1、人教版七年级英语上册Units 34语法归纳学案人教版七年级英语上册Units 3-4的语法归纳一、学习目标掌握Units 3-4的语法内容。二、重点、难点1. 含有be动词的肯定句、否定句及疑问句2. 指示代词的用法3. 名词性物主代词的用法4. 人称代词的宾格5. where引导的特殊疑问句6. 方位介词under, in, on的用法一、含有be动词的肯定句、否定句及疑问句1)肯定句:主语+系动词be +其他成分【例句】My names Gina. 我名叫吉娜。2)否定句:主语+系动词be+ not+其他成分【例句】My name isnt Gina. 我的名字不叫吉娜。3)一般疑问句:
2、对某一事情或情况是否真实而提出疑问的句子,用Yes/No来回答。系动词be(首字母大写) +主语+其他成分? 简略肯定回答:Yes, 主语+ be.(不缩写)简略否定回答:No, 主语+ be not.(可缩写)【例句】Is your name Gina? 你叫吉娜吗?Yes, I am. 是的,我是。Are you Sally? 你是萨莉吗?No, Im not. 不,我不是。4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+系动词be +主语+其他成分?【例句】Whats your name? 你叫什么名字?My names Gina. 我叫吉娜。【考题链接】Are you a student? Yes, _.
3、A. Im B. Im not C. I am D. I am not答案:C思路分析:在回答一般疑问句时,yes表示肯定回答,排除B, D两项;作肯定回答时,be动词不与主语缩写,排除A项,故选C项。【即学即练】句型转换,每空一词1. Its her book. (改为否定句)_ _ her book.2. This is his book. (改为一般疑问句)_ _ his book?3. Is your name Dick? (作否定回答) No, _ _.4. This is my school ID card. (对画线部分提问)_ is _?5. Is that his penci
4、l box? (作肯定回答) Yes, _ _.答案:1. It isnt 2. Is this 3. it isnt 4. What; that 5. it is二、指示代词的用法【分类】指示代词分单数(this , that)和复数(these , those)两种形式,既可作限定词又可作代词。this 这个;that 那个these 这些;those 那些【用法】1) 在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 2) this(these)一般指时间和空间上较近的人或物,而that (those)常指时间和空间上较远的人或物。 3)打电话过程中,介绍自己时通常用this指代“我”,不用代词I;
5、询问对方时用that指代“你”,不用代词you。【例句】This is a chair. 这是一把椅子。This is a pen and that is a pencil这是一支钢笔,那是一支铅笔。 Whos that please? 请问是哪位?This is Bob (speaking).我是鲍勃。【注意】在回答指示代词作主语的特殊疑问句时,如果指示代词指人,其回答中的主语可以用相应的指示代词或者相应的人称代词;指事物时,可以用相应的指示代词或者it(they)。在回答指示代词作主语的一般疑问句时,不管指示代词指人还是指物,答语中都用it或they。【例句】Whos that? 那是谁?
6、Thats/Hes my brother. 那是我哥哥。What are these? 这些是什么?These/They are toy cars. 这些是玩具汽车。Are those your friends? 那些是你的朋友吗?No, they arent. 不,不是。【考题链接】1. Hello. This is Mary. Whos _? _is Tom. A. this; This B. that; That C. this; That D. that; This答案:D思路分析:根据“我是玛丽。你是哪位?”可知是询问对方,故用that;在答语中,介绍自己时用this。2. Who
7、is _?_my brother.A. this; He B. that; It C. this; Hes D. that; He答案:C思路分析:浏览题干可知,指示代词指人,故答语中既可用相应的指示代词,也可用he;但A、D两项在答语中缺少谓语动词,故只有C项正确。【即学即练】用this, that, these, those, it填空1. _is a pencil, but _ is a pen.2. Is this your watch?Yes, _ is.3. Whats _ in English over there?_ is a schoolbag.4. This isnt my
8、 ruler. _ is mine.5. _ are not oranges. Those are oranges.6. Are _your cousins? Yes, they are.7. Hello, is _ Zhang Ming?No, _ is Zhang Fang.答案:1. This; that 2. it 3. that; It/That 4.That 5. These 6. these/ those 7. that; this三、名词性物主代词的用法【用法】名词性物主代词在句中作主语、宾语、表语等,相当于一个名词。有人称和数的变化。人称第一人称第二人称第三人称数单数复数单数
9、复数单数复数名词性物主代词mineoursyoursyourshis, hers, itstheirs【例句】Mine is on the desk. 我的在课桌上。(mine作主语)Dont take hers away. 不要把她的带走。(hers作宾语) This watch is his. 这块手表是他的。(his作表语)【考题链接】Sonia, is this your dictionary?Oh, no, its not _. Ask Li Lei. Hes looking for _.A. me; hers B. mine; him C. my; her D. mine; his
10、 答案:D思路分析:考查名词性物主代词的用法。浏览题干,空后没有名词,故应选用相应的名词性物主代词。第一空用mine;根据“李磊”是第三人称单数,故用his。句意为“索尼娅,这是你的词典吗?哦,不是,不是我的。问问李磊吧。他正在找他的词典”。四、人称代词的宾格【用法】在句中作宾语和表语,有人称和数的变化。人称单数复数宾格宾格第一人称meus第二人称youyou第三人称him, her, itthem【例句】Look at them. (作宾语) 看看他们。It is him. (作表语) 那是他。【考题链接】Look, thats Mike, your classmate.Yes. Lets
11、go and say hello to _.A. him B. he C. her D. hers答案:A 思路分析:考查人称代词的宾格。设空处在句中作介词to的宾语,故用宾格形式;根据上句可知Mike是男性,故用him。【即学即练】用括号中所给代词的正确形式填空1. _ (we) are students. 2. Please call _ (we) tomorrow.3. This is _ (he) pencil.4. Is that _ (you) watch?5. Thank _ (he) for _ (he) help.6. _ (they) are _ (we) books.7.
12、 The cat is _ (I). _ (it) name is Mimi.8. _ (he) and _ (she) are good.9. Look at _ (she).10. Something is wrong with your car. Dont worry, you can use _ _. (we) 答案:1. We 2. us 3. his 4. your 5. him; his 6. They; our 7. mine; Its 8. He; she 9. her 10. ours五、where引导的特殊疑问句【用法】where引导的句子用于询问某事物、某人、某地所在的
13、位置,构成“Where + be/助动词 +主语?”的形式。be/助动词的选择取决于其后的主语,即:【例句】Where is his dictionary? 他的词典在哪儿? Where are the keys? 钥匙在哪儿?Where does he live? 他住在哪里?Where do you usually have your lunch?你通常在什么地方吃午饭?【注意】在回答时,主语是单数,可用人称代词it/ he/ she/I代替;主语是复数,可用人称代词they/we代替。有时也可直接说出地点。【例句】Where are your parents? 你父母在哪儿?They a
14、re at home. 他们在家。Where is your pencil? 你的铅笔在哪儿?In my pencil box. 在我的铅笔盒里。【拓展】where is可以缩写为wheres,where are则不能缩写。【考题链接】Where are your _?Theyre in the pencil box.A. pens B. a pen C. the pen D. the pens答案:A思路分析:根据问句中的are可知主语应为复数,排除B, C两项,而空前有your,则空中名词前不能再加冠词。故排除D项。【即学即练】单项选择1. Where _ the CDs?A. is B.
15、 are C. am D. be答案:B思路分析:因为主语是the CDs,复数形式,故动词用are。2. _my alarm clock? _on the bed.A. Where; It B. Wheres; Its C. Where are; Theyre D. Where; Its答案:B思路分析:本句是where引导的特殊疑问句,A、D两项缺谓语,排除;主语my alarm clock是单数,故动词用is。3. Where _ my balls?_under the table. A. is; Its B. are; Theyre C. is; Theyre D. are; Its答
16、案:B思路分析:主语是my balls,复数形式,故谓语动词用are,排除A、C两项;答语主语用复数,故用Theyre。4. _ Mr. Smith?He is in the room.A. Whos B. Thats C. Wheres D. Whats答案:C思路分析:根据答语“他在房间里”可知问句问的是“在哪里”,故用C项。5. Wheres his CD?_.A. Hes in the room B. Theyre on the table C. On the table D. Its a CD答案:C思路分析:根据问句“他的CD在哪里?”可知,答语应是地点。A项主语he错误;B项主语
17、用了复数,错误;D项答非所问;故选C项。六、方位介词under, in, on的用法【例句】The glasses are on the books. 眼镜在书上。The books are in the schoolbag. 书在书包里。The cat is under the chair. 猫在椅子底下。【考题链接】The book is _ table.A. in B. on C. under D. on the答案:D思路分析: 在英语中,表示某物“在桌子上”用介词on,不用介词in,故排除A项;表示某物“在桌子下”用under;表示特指的某张桌子,用定冠词the,故排除B, C两项。
18、【即学即练】根据汉语意思完成下列句子1. 我的词典在沙发底下。My dictionary is _ _ _.2. 他的书包在椅子上。His schoolbag is _ _ _.3. 她的光盘在她书包里。Her CDs are _ _ _.4. 小明的棒球在床下。Xiao Mings baseball is _ _ _.5. 你的帽子在桌子上。Your hat is _ _ _.答案:1. under the sofa 2. on the chair 3. in her schoolbag 4. under the bed 5. on the table上学期期中复习:知识点归纳一、复习内容1. 写出五个表示学习用品的名词:_ 写出五个表示亲属的名词:_ 写出五个表示家居摆设的名词:_2. 指示代词指的是:_3. 写出下列动词的用法:thanks for + 动词的_;help sb. + 动词的_; ask sb. +动词的_。4. some的用法:常用于_句中;也可用于表示请求、希望得到对方肯定回答的_句中;在否定句和疑问句中常用_。5. I think hes my teacher. 的否定句是:_。二、复习点拨思考问题一:你能快速说出表示颜色的词吗?你能说出代词吗?思考问题二:你能正确区分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词吗?
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