北京高考真题及模拟题七选五汇编1.docx

1、北京高考真题及模拟题七选五汇编1七选五分类汇编共30套练习一、高考真题集锦 2019 北京高考根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Much of the work in todays world is accomplished（完成）in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. 46 Companies spend millions hiring top

2、 business people. Is their money well spent? 47 They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the teams

3、 performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isnt evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the teams performance.To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate（协调）the

4、ir actions. 48 In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interde

5、pendence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the teams performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told, There is no I in TEAM.

6、49 Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war（拔河比赛）, whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force. 50 . An A-team may require a balancenot just A players, but a few generous B pla

7、yers as well.A. Its not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers attention.D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.E. Several re

8、cent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.2018北京高考真题Why Do We Get Angry? Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but t

9、he causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. _1_ Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would

10、 take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more._2_ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to ones personal history and psychological traits. Each person, n

11、o matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. _3_ Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a trigg

12、ering event has occurred. _4_Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger. _5_However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to

13、prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.B. But some types of situations can

14、 help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-

15、anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger anothe

16、r.2017北京高考真题Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 1 One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 2 We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between br

17、ain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear. Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 3 Now we have the most direct

18、 evidence yet that he is right. 4 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.If Tononis theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a nights, we find

19、 it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stay

20、ed the same size. 5 “You keep what matters,” Tononi says.A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.B. Its as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.D. The processes take place to stop our brains be

21、coming loaded with memories.E. Thats why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.G. Tononis team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.2016

22、北京高考真题The Science of Risk-SeekingSometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. 1 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our br

23、ains work.The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 2 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.So w

24、hy arent we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car raci

25、ng, or maybe you hate it. 3 No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 4 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your br

26、ain raises your tolerance for risk as well.Mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well. 5 For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active. As experts continue t

27、o study the science of risk-seeking, well continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.It all depends on your character.Those are the risks you should jump to take.Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.Thus, these well-equipped people survived bec

28、ause they were the fittest.This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.2015北京高考真题This Way t

29、o DreamlandDaydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of whats happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy._1_They annoy us because they seem to be ignori

30、ng us and missing the important things.But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. _2_ Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over

31、tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams._3_ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while youre daydreaming, try to do it

32、while you are involved in another taskpreferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.Its also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep._4_Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away._5_