从句.docx

1、从句考点归纳十六：状语从句一、引导词的选择：1.时间状语从句1).由when 、 while、as（当时候）引导的时间状语从句。When jack got home , his mother was cooking .2).由after/ before (在.之后/ 前)引导的时间状语从句。The football match played after school was over .3).由as soon as (一.就)引导的时间状语从句。Ill ring you as soon as I reach Beijing .4).由not.until（直到.才.）引导的时间状语从句。They

2、 didnt stop until they finished the work .2.原因状语从句 由because 、since 、as（因为、既然、由于）引导的原因状语从句。Since you have known about that , please tell us what to do .3.地点状语从句 由wherever（无论在哪儿） 引导的地点状语从句。Wherever he goes , he always brings his pet dog .4.目的状语从句 由so that (以便、为的是)引导目的状语从句。He got up very early so that

3、he could catch the early bus .5.条件状语从句 由if或unless 引导条件状语从句。I wont go to his party unless I am invited .6.比较状语从句 由than、 asas、not asas 引导比较状语从句。There are more students in our class than in theirs .7.让步状语从句 由though 、even though/ if 、although引导让步状语从句。Although he didnt pass the exam ,his father didnt get

4、 angry with him .8.方式状语从句 由as if (好像)引导方式状语从句。He talked about that as if he knew everything .9.结果状语从句 由sothat、such.that（如此.以致于）引导结果状语从句。It was raining so hard that we couldnt see the road .二、状语从句与主句的时态问题1.时间状语从句、条件状语从句与主句的时态不一致。（主句用将来时，而时间、条件状语从句用一般现在时）If it _(not rain) tomorrow ,we_(go) to climb th

5、e hill .He _ (become) a sodier when he _(grow) up .2.since引导的时间状语从句。 It is + 时间+ since + 一般过去时 It_(be) ten years since we _(leave) that city .3.由when、while引导的时间状语从句的时态： 主句（过去进行时）+when +从句（一般过去时）主句（一般过去时）+when +从句（过去进行时）主句（一般过去时）+while +从句（过去进行时） 主句（过去进行时）+while +从句（过去进行时）注意：看动词为短暂性动词用一般过去时，动词为延续性动词则

6、用过去进行时。Mother _(cook)supper when I _(get)home yesterday.Last Sunday I_(meet)Lin Hong when I _(walk)in the street .While Han Meimei _(sweep)the floor , Lucy _(carry) water.When the students _(have)a meeting, the teacher _(come) in .4.由when、after、before、by the time引导的时间状语从句的时态：主、从句的谓语动作都以完成，则先发生的动作用过去

7、完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。When they _(get) to the cinema last light , the film _(start) .I _(go) out with my friends after I _(finish) all the homework last night .中考考点十七：宾语从句一、直接引语变间接引语1.人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。1). “一随主”指若直接引语中的主语为第一人称时,变间接引语时应与主句的主语人称一致.She said “I like playing basketball”.She said that _ _

8、playing basketball .2). “二随宾”指若直接宾语中的主语为第二人称时,变间接宾语时应与主句的宾语人称一致.She asked Tom “Can I have a look at your picture”.She asked Tom if _ could have a look at _ picture .3). “第三人称不更新”指若直接宾语中的主语为第三人称时,变间接宾语时人称保持不变.She said to me “They want to help me”.She told me that _ _ to help me .2.指示代词，时间、地点状语的变化直接引语

9、间接引语指示代词thisthatthatthose时间状语nowthentodaythat daythis morningthat morning three days agothree days beforeLast week the week beforetomorrowthe next /following daynext yearthe next year地点状语herethere动词comego二. 宾语从句的考查宾语从句在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1.考查宾语从句的语序： 宾语从句的语序用陈述句语序。即 “主

10、语+谓语+Do you know when _?A.does the next train leave B.the next train leaves C.will the next train leave D.the next train will leave 注：若从句时疑问句，但语序不变的有：1).who在从句中作主语。Can you tell me _?(谁将来这儿)2).whats wrong / the matter ?He asked what was the matter with me .3).what happened I dont know what happened y

11、esterday .4).which is the way to .?Can you tell me which is the way to the park ?2.考查宾语从句的引导词1).若宾语从句时陈述句时，引导词用that 且that 可省掉。She said “Im gald to see you” = She said _ _ _ gald to see me .2).宾语从句时一般疑问句时，引导词用if 或whether . 一般情况下if /whether 可互换，但后有or not / or 、动词不定式或介词的后面时，只能用whether .He saked me “Are

12、 you going to Wuhan ?” = He asked me _ _ _ going to Wuhan.Im thinking about _ to go there .A.if B.whether C.that 3).宾语从句时特殊疑问句时，引导词用特殊疑问词。Do you know _? Im not sure ,Maybe he is a businessman .A.who he is B.who is he C.what he does D.what does he do 4).若宾语从句时肯定祈使句时，就改为ask /tell sb to do sth .若为否定祈使句

13、，就改为ask /tell sb not to sth .“Dont open the door” The teacher said . = The teacher told me _ _ _ the door .3.宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。Can you tell me _? He is a doctor .A.what is he B.what he was C.what he is D.what was he 2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。He

14、 asked _.A.what time it is B.what time is it C.what time it was D.what time was it He told me that he _ for the sports meet.A.is preparing B.was preparing C.will prepare D.has prepared 注：1) 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。Our teacher said that January_(be) the first month of the year.Our teacher said tha

15、t the earth _(go) around the sun. 2).若主句为could you .?表示请求客气的语气，从句的时态仍然不变。Could you tell me _?A.what he was doing B.what was he doing C.what he is doing D.what is he doing 4.if /when 引导状语从句和宾语从句这两种从句。从句的时态的确定。ifWhenif/when从句的时态条件/时间状语从句如果、假如当的时候一般现在时宾语从句是否什么时候一般将来时Can you guess if they_ to play footb

16、all with us ? I think they will come if they _free.A. come , are B. will come , will be C. will come , are D. come , will be Can you tell me when he_here tomorrow ? When he _ here , please call me .A. comes , comes B. will come , will come C. will come ,comes D. comes, will come 5.宾语从句的简化：1).宾语从句是陈述

17、句时，且主、从句的主语一致，可简化为“动词+ to do sth”.I hope I can meet you again .I hope _ _ you again .2).宾语从句是疑问句时，且主、从句的主语一致，或从句的主语与主句的宾语一致。可简化为“疑问词+ to do sth”.I dont know what I should do next .I dont know _ _ _ next .Could you tell me how I can get there ?Could you tell me _ _ _ there ?John didnt decide which sh

18、irt he would buy .John didnt decide _ _ _ _ .3).hear / see / find + that + 从句 ，可改为“hear / see / find + sb (要用宾格) + doing sth”.I heard that they were singing in the next room.=I heard _ _ in the next room .We found that she was playing with the cat under the tree .We found _ _ with the cat under the

19、tree. 考点归纳十八：定语从句一、定语从句（一）：1.定语从句的概念： 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。2.先行词： 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。3.关系词： 引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。关系词指代在定语从句中的作用that既指人也指物作主语、宾语which指物作主语、宾语who指人作主语whom指人作宾语whose既指人也指物作定语二、定语从句（二）1.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况

20、下，只能用that不用which。1).当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时，只能用that。There is nothing _ I can do for you .2).当先行词被the only、the very 、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时，只能用that。This is the very book _ Im looking for .3).先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that 。This is the first nextbook _ I studied

21、 in the middle school .4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。This is the most beautiful mountain _ I have ever seen .=I have _ seen _ a beautiful mountian .5).先行词既有人也有物时，只能that 。He told us many interesting things and persons _ we had .2.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用which不用that。1).关系代词前有介词时，关系词只能用which

22、。This is the building in _ he lives .2).先行词本身是that时，关系词只能用which 。The clock is that _ tells the time .3).引导非限定性的定语从句（先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开），关系词用which。His book , _ was lost last week , has been found now.3.先行词是人时，一般情况下既可用who 也可用that 。但以下情况下，只能用who。1).当先行词为those、one、ones、anyone且作主语时，一般用who 。Those _ are si

23、nging are all my classmates .2).在there be 句型中，先行词指人时，只能用who。指物时用that。There is a girl _ expects to see you .3).当先行词是I、you、he、they等时，只能用who 。He _ plays with fire gets burned .三、定语从句（三）。 由关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句。where = in / at +which when = in / on / at +which why = for + which 1.由where引导的定语从句。1).先行

24、词是表示地点的名词 2).在定语从句中作地点状语Is this the house _ you lived ?= Is this the house _ _ you lived ?= Is this the house _ you lived in ?2.由when引导的定语从句。1).先行词是表示时间的名词 2).在定语从句中作时间状语I will never forget the days _ I met him .= I will never forget the days _ _ I met him.注：先行词是the last time 时，when 可省略。When was the

25、 last time you saw the parrot ?3.由why引导的定语从句。 先行词为reason 时，一般用why 。 why在句中作原因状语。We dont know the reason _ they didnt come .四、注意事项：1.关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可省略。The story _ he told was very popular .A.who B.whom C.whose D. / 2.that、who、which在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。I loves singers who _(write) their own

26、songs .She is one of the girls who _(study) hard .3.在定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的人称代词。Will you please show me the book _ yesterday?A. which you bought B. that you bought it C. you bought D. you bought it 4.定语从句中whose 的确定： 无论先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定语用whose。判断：看定语从句的主语前有无限定词（my、your、Jims等），若没有，则用whose 。The girl _ parents

27、work in Beijing is Kate .A. who B. whose C. which D. that I know the boy . His handwriting is very good .= I know the boy _ handwriting is very good.五、定语从句的简化 把定语从句简化为形容词短语、过去分词短语、介词短语、现在分词短语。1.She reveived a box which was full of presents . She reveived a box _ _ presents .2.He likes reading books that was written by Luxun. He likes reading booking _ _ Luxun .3.I like Chinese tea which has nothing in it . I like Chinese tea _ _ in it .4.Do you know the girl who is wearing a red dress . Do you know the girl _ a red dress .