时态.docx

1、时态 语法讲解一、 时态概述：时态是谓语动词的一种形式，表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。英语时态通过动词的变化来实现。在时间上，英语的时态分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来。动作分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行。将这些时间和动作组合在一起，共构成了16种时态。以动词do为例，英语的16种不同时态列表如下：动作时间一般进行完成完成进行现在一般现在时do / does现在进行时be (am, is are) doing现在完成时have / has done现在完成进行时have / has been doing过去一般过去时did 过去进行时was / were doing过去完成时had done

2、过去完成进行时had been doing将来一般将来时will / shall do将来进行时will / shall be doing将来完成时will / shall have done将来完成进行时will/ shall have been doing过去将来一般过去将来时would / should do 过去将来进行时would / should be doing过去将来完成时would / should have done过去将来完成进行时would / should have been doing1. 一般现在时 do / doesA定义一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存

3、在的状态或习惯性的动作。通常的时间状语有：usually, often, sometimes, every morning, always, now and then, occasionally, seldom, on Sundays, at present, nowadays, these days, at the moment, currently等。B一般用法表示经常性或习惯性的动作；表示现在的特征、状态及能力；表示普遍真理或格言、警句。Eg 1：The article suggests that when a person under unusual stress he should

4、be especially careful to have a well-balanced diet. A. is B. were C. be D. wasEg 2: The teacher told the students that the earth round the sun. A. run B. runs C. ran D. was runningC. 特殊用法（1）某些表示动作起止的动词，可用一般现在时表示一个按计划、规定、安排要发生的事，如begin, be, come, go, leave, arrive, return, stop, close, take off, meet

5、, take place, happen 等。 Eg 3：When does the plane take off?(2) 在时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。Eg 4: If it rains tomorrow, we will put off the sports meeting. Even if he doesnt come this Sunday, Ill go fishing by myself.(3) 特殊句型。Eg 5: It is / has been 5 years since I moved here.Eg 6: If she does

6、nt tell him the truth now, hell simply keep on asking her until she . A. does B. has done C. will do D. would doD.真题呈现Eg 7: I will phone you as soon as I the news. (B) A. am getting B. get C. will get D. shall get2. 现在进行时 be (am, is are) doingA定义现在进行时表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。常用的时间状语有：now, at the moment, t

7、hese days, nowadays, at present 等。B一般用法说话时正在发生或正在进行的动作；现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定正在进行的动作。Eg 1: I am giving a lecture. I am reading a novel these days. Dont disturb him. He is listening to the weather forecast. C. 特殊用法 (1) 表示一个最近按计划或安排要进行的动作，限于表示来去、开始、结束、离开、到达等瞬间意义的动词。Eg 2：We are leaving on Friday.(2) 在时间状语从句、条件状

8、语从句或让步状语从句中表达将来正在进行的动作。Eg 3: If she is sleeping, dont wake up.(3) 现在进行时与always, continually, constantly, all the time等副词连用表示反复或习惯性的动作，含有某种感情色彩，如赞扬、遗憾、讨厌、不满等。Eg 4：He is always coming late. You are always thinking of others. My wife is forever criticizing me.D. 注意事项(1)以下动词不宜用进行时：表示心理状态、情感的动词如love, hat

9、e 等；表示存在状态的动词如appear, exist, lie, be, have, belong to等；表示感官的动词如see, hear, notice, smell, taste, look 等。Eg 5: The house belongs to my uncle. (2) 与一般现在时相比，现在进行时强调的是情况的暂时性，而非长期的习惯的动作或情况。Eg 6: “You very clever today” , his mother said happily. A. are being B. have been C. were D. are 译文： “你今天真聪明。”妈妈高兴地说

10、。 -You are being a good girl today! -今天你很乖哦！Eg 7：The food that he is cooking in the kitchen delicious. A. is smelling B. smells C. has smelled D. will smellE.真题呈现Eg 8: Send for a doctor quickly. The old man . (B) A. will die B. is dying C. dies D. died 3. 现在完成时 have / has doneA定义 现在完成时表示动作在过去已经完成，但对

11、现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语有：already, yet, before, just, ever, lately, recently, often, sometimes, never, once, twice, for, since 等。B一般用法 （1）不带时间状语的现在完成时表示说话之前动作已经完成，而后果和影响至今存在。Eg 1：The city has taken on a new look.(2) 到现在为止这一时期中发生的情况（可能是多次动作的总和，也可表示状态和习惯性的动作。Eg 2: How many pages have you covered today? He has b

12、een ill for a week. (3) 表示一直持续到现在的状态。Eg 3：The meeting has lasted five days.(4) 在时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句中表达将来某时已经完成的动作。Eg 4 ：Where you have learned English, you will find it is a bridge to much knowledge. Well start at six if it has stopped raining by then.C. 特殊用法 (1) 特殊句型 It s the first time that have

13、/has done It has been / is +时间段 + sinceEg 4: It. is the first time that I have been to Beijing. It has been five years that I graduated from the colleg (2) 短暂性的动词的完成时不与时间段连用，如需连用可转化成相应的延续性动词，如： die-be dead; leave - be away ; come back- be back; fall in love with - be in love with marry - be married

14、to join- be a member of = be in Eg 5: He has died. () He has been dead for 3 years.D. 典型例题Eg 6 : It a long time since we met last. A. has been B. will be C. was D. had been I am glad that Peter decided to come to the party because we Him for several years. A. dont see B. didnt see C. hadnt seen D. h

15、avent seenD.真题呈现Eg: They more enthusiastic about their work since their teachers return. (D) A. are B. were C. had been D. have been 4. 现在完成进行时 have / has been doingA定义B一般用法 C. 特殊用法D.真题呈现5. 一般过去时 did A定义B一般用法 C. 特殊用法D.真题呈现6. 过去进行时 was / were doingA定义B一般用法 C. 特殊用法D.真题呈现7. 过去完成时 had doneA定义B一般用法 C. 特殊

16、用法D.真题呈现Eg: I there for five years when the new leader came. (A) A. had worked B. workedC. was working D. have been working 8. 过去完成进行时 had been doingA定义B一般用法 C. 特殊用法D.真题呈现Eg: I 9. 一般将来时 will / shall doA定义 一般将来时，表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某段时间内经常的动作或状态。常用的时间状语有：tomorrow, next week, from now on, in the future,

17、 in + 时间段等。B一般用法 表示将来的动作或状态；表示将来经常发生的动作。Eg 1：He will be back in a week. In a few years time, most people will go to work by car.Eg 2: While people may prefer to TV for latest news, it is unlikely that TV the newspaper completely. A. replaced B. have replaced C. replace D. will replaceC. 特殊用法(1) 一般将来

18、时可用来表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。Eg 3: Crops will die without water. Whenever he has time, he will come and see me.(2) 其否定式wont 表示“不能，没法”。Eg 4：The machine wont work. This play wont act.D.真题呈现10. 将来进行时 will / shall be doingA定义B一般用法 C. 特殊用法D.真题呈现11. 将来完成时 will / shall have done A定义B一般用法 C. 特殊用法 D.真题呈现 12. 将来完成进行时 will/ shall have been doingA定义B一般用法 C. 特殊用法D.真题呈现13. 一般过去将来时 would / should do A定义B一般用法 C. 特殊用法D.真题呈现14. 过去将来进行时 would / should be doing A定义B一般用法 C. 特殊用法D.真题呈现 15. 过去将来完成时 would / should have done A定义B一般用法 C. 特殊用法D.真题呈现16. 过去将来完成进行时 would / should have been doingA定义B一般用法 C. 特殊用法D.真题呈现