清华大学英语水平二常用词语与表达法.docx

1、清华大学英语水平二常用词语与表达法写作题型与篇章结构写作从命题语言形式上可以分为三类：1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People are never satisfied with what they have. They always want something more or something different. Use specific reasons and examples to explain your position.该题型的篇章结构：第一段：引言（表明观点：支持/反对）第二段：支持/反对

2、理由一第三段：支持/反对理由二（第四段：支持/反对理由三）第五段：结论（归纳或重申观点）2. Some schools encourage their students to take part in team sports, such as football, baseball, and basketball. Other schools place greater emphasis on such individual sports as tennis, running, and swimming. Which type of sports program would you recomm

3、end for teenagers? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.该题型的篇章结构：（1）第一段：引言（用自己的语言解释命题，肯定两种观点的合理性）第二段：第一种观点的合理性第三段：第二种观点的合理性第四段：结论（自己的观点及两至三条理由或倾向于折中的观点）（2）第一段：引言（略提及自己反对的观点的合理性，转折后，明确表明自己支持的观点）第二段：自己支持的观点论据一第三段：自己支持的观点论据二（第四段：自己支持的观点论据三）第五段：结论（重申自己的观点）3. Inventions such as eyegla

4、sses and the sewing machine have had an important effect on your lives. Choose another invention that you think is important. Give specific reasons for your choice.该题型的篇章结构：第一段：引言（明确话题）第二段：讨论话题第一方面第三段：讨论话题第二方面（第四段：讨论话题第三方面）第五段：结论（总结前面提到的几个方面）范文1：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

5、 Television has helped improve standards of education. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.I disagree that television has helped improved standards of education for a number of reasons. The first and probably the most important reason is the programming. Around the world it is mo

6、vies, sit-com, soap operas, pop music and talk shows which dominate TV screens. There may be nothing wrong with these, and they are certainly popular with audiences, but the content of these programs has not helped to make people better educated.Typical television programs have also had a bad effect

7、 on viewers? Attention span, that is, on how long they can concentrate. Most TV programs do not require much concentration and young viewers, especially, get used to this. Education, on the other hand, does require concentration and young people find this increasingly difficult.Another characteristi

8、c of television is that it encourages a passive attitude in viewers instead of an active one. Most popular TV programs encourage an uncritical response, but education requires you to think about what is presented to you, to react to it and in some way to make use of it. In addition, passive TV-watch

9、ing has often taken the place of more active pursuits such as reading, music, playing board games and conversation, all of which are more educational than a typical evening of TV.Finally, it seems to be true that television makes it difficult for viewers, especially young ones, to distinguish proper

10、ly between fact and fiction. This confusion, which is really another kind of uncritical response, again works against educational principles.Television has done many good things. It entertains lonely, old and sick people; it certainly helps countries economies by selling products, and can be very in

11、formative by bringing news from around the locality, the country and the world into peoples homes. However, by making people passive and uncritical, television has a negative effect on education.范文2：There have been many arguments in recent years whether nuclear energy should be used to generate elec

12、tricity. Do you think nuclear energy should or should not be used for this purpose in your country? Which side do you agree with? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides. People who support usin

13、g nuclear energy to produce electricity usually give some or all of the following reasons. The first argument is that it is potentially cheaper than any other way. The second is that other ways of producing electricity require nonrenewable resources, such as coal and oil, and one day these will be u

14、sed up. This, they say, is not the case if we use nuclear energy. The third reason is more of a political one: some countries do not have the raw materials, such as coal, oil or water, which are needed to generate electricity and so they have to depend too much on other countries.People who attack u

15、sing nuclear energy for generating electricity generally say that it is too dangerous, both now and in the future. They point to severe nuclear accidents, such as Chernobyl, and some others in the United States, and say that the effects are so bad that the risk of an accident, even if the risk is ve

16、ry small, is not worthwhile. They also often say that there will be problems in the future of how to store the dangerous waste from old nuclear power stations, which can be deadly for thousands of years.As far as my own country is concerned, I believe there are two main reasons why it should not try

17、 to use nuclear energy at this time. Firstly, we have plenty of oil and hydroelectric energy from which to generate electricity. Secondly, if countries like the United States and Russia can suffer nuclear accidents, it would be very difficult to guarantee safety in my country. Furthermore, we have m

18、any better and more urgent things to do with the money.常用词语与表达法1. Introductory: generally speaking, generally, as a general rule, comparatively speaking, comparatively, in general, in a sense, in one sense, in a way, to some extent, to a certain degree, in my opinion, in my view, to my mind, as for

19、me, as far as I am concerned, on a personal level, at an individual level, from a (personal and psychological) perspective, in some cases, in some respects, on a larger scale, at a local level, to take the idea further, to take the above point to an extreme, putting the discussion in a wider context

20、, following the same line of, traditionally, unfortunately, obviously, undoubtedly, practically speaking, simplistically speaking, economically speaking, financially speaking, in terms of, at the risk of sounding too cold, in a slightly cold calculation, at the risk of sounding too direct.2. Compari

21、son: similarly, likewise, in the same way, equally important, like, bothand, the same as, (have) in common, in a not dissimilar way3. Contrast: on the contrary, on the one hand, on the other hand, otherwise, unlike, in sharp contrast, whereas, rather than, conversely, instead, by contrast4. Exemplif

22、ication: for example, for instance, as an example, as a case in point, as an illustration, such as, namely, that is, like, say5. Enumeration: first, second, in the first place, initially, first of all, to begin with, to start with, first and foremost, in the second place, next, also, besides, furthe

23、rmore, moreover, in addition, what is more, beyond that, for one thing, for another, finally, supremely, eventually6. Cause: because, because of, as, since, for, owing to, due to, on account of, as a result of7. Concession: although, nevertheless, however, but, yet, admittedly, it is true but, in sp

24、ite of, even though, granted that, at the very worse8. Emphasis: chiefly, especially, indeed, in fact, certainly, particularly, to be sure, actually, above all, surely, most important of all, even worse, no doubt, needless to say, more often than not9. Result: thus, so, consequently, hence, therefor

25、e, accordingly, as a result, for this reason, as a consequence, on that account, it follows that10. Summary: in conclusion, in short, in brief, in summary, on the whole, finally, to sum up, to conclude, in a word常用句型Argumentation1、 The idea of is not without advantages.2、 Nonetheless, pound for poun

26、d, I reckon that is more advantageous.3、 My view is that4、 Likewise, common sense tells us that5、 Many people would claim that6、 I also see a more serous reason for preferring to 7、 A, by contrast, is blessed with advantages.8、 Another reason why I would usually prefer to is that 9、 I can see that m

27、any of the advantages of seem obvious.10、 What is also worth noticing is that11、 It might also be noted that12、 If we turn our attention to ，we see that13、 There is no evidence to suggest that14、 The chief strength of is 15、 A further reason why I advocate an attitude of is that Exemplification1. I

28、can think of no better illustration of the idea than the example of 2. I can think of no better illustration of the view than the fact of 3. Numerous other examples might be given easily, but these will suffice.4. we may cite a single example of 5. history presents many examples of 6. The situation

29、is not rare, it is one of many examples I have encountered.7. one very amusing example of this is Conclusion1. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that 2. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclusion that 3. Judging from all the evidence

30、 offered, we may safely come to the conclusion that 4. All the evidence supports an unmistakable conclusion that 5. All the analysis justifies an unshakable view that 6. All the evidence confirms a sound idea that 7. Personal experience leads me to the conclusion that 8. I agree with the above state

31、ment because it seems to me that 9. Above all, I have supported the statement that it is better to because 10. To be fair, I must own up the advantage that , but I firmly believe that 听力模拟题一Question 1-4Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.NOTES ON S

32、OCIAL PROGRAMMEExample Answer Number of trips per month: 5 visit places which have: historical interest good 1 2 Cost : between 5.00 and 15.00 per personNote : special trips organized for groups of 3 peopleTime : departure 8.30 a.m. return 6.00 p.m.To reserve a seat : sign name on the 4 3 days in advanceQuestion 5-10Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBE