装；否定意义副连词，位于句首须倒装；表示前置主语长，平衡结构常倒装；so和such置句首，此时主句要倒装； not only开头句，前一分句须倒装；had, were, should虚拟句，省略if半倒装。即时演练2(1)完成句子(2016江苏高考改编)Not until recently did_they_encourage_the_development of tourist related activities in the ru

14、ral areas.直到近来他们才鼓励农村地区旅游相关活动的发展。(2015湖南高考改编)Only after talking to two students did_I_discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.只有与这两个学生谈话之后我才意识到有着强大的动力是达到目标的关键因素之一。(2014陕西高考改编)No sooner had_Mo_Yan_stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunder

15、ous applause.莫言一登上舞台，观众就报以雷鸣般的掌声。(2014大纲版全国卷改编)Not_only_do_the_nurses_want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.护士们不仅想涨工资，而且还想减少工作时间。(2)把下列句子转换为倒装句He spoke so loudly that even people in the next room could hear him.So_loudly_did_he_speak that even people in the next room could hear him.Al

16、though he is busy, he wont miss the football game.Busy_as/though_he_is,_he wont miss the football game.If it should rain, the crops would grow better.Should_it_rain,_the crops would grow better.I have never heard such a thing in my life.Never in my life have_I_heard such a thing.二、强调句型(分裂句“It”)(一)强调

17、句型的基本结构I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.我昨天在火车站遇见了李明。强调主语：It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.强调宾语：It was Li Mingthat I met at the railway station yesterday.强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met

18、 Li Ming at the railway station.(二)强调句型的特殊结构1一般疑问式：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其他？Was it in Zhejiang that Tu Youyou was born?屠呦呦是在浙江出生的吗？2特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词is/was it that其他？When is it that they will leave for Beijing?他们什么时候动身去北京？3not until .强调句式：It is/was not until . that其他。It was not until midnight thatthey rea

19、ched the camp site.直到午夜他们才到达宿营地。名师点津(1)“删减法”判断强调句。把“It is/was”和“that”删去后，可重新排列一下句子，如果句子结构完整，句意通顺，就是强调句，否则就不是强调句。It is Tom that often helps me with my English.(强调句)It isstrange that he did not come at all.(it作形式主语的主语从句)(2)It is/was .that .结构不能强调谓语，如需强调谓语，需用助动词do, does或did。He did write to you last wee

20、k.上周他的确给你写信了。即时演练3(1)单句改错(2016天津高考改编)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel where the coach picks up tourists.wherethat(2015湖南高考改编)It was when we were returning home where I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.wherethat(2015重庆高考改编)Bach died in 1750, but

21、 it was not until the early 19th century when his musical gift was fully recognized.whenthat(2)对下列句子中的加黑部分进行强调Where did you meet your old friend yesterday?Where_was_it_that you met your old friend yesterday?Did he go to Beijing ten years ago?Was_it_ten_years_ago_that he went to Beijing?I came late b

22、ecause I was caught in the traffic.It_was_because_I_was_caught_in_the_traffic_that I came late.I met Tom in the street yesterday.It_was_Tom_that/who I met in the street yesterday. Regular radio broadcasts didnt begin until 1920.It_was_not_until_1920_that regular radio broadcasts began. .单句语法填空1South

23、 of the river lies (lie) a small factory.2We laugh at jokes, but seldom do we think about how they work.3It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.4Its not what we do once in a while that shapes our lives, but what we do consisten

24、tly. 5So sudden was (be) the attack that the enemy had no time to escape. 6For a moment nothing happened. Then came (come) voices all shouting together. 7The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor will he even give it a thought.8It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed t

25、he Atlantic that Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.句型转换1I had no sooner got home than it began to rain heavily.(变为同义句)No_sooner_had_I got home than it began to rain heavily.2If you had taken my advice, you wouldnt have failed in the examination.(变为同义句)Had_you_taken my advice, you wouldnt have faile

26、d in the examination.3Where did you meet your old friend yesterday？(变为强调句)Where_was_it_that you met your old friend yesterday?4A person seldom lives to be a hundred years old.(变为倒装句)Seldom_does a person live to be a hundred years old.5I didnt realize the importance of learning English well until I w

27、ent to America.(强调状语)It_was_not_until I went to America that I realized the importance of learning English well.6He makes a living by painting.(强调谓语)He does_make a living by painting.单元语法项目(二)表达完成的动词形式 语法图解 探究发现Why havent you been in touch? What haveyou been doing during the holidays?I expect you ha

28、vebeen workinghard for your exams!At least by the time I get back I will have read that awfully boring book .Anyway, having walked all the way to the top, we were tired and stopped .Well, he had been standing there for a minute or so when there was a noise.It must have been an instinctive reaction b

29、ut it saved my life.The boy pretended to have known it. 我的发现(1)以上句子分别使用了不同的时态或非谓语动词形式来表达完成的概念。(2)根据以上例句，表示“完成”的动词形式有：现在完成时态(句)，现在完成进行时态(句、句)，过去完成进行时态(句)，将来完成时态(句)，不定式的完成式(句)，动词ing形式的完成式(句)，含有情态动词的完成时态(句)。一、表达完成的谓语动词的形式和含义形式含义have done (现在完成时)表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响或造成的结果，还可表示动作从过去某一时间开始，持续到现在，还有可能持续下去have b

30、een doing (现在完成进行时)表示某一动作延续到现在并有可能持续下去，表示某一动作的延续性、重复性，或表示某种感情色彩had done (过去完成时)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生的动作或存在的状态had been doing (过去完成进行时)表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间will have done (将来完成时)表示在将来某一时间点或某一动作之前完成的动作He has seen the film Avatar twice.他已经看了两遍电影阿凡达。Ann is very tired. Shehas been working hard.安很累，她一

31、直努力工作。The playhadalready started when we got to the theatre.我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。They will have been married for 20 years by then.到那时他们将已婚20年了。名师点津(1)现在完成进行时是完成时和进行时的结合，它具备未完成性或特定的感情色彩。He has been sleeping all the afternoon.他已睡了一下午了。(表示“抱怨”，有感情色彩)(2)过去完成时必须以过去某一时刻为起点，即“过去的过去”，因此只有在和过去的某个动作相比较时才能用到。Beautiful Voice had pre