高考英语一词多义.docx

1、高考英语一词多义高考英语专题复习-熟词生义、一词多义普通高等学校招生全国统一考试说明中的词汇表是命题人的主要依据，而这个词汇表只提供了英语单词或短语的拼写形式，未有词义。这就给命题人提供了广阔的活动空间，给他们减少了很多限制，但却给考生增加了几倍的难度。因为英语中的一词多义多性现象是普遍存在的。例如：2001年全国卷中第26题： We didnt plan our art exhibition like that but it_ very well Aworked out Btried out Cwent on Dcarried on 正确答案为A。此处work out的词义为“（情况）发展”

2、、“进行”。其余干扰项的干扰作用都很大。如果没有完全掌握work out的含义，根本无法选定这个选项，更何况，我们的课本根本未有把work out作“（情况）进展”、“进行”解释过。单选题如此，阅读理解、完形填空等题中熟词生义现象更是比比皆是。为了能使我们顺利通过考试，现按照字母顺序举例解析我们常见常考的熟词生义。 A 1about （熟义：关于） prepadv到处（美）around 到处We spent the whole afternoon walking about town我们整个下午就在城里到处逛来逛去。 His hair was drifting about his should

3、ers like dirty snow. 他的头发像脏兮兮的雪一样披散在肩上。2act （熟义：行动）vi起作用 It takes a couple of minutes for the drug to act只需几分钟，药物就起作用了。 Heacted both as the ships surgeon and as chaplain for the men. 他在船上为水手们兼作外科医生和牧师。In the act of 正在做Ken was in theactof paying his bill when Neil came up behind him. 尼尔从后面走过来时，肯正在付账。

4、3add （熟义：加）vt 接着说，又说 “They dont know”he added“他们不知道。”他接着又说。 4address （熟义：地址，写地址） vt 称呼 The president should be addressed as “Mr President”总统应称为“总统先生”。The Duchess should beaddressed as Your Grace. 公爵夫人应被称为“大人”。 向发表演说 He is going to address the meeting in a minute他一会儿就要在大会上讲话了。 He is due toaddressa co

5、nference on human rights next week. 他下星期将在一个大会上发表关于人权的演说。n. 演说The President gave anaddressto the American people. 总统向美国民众发表了演说。v. 向说话The two foreign ministers did notaddresseach other directly when they last met. 这两位外交部长在上次会面时并没有直接的言语交流。Headdressed his remarks to Eleanor, ignoring Maria. 他和埃莉诺聊了聊，而没

6、搭理玛丽亚。v. 处理，了解并设法解决Mr King sought toaddressthose fears when he spoke at the meeting.金先生在会上讲话时试图消除那些恐惧。Throughout the book we haveaddressed ourselves to the problem of ethics. 整本书中我们都在探讨伦理观的问题。5admit （熟义：承认）vt允许进入 The servant opened the door and admitted me into the house. 仆人打开门，请我进去。 容纳The theatre o

7、nly admits 1，000 persons这个剧场只能容纳一千人。 6. adapt （熟义：适应）vt使某物适合于新的用途,情况等;修改;改编或改写(稿本) These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.这些式样均可改动以适应个人不同的爱好. This novel has been adapted for radio from Russian original.这部小说已由俄文原著改编成无线电广播节目.7. adopt （熟义：收养; 过继）vt 采纳;采取;采用 We adopt their teaching method

8、. 我们采用了他们的教学方法8against （熟义：反对，违背） prep衬着，迎着，靠着The picture looks good against the white wall这幅画在洁白的墙的衬托下显得很好看。 She leanedagainsthim. 她紧靠着他。The profits rise was achievedagainsta backdrop of falling metal prices. 在金属价格下跌的背景下，利润提高了。Thesnow-cappedmountainsstoodout insharpreliefagainstthebluesky.白雪皑皑的山峦与蓝

9、天形成了鲜明对比.9agree with （熟义：同意） 与一致，协调，适合 Your story agrees with what I heard你讲的与我所听到的一致。 His explanation agrees with the facts of the situation.他的解释与实情相符。Long plane trips dont agree with me我不适合坐飞机长途旅行。 Late hours do not agree with me.我不习惯熬夜。10appeal （熟义: 恳求,呼吁）v (对某人)有吸引力,(使某人)感兴趣 The idea of camping

10、has never appealed to me. 对露营这种想法我从来不感兴趣.11appear （熟义：出现） vi 似乎 You appeared to have made a mistake. 你似乎犯了一个错误。The aircraftappears to have crashed near Katmandu. 飞机似乎在加德满都附近坠毁了。She didntappearat all surprised at the news. 她听到这消息时一点也没有显得吃惊。12apply（熟义：申请） v应用,运用; 适用 What I have said applies only to so

11、me of you. 我所说的只适用于你们当中的一部分人. The Government appears to beapplying the same principle. 政府似乎是在运用相同的原则。His project is concerned withapplying the technology to practical business problems. 他的项目是将这项技术应用于实际的商务问题。13arm （熟义：n手臂）n武器 v武装Lay down your arms or well fire！放下武器，否则，我们就开枪了！ Police say the man is ar

12、med with guns and very dangerous. 警察说该男子携有枪，十分危险。14ask （熟义：问）vt要求 The teacher asked that all the students (should) stay at the classroom. 老师要求所有学生呆在教室.15attend （熟义：出席） vtvi看护，治疗DrParia Lal attends himParia Lal医生在治疗他。 If you go out，wholl attend to the baby？如果你走了，谁来照看婴儿？ B 1back （熟义：n背） vt支持Many of hi

13、s friends backed his plan他的许多朋友支持他的计划。 倒车Hebacked his car out of the drive. 他把车倒出了私人车道。2badly （熟义：坏） adv迫切, 很English teachers are badly/desperately needed in our school. 我们学校极需要英语老师。We are in desperate need of a new English teacher.3. bar3bear （熟义：熊） v 支撑 The ice is too thin to bear your weight. 冰太薄

14、，承受不了你的重量。 负起（责任），肩负He is a carefree fellow who bears his responsibilities lightly. 他是个满不在意不大负责的人。 忍受，忍耐The pain was almost more than he could bear. 这样的痛苦几乎使他受不了。4beat （熟义：击打） v (心脏) 跳动 He is alive-his heart is still beating. 他还活着-心脏还在跳动。 打败He beat me at chess. 他下棋赢了我。请体会以下bear的意思：The investigator c

15、ouldnt bear it any longer. He stopped the thief and told him, “Regardless of the family you were born into, you should bear the responsibility of the robbery, and bear in mind that everyone bears different DNA, so you are bound to be arrested. Wrong doings shall not bear good fruit.”5before （熟义：以前）

16、conj才；就It was a long time before I got to sleep again过了很久我才再睡着。 I hadnt waited long before he came我没有等多久，他就来了。 6block （熟义：大块） n (四面临街) 建筑群，街区 v 阻碍；堵塞He lives three blocks away from here. 他住的地方与此处相隔三条街。Heavy snow is blocking all roads into Scotland. 大雪阻塞了所有通往苏格兰的路。7blow （熟义：吹，刮） n 打击His wifes death w

17、as a great blow to him. 他妻子的去世对他是一大打击。8book （熟义：书） v 预定，预购 I would like to book three seats for tonights concert. 我想预定今晚音乐会的三个座位。9buy （熟义：购买） v 相信 No one will buy (into) that excuse. 谁也不会相信那个借口。Im notbuying (into) any of that nonsense. 我才不信那些废话呢n. 划算的东西，性价比高的商品This was still a goodbuyeven at the hig

18、her price. 即使价格更高一些，这仍然很合算。10build （熟义：v修建） n身材，体型The football player has a solid build足球运动员体格健壮。 C 1calm （熟义：冷静的，镇静的）adj 无浪的，风平浪尽的 The sea is calm.2can （熟义：能） n罐头、罐子、牢房vt做成罐头，将(食物、饮料)装罐保存Mother cans fruit妈妈把水果做成罐头。 .fruits and vegetables that will becanned, skinned, diced or otherwise processed. 将要

19、装罐、去皮、切块或用其他方法加工的水果和蔬菜Several young men were kicking a tincanalong the middle of the road. 几个青年人踢着一个锡罐在路中间走着。3capital （熟义：首都） n 大写字母；资本 Write your name in block capitals, please. 姓名请用大写。 Jack set up a business with a starting capital of $100,000. Jack的创业资本是$100,000。4carry （熟义：搬运，携带） v持有，带有；刊登 Police

20、 in many countries carry guns. 许多国家的警察都带枪。 Todays newspapers carry full reports of the presidents visit. 今天的报纸刊登了总统访问的详尽报道。5case （熟义：情况） n 案例,病例； 箱子The case will be heard in court next week. 这一案件下星期审理。6catch （熟义：抓） v 明白；领会 Sorry, I didnt quite catch what you said. 对不起，我没听清你的话。8cause （熟义：n起因，v引起） n事业

21、The UN has done a lot for the cause of world peace联合国为世界和平事业做了许多贡献。 9certain （熟义：相信） adj 某个，某种 For certain reasons I will be unable to attend the meeting.因为某种原因，我不能出席这次会议。10change （熟义：变化） n 零钱，找头 Have you got change for a five-pound note? 你有没有5英镑的零钱？11collect （熟义：收集） v 取走，拿走 His job is to collect a

22、child from school every day. 他的工作是每天从学校接回孩子。12company （熟义：公司）n有人作伴；伙伴You may know a man by the company he keeps.你可以从一个人所交的朋友了解他的为人。 13condition （熟义：条件） n 状况 He is in excellent condition for a man of his age. 他就其年龄而言，身体极好。14cost （熟义：花费；值）vt使失去（生命、健康等）The patients dangerous condition cost the doctors

23、and nurses many a sleepless night 病人的危险状态使医生、护士好几夜不曾合眼。 15count 熟义：数（数目） vi重要；vt认为Every minute counts每分每秒都重要。 On the whole she counted herself a fortunate wife总的说来，她自认为还是一个幸运的人。 16course （熟义：过程） n 课程；航线；一道菜 Id like to take a refresher course to improve my driving. 我想参加补习训练以提高自己的驾驶技术。 The plane was o

24、ff the course.飞机偏离航向。 They were treated with a five-course dinner for lunch. 招待他们五道菜的正餐。17cover （熟义：覆盖） v够付（费用）；走完（一段路）；涉及；报导Here is 5；that should cover all your expenses这儿有5英镑，应该够付你所有的开支。 By sunset we had covered thirty miles.到日落的时候，我们已走了三十英里。 He is carrying out a research that covers a wild field.

25、 他正在进行涉及范围很广的研究工作。 He was sent to cover the event. 他被派去报道着事件。18cross （熟义：横跨） adj 生气的，恼怒的 I was cross with him for being late. 他迟到了，我很生气。D 1date （熟义：日期；枣子） v 追溯 ；约会The ancient temple has a long history and can date back to the year 1890AD 这古庙历史悠久，追溯到1890 ADThey have been dating for a long time. 他们一直频

26、频约会2dear（熟义：亲爱的） 昂贵的Clothes are getting dearer.衣服越来越贵了3 degree （熟义：学位） n程度 She has also been affected, but to a lesser degree. 她也受到波及，但程度较轻。4desert （熟义：沙漠） vt离开，抛弃We sheltered from the storm in a deserted garage 我们在一间空无人住的茅屋里躲暴风雨。 5develop （熟义：发展；开发） v 冲洗 He took a film to be developed. 他将胶卷送去冲洗。6di

27、vide （熟义：分割开， 分成） v 除 30 divided by 6 is 5. 30 除6等于5。7do （熟义：做，制作） v 行, 适合Which do you prefer，coffee or tea？ Either will doIt makes no difference for me 随便，对我来说没什么区别。8draw （熟义：画） v 吸引；获取，汲取Ladies and gentlemen，may I draw your attention to me？女士们，先生们，注意了。What conclusions did you draw from the study?

28、你从研究中得出什么结论？9drive （熟义：驾驶） v 驱使Do you have any idea what has driven him mad？ 你知道什么使他发疯的吗？10. due （熟义：由于） adj 须立即支付，到期 ； 约定，预期My rent isnt due till Wednesday.我的租金星期三才到期。The train is due to arrive in five minutes. 火车预定在5分钟后达到。 E 1earth （熟义：地球） n 泥土He covered the roots of the plant with earth. 他用泥土把植物的

29、根埋起来。2easy （熟义：容易的）adj舒适的，安分的，轻松的 Now we are leading an easy life现在我们过着舒适的生活。 3edge （熟义：边缘） n 刀口，锋The boy is playing with a knife with a sharp edge. 这孩子正在玩一把锋利的刀。4employ （熟义：雇佣） v利用，使用You could employ your spare time better. 你可以把闲暇时间利用得好些。5energy （熟义：能量，能源） n 精力，活力His work seemed to lack energy. 他工作

30、似乎缺乏干劲。6enjoy （熟义：喜欢） v 享有Men and women should enjoy equal rights. 男女应当享有平等权利。7escape （熟义：逃走）v被忘记 His name escaped me for the moment我一时想不起他的名字了。 8even （熟义：甚至adv） adj平坦的； 不相上下的，均衡的 A billiard-table must be perfectly even. 台球桌必须十分平。That is an even game. 那是平局。9exercise （熟义：练习） n锻炼 Doing crosswords gives the mind some exercise. 做字谜游戏能锻炼脑筋。10expect （熟义：期望，盼望）v预计，估计The weather turns out far better than we expected天气比我们预料的要好。11exploit （熟义：利用或开发）v剥削或利用There are still child labour exploited in factories. 工厂里仍有受剥削的童工。12express （