仁爱版八年级英语上册知识点总结.docx

1、仁爱版八年级英语上册知识点总结仁爱八年级英语(上册)知识总结及考题Unit 1 Play Sports【考点解析】Topic 1 Are you going to play basketball? 1We are going to have a basketball game against Class Three against表示“对着：反对；靠着” 2cheer sbon为加油，鼓劲 3win和beat都可表示“赢”，但用法不同。 (1) win(won，won)一般后接比赛，奖品作宾语，也可作不及物动词，表示“赢”的结果。 (2) beat(beat，beaten)击败、战胜，一般接对

2、手作宾语，还可译为“心脏跳动”或“击打”。 a game a team win+事物 a war beat+对手 a nation a prize an apponent(对手) 4prefer宁愿，更喜欢 (1)prefer doing sthto doing sth跟做某事比较起来更喜欢做某事prefer sbsthto sb.sth跟某人某物比较起来更喜欢人某物 (2)prefer to do sth(rather)than do sth跟做某事比较起来更喜欢做某事 (3)prefer to do sth更喜欢做某事 5jointake part in (1)join参加某个政党，团体，

3、组织等，成为其中的一员 (2)join sb(in doing sth)和某人一起(做某事) (3)join in=take part，in参加某项活动 Section B 1play for a team为某队效力be inon the team在某队打球 2dream作名词，“梦，梦想”。egmy dream job也可作动词dream ofabout sth.doing sth 3“one of the+形容词最高级+名词的复数”意思是“最之一”。 4break the record打破记录 5in the 2008 Beijing Olympics在2008年北京奥运会中。“在比赛中”

4、用in in the racein the basketball game 6give up放弃。注意应该把介词放在中间。give it up，give up doing sth放弃做某事。 7What a Shame=What a pity真遗憾!Section C 1spendcostpaytake (1)spend作“花费”之意时，指花费时间精力财力在某事或某物上，主语是人。 (2)cost主要指花费金钱时间劳力精力等主语是某物或某事,其结构是sthcosts sb (3)pay sb，酬谢某人，payfor可等同于spendon，或用cost作同义句转换。 (4)take一般指花费时间

5、，其主语是名词或动名词，经常用it作形式主语。 2do exercise=play sports做运动，锻炼 3There be句型的将来时结构为There isare going to be或There will be。注意在There be句型中不能出现表示“有”的have和has。 4the high jump跳高 the long jump跳远 5Sure (1)be sure that+从句egI am sure that he is right(2)sbbe sure to do sth某人一定会做某事。强调说话人的语气。 (3)be sure ofabout sthdoing s

6、th“确信”，表示主语对有把握。6make的用法。(1)make sbdo sth使某人做某事。被动语态中要还原to。(2)“make sbsth+形容词”使某人或某物处于某种状态。(3)make sthfor sbmake sbsth为某人制作 7be good for“对有益”，反义词组是be bad for“对有害”。 8keep healthy=keep fit保持健康 Section D 1play against跟进行比赛 play withplay againstplay for play with与玩耍。play against同比赛。 play for为效力。2leavefo

7、r离开某地去某地leave for=set off for出发去某地 3一般将来时 (1)含义：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或是存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow，soon，later on，next time(week，month，year，Sunday)等。 (2)结构为be going to do sth或will do sth。There be句型的将来时结构为There isare going to be或There will be。注意在There be句型中不能出现表示“有”的havehas。 (3)表示位置移动的动词go

8、, come，leave，fly，start等可以用现在进行时表示将要发生的事。其中go和come一定要用现在进行时表示将来。 【例19】(10年河北中考)This term_ overThe summer vacation is coming in two weeks Ais Bwas Chas been Dwill be【考点解析】Topic 2 Would you mind passing me some water?Section A 1wouldcouldwill you(please)do sth“请你做好吗?”表示委婉请求对方做某事，否定结构是wouldcouldwill you

9、(please)not do sth。egWould you please not play the piano loudly? 2fall ill“生病”，be ill“生病的”，强调一种状态。feel ill“感觉不舒服”，强调一种身体感受。fall down摔倒，跌倒。 3mind的用法(1)作动词，表示“介意”，常用于疑问句或否定句中。其结构是mind sbsthdoing sth (2)用于提出建议。Would you mind doing sthwould you mind not doing sth? 对Would you mind doing sth的回答可以用Of cours

10、e not，I will do it right awaySorryI will do it right away对would you mind not doing sth的回答可以用Sorry，I wont do it againIm sorry about that (4)作名词，“思想”。set ones mind to do sthon sth专注于做某事 4be gladhappy to do sth乐意做某事 5practice sthdoing sth练习做某事 Section B 1be always doing sth老是，含有抱怨的感情色彩。 2careless形容词，反义

11、词是careful。carelessly副词，反义词是carefully 3chance机会have a chance to do sth有机会做某事get a chance to do sth得到一个机会做某事 4What do you mean by sthdoing sth?=Whats the meaning of sthdoing sth? 5shout at sb朝某人喊叫，含有生气或气愤的感情。shout to sb朝某人喊叫， 6fight with sb=have a fight with sb与某人打架 7be angry with sb意为“生某人的气”，如：【链接】(1

12、) be angry at 对某人的言行感到气愤，(2) be angry about sth. 对某事感到生气， 8do ones best to do sth=try to do sth尽力做某事 9say sorryhellogoodbye to sb向某人道歉问候， 10befeel sorry forto do为而抱歉(难过)11keep的用法(1) keep sbdoing sth使某人一直做某事 (2)“keep sbsth+宾补+adj”使某人某物处于某种状态 (4)keep doing sth继续不断做某事 (5)“keep+表语”，表示保持继续(处于某种状态) keep f

13、ithealthy (7)保存，保留How long can I keep the book? 12turn down调低音量turn up调高音量turn on打开turn off关上注意代词都要放在中间。 13in a minuteright awayat once立刻，马上 14对sorry的回答可以是Thats OK(all right)It doesnt matterNever mindNot at allSection C 1love doingto do sth喜欢做某事2excitingexcited exciting指使人感到兴奋的事 excited是指人对感到兴奋 3as

14、welltooalsoeithersoneither(1)tooas well表示“也”，一般放在句末，且前用逗号隔开，常用于肯定句。 Tom is a student；Jack is a student，tooas well (2)also表示“也”，用于肯定句中，放在be动词、助动词、情态动词后实意动词前。 (3)在否定句中，都要改为either。 (4)so表示“也”时，用在倒装句中，表示肯定，其结构是“so+ be动词助动词情态动词+主语”。 Kate went shopping yesterday；Tom went shopping，tooas well(so did Tom) (5

15、)neither表示“也”时，用在倒装句中，表示否定，其结构是“neither+ be动词助动词情态动词+主语”。 Kate didnt go shopping yesterday；Tom didnt go shopping，either(Neither did Tom) 4so that引导目的状语从句，含义是“以便，目的是，为了”。 6otherothersanotherthe otherthe others other作形容词，指“其他的，别的”。egother students others(1)别人egYou must be polite to others(2)“其他的人或物”，指

16、在一个范围之内，除去一部分后剩余的部分，而不是全部，一般出现短语someothers中。There are many students in the classroom，some are reading，some are writing，others are talking another(1)(三者或三者以上)“又一个，再一个”。不确定数量中的另外一个。Jack has bought another pen(2)别的，不同的。I dont like this shirtPlease show me another one(3)another+数词+名词一数词+more+名词。“再多一些”，在

17、原来的基础上再加一些。 onethe other两者之间一个另一个 Section D 1连接时间的介词用法(1)ago“多久之前”，用过去式。结构是“段时间+ago” two days ago(2)“before+点时间”，表示“在几点前”，可用过去时、将来时或一般现在时。They will be here before 7：00。(3)“in+段时间”，指“多久之后”，用将来时。We will get to Beijing in three days(4)“after+点时问”，在几点之后，可用过去时，将来时或一般现在时。We often play football after 5：00

18、in the afternoon“after+段时间”，表示“多久之后”，只能用于过去式。He came back after four days2instead副词，“代替。而。相反”，单独使用时放句末。instead of sthdoing sth. 取代而不是 3build sbup使某人更强壮 4have fun doing sth做某事很愉快 (1) have fun= enjoy oneself= have a good time 玩得开心，过得快乐 (3) Have funEnjoy yourselfHave a good time等可以作为对别人出行前得祝福。 Topic 3

19、Which sport will you take part in?Section A 1the sports meetmeeting运动会the boys 800一meter race男子800米赛跑the long jump跳远the high jump跳高the relay race接力赛跑 3make friends with sb与某人交朋友。注意friends要用复数形式。 4be ready for sth为某事而准备。 5maybemay be maybe=perhaps副词，“也许，大概”。Maybe he is at the bus station nowmay be是情态

20、动词may后接动词原形be， Section B l. 打电话问对方是某人时，可以问Is that(speaking)?回答可以是Yes，whos that?Speaking 问对方是谁时用Who is that?告诉对方自己是谁时，应该说This is(speaking)。找人接电话时，应该说Hello，may I speak to sb?回答时如果是本人接的电话，可以直接说speaking。 2Lets make it half past six让我们定在六点半吧。make it(1)指约定时间Lets make it at 6：30 Section C 1holdhave a sport

21、s meet举行运动会 2be good at sthdoing sth=do well in sthdoing sth擅长(做)某事 do badly in sthdoing sth在某方面做得糟糕 【例10】His father is good at making model planes(同义句改写) His father_ _ _ _model planes 3encourage sbto do sth鼓励某人做某事。 【例11】 My father often encourages me_(study)hard 4take exercise=do sports做运动。其中exerci

22、se是不可数名词，意思是“运动，锻炼”。它也可以做可数名词，意思是“练习，体操”。egdo morning exercises做早操 【例12】(12年陕西中考) what do you think of the _ ? I think they are good for our eyesWe should do them often Aeyes exercise Beye exercise Ceye exercises 5be able to和can (1) 表示现在或过去的能力时两者相同。 e.g. I could ride a bike at the age of 8. =I was a

23、ble to ride a bike at the age of 8. 我八岁时就会骑自行车了。 (2) be able to有人称时态及数的变化，而can只有过去式could. We will be able to make it in 2010. 到2010年我们就可以做到了。 (3)表示请求、允许及否定判断时，只能用can。 The boy cant be Mike，he left for Paris yesterday.那个男孩不可能是Mike.他昨天去巴黎了。 【例13】Jacks father_ _ _(能)swim when he was five years old 7more

24、“更多”，后可接可数或不可数名词。反义词是less，“更少”，接不可数名词。fewer“更少”，接可数名词复数。 【例15】(12年黄冈中考) Whats the low-carbon lifestyle like? Save_ energy，produce_ carbon Amore；more Bless；more Cless；less Dmore；lessSection D 1stand for代表 Red stands for good luck in China 【例16】(11年龙岩中考)The Tang costume_ _(代表)Chinese history and fashi

25、on culture 2at least=as little as至少，反义词是at most=as much as至多。单项选择 1(12年杭州中考) Would you like to have _ chicken? No，thanksIts delicious，but Ive had enoughAsome other Bsome more Canother some 2(12年长沙中考)I am sure you will_ your classmates if you are kind and friendly to them Acatch up with Bagree with C

26、get on badly with Dmake friends with 4(12年十堰中考) Where is Jeff? Im not sureHe _playing football on the playground Amaybe Bmay be Ccan be Dmust be 8(13年新疆中考) Did you watch the basketball match yesterday? Yes，We were all_ about the_ match Aexciting；excited Bexciting；exciting Cexcited；excited Dexcited；e

27、xciting 9(12年广州中考)Have you _ your new classmates yet? Ahad friends with Bmade friend with Cgot friend to Dmade friends with15(12年厦门中考)Doctors often suggest，“_vegetables and meat can help you keep fit” AMore；less BFew；much CFewer；moreUnit 2 Keeping Healthy【考点解析】Topic 1 Youd better go to see a doctor

28、Section A 1whats wrong with sbsth=whats the matter with sbsth2have a cold患感冒，have后可跟表示疾病的词语。用来表示“患疾病”。 【例1】 You look so pale on your face，do you_ _ _(患感冒)? 3shouldshouldnt情态动词“应该不应该” Should I do sth?Yes，you shouldNo，you shouldntNo，you neednt 【例2】(10年江西中考) How was the youth club last night，Mark? It w

29、as great funYou_ come Amust Bcan Cshould Dmay 以下是我们所学过的情态动词： (1)can能会，cant不能不允许，过去式could，couldnt。egCan I do sth?Yes，you canNo，you cant(2)need“需要”，作为情态动词时无人称和时态的变化，多用于疑问句或否定句中。egNeed I do sth?Yes，you musthave toNo，you needntdont have to(3)must必须，mustnt表示“禁止”。egMust I do sth?Yes，you mustNo，you needntdont have to(4)may“可以能够”，无否定形式。May I do sth?Yes，you maycanNo，you cant 【例3】(10年福州中考) Dad，must I do my homework now? NoYou_ play games with your friends for a little while Awould Bneednt Cmay 4take a(good)resthave a(good)rest(好好)休息 【例4】After a whole days work，we want to_ _ _(休息一下) 5英语中表示