考研真题及解析英语一.docx

1、考研真题及解析英语一2015考研真题及解析（英语一）Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from

2、 the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has_(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)_1,932 unique subjects which _(4)_pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.While 1% m

3、ay seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared i

4、n friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar f

5、riends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)

6、_factor.The findings do not simply explain peoples_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same populatio

7、n.1. A when B why C how D what【答案】D what【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。根据句子结构和选项的特点，可以判断出空格处应填从属连词引导从句;再根据句子的内容，可以看出该从句是一项研究的相关内容(what)，不是指研究的时间(when)， 原因(why)和方式(how)，因此，该题的答案为what。2. A defended B concluded C withdrawn D advised【答案】B concluded【解析】从此题所在的句子的前后内容可以判断出，that is_ 中的that是指第一句话的内容(朋友与我们基因上的相关性)，很显然是研究得出的结

8、论。因此，答案为concluded。3. A for B with C on D by【答案】C on【解析】根据空格所在句子的内容(研究对1932分独特的受试者进行分析)判断出进行分析的对象是1932 unique subjects。conduct analysis on是固定表达。4. A compared B sought C separated D connected【答案】A compared【解析】该空格所在的句子是which 引导的定语从句修饰study,意思是：对几对基因不相关的朋友和陌生人进行_。因为“研究”的内容是关于朋友间基因上的相关性问题，所以完整的意思应该是：对几对基

9、因不相关的朋友和陌生人进行比较。所以最佳答案为compared。5. A tests B objects Csamples D examples【答案】C samples【解析】根据空格的前后内容判断，到第五个空为止，文章都在讲实验过程，和实验对象，第五个空格所在句子的内容是：相同的人们都用于实验中的这两类_。所以根据上下文语境和内容，应该选与实验对象相对应的samples(样例).因此，答案是samples。6. A insignificant B unexpected Cunbelievable D incredible【答案】A insignificant【解析】空的语境为：尽管这1%看

10、起来似乎_，但是遗传学家可不这么认为。空前后形成对比转折的逻辑关系，而从后文列举的例子中可知遗传学家James Fowler对这1%基因的态度是肯定的，故答案为A。7. A visit B miss C seek D know【答案】D know【解析】空的语境为：大多数人甚至不_他们隔三代的表亲，但却设法选择那些_我们亲戚的人作为朋友。填入的词必须满足前后句之间的转折逻辑关系，四个选项带入，只有D选项符合上下文语义。8. A resemble B influence C favor D surpass【答案】A resemble【解析】空的语境为：大多数人甚至不认识他们隔三代的表亲，但却设法

11、选择那些_我们亲戚的人作为朋友。根据全文中心：基因上的相似性，可知本题选择A。9. A again B also C instead D thus【答案】B also【解析】空所在的句子开头用“The study”,显然这是对上文话题的继续阐述，前文指出研究发现朋友与我们有1%的基因关系，而空所在句“the genes for smell were something shared in friends”在进一步详细讨论该话题，前后之间是顺接关系，故答案为B。10. A Meanwhile B Furthermore C Likewise D Perhaps【答案】D Perhaps【解析】从

12、选项和文字中句子结构可以判断，空格处要求填入一个能够体现前后两个句子逻辑关系的副词，空前的句子谈到“为什么在嗅觉基因方面存在相似性还很难解释”，空后却紧接着对此得出一个相关结论，很明显是矛盾的，所以此结论只能是一种不确定的推测，故答案为D。11. A about B to Cfrom Dlike【答案】B to【解析】该题为介词选择题。后半句出现比较级，可见是和前文形成比较关系，因此和上半句介词保持一致，用介词to。该句翻译：它(这种相似性)吸引我们到相同的环境，并且使我们更为相似。因此答案为to。12. A drive B observe C confuse Dlimit【答案】A driv

13、e【解析】该句意思为：很多机制共同作用，从而_我们选择基因相似的朋友，_和_交朋友的“功能关系”。根据上下文可知，此处所填入动词需符合结构_sb. in doing sth，B选项observe(观察，遵守)和C选项confuse(困惑)均无此用法。符合该结构只有A选项drive(驱使)和D选项limit(限制)。根据上下文可得知：这些机制驱使我们选择基因相似的朋友，符合文章主题。如果选限制则为反向干扰。因此答案为drive。13. A according to B rather than C regardless of D along with【答案】B rather than【解析】所填词

14、为逻辑关系短语，空前说选择基因相似的朋友，空后说具有“实用关系”的朋友，可知前后为对立关系，并且根据文章主题，可知肯定前者而否定后者，可锁定B选项rather than。A选项according to(根据)没有体现出对立及取舍关系，因此排除;C选项regardless of(不管)表让步关系，干扰性较强，但文章更强调取前舍后，因此排除;D选项along with(伴随)表顺接，故排除。故答案为rather than。14. A chances Bresponses Cmissions Dbenefits【答案】D benefits【解析】根据前文functional kinship(实用关系

15、)可得出D选项benefits(利益)，前后形成呼应。A选项chances(机会)、B选项responses(反应)、C选项missions(使命)均不符合题意。故答案为benefits。15. A later Bslower C faster D earlier【答案】C faster【解析】该句为：evolving _ than other genes(比其他基因进化得_). 根据同词复现，我们找到该段第二句话中：human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years(人类进化在过去30000年间提速)。C 选项faster与下文picke

16、d pace(加速)形成呼应，故答案为faster。16. Aforecast Bremember Cunderstand Dexpress【答案】C understand【解析】此题考查动词。根据语意。空格后面是一个why引导的宾语从句，意为“人类进化在过去三万年间得以加速的原因”，表示这一研究的结果和意义。能与这一宾语从句构成搭配的只有C选项understand。A选项forecast“预测”与“过去三万年”相矛盾，B选项remember“记住”和D选项“express”均不符合文意。17. A unpredictable Bcontributory C controllable D di

17、sruptive【答案】B contributory【解析】此空需要填入一个形容词，表达社会环境对人类进步所起到的作用。help，pick pace这两个词表达的都是积极的含义，因此此处需要填入一个带有褒义的感情色彩的词， 因此排除A选项“不可预测的”和D选项“破坏性的”; B 而C选项“可控的”,与语意无关;因此正确答案为B选项contributory“促进的”。18. A endeavor Bdecision Carrangement D tendency【答案】D tendency【解析】此处进一步陈述这一研究的结论。A选项endeavor“努力”，B选项“决定”，C选项“安排”，D选项

18、“倾向”。本文的主旨重在解释人们在交朋友的不自觉的一种倾向，而非通过人为的有意识的举动来选择朋友。因此正确答案为D。19. A political B religious C ethnic D economic【答案】C ethnic【解析】结合文意，人们普遍希望和有相似基因背景的人。C选项ethnic意为“种族的，民族的”，是对上文中多次重复出现的genes,以及下文的the same population的同义复现。因此正确答案为C。 A选项political“政治的”， B选项“宗教的”，D选项“经济的”均不符合原文文意。20. A see B show C prove D tell【答

19、案】A see【解析】此处考察动词，动词势必要看前后搭配。see that 构成固定词组，意为“务必使”，符合文意，即：即使所有的受访者都拥有欧洲血统，(研究者们)仍然悉心确保所有的受访者、朋友和陌生人都来自于同一群种。选项B“展示”,选项C“证明”，选项D“辨别”均无此含义，且不符合文意。Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your a

20、nswers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings dont abdicate, they dare in their sleep.” But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish cri

21、sis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was fol

22、lowing the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs continuing popularity polarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in

23、 the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens

24、 undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very historyand sometimes the way they behave today embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasi

25、ng power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or h

26、elicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europes monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to

27、 fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchys reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to underst

28、and that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchys worst enemies.21. According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan

29、Carlos of SpainA used turn enjoy high public supportB was unpopular among European royalsC cased his relationship with his rivalsDended his reign in embarrassment【答案】D ended his reign in embarrassment【解析】事实细节题。根据题干要求，定位到文章前两段。而文章第一段的第二句话提到“But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republic

30、an left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down.”(在最近的欧洲选举中，令人尴尬的丑闻和受欢迎的共和党，均迫使Carlos收回前言并退位)。D选项中，“stand down”是“end reign”的同义置换，且“embarrassment”与导致Carlos卸任的原因“embarrassing scandals”是相呼应的。故D是正确答案。A、B、C均属于无中生有。22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe most

31、lyA owing to their undoubted and respectable statusB to achieve a balance between tradition and realityC to give voter more public figures to look up toDdue to their everlasting political embodiment【答案】A owing to their undoubted and respectable status【解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键词“monarchs”和“heads of state”，定位到第三段的最后一句话“.most royal famil