初中英语单词D E F S.docx

1、初中英语单词 D E F S初高中词汇 DEF教学目标：1.初高中以DEF字母开头的单词用法 2.初高中重点句型应用教学重难点：1.初高中以DEF字母开头的单词用法联合记忆 2.初高中重点句型应用一. 重点词汇及短语1. death 【用法】 n. 死，死亡 lose ones life 丧命，死亡 My dog died two days ago.我的狗天前死了。【拓展】 die v. 死亡 dead adj. 死亡的 be dead 死了（持续性词组）2. decide 【用法】vt./vi. 决定 I have decided to go to Hainan for a holiday.

2、我决定去海南度假。【搭配】decide to do sth 决定做某事【拓展】decision n. 决定 make a decision 作决定 Wearing red can help you when you are having difficulty making a decision.当你很难做决定时，穿红色可以帮助你。 3. devote【用法】v. 献身，专心于【搭配】devote. to.把什么献给. 致力于，献身于，专心于 be devoted to 致力于，专心于【举例】He devoted his life to literature. 专心致志于文学。 We shoul

3、d devote ourselves to the duties of our profession. 我们应当献身于我们的职责。【考点】 to 为介词，后加动词ing【拓展】 devoted adj. 热爱的，全心全意的 devotedly adv. 全心全意地【演练】1.All her time _the experiment ,she had no time to see the film.A.devote to do B.devoted to doingC.devoting to doing D.is devoted to do4. discover 【用法】vt. 发现，发觉Lets

4、 discover how the power of colour can change your moods! 让我们发现颜色的力量是怎样改变我们的情绪。【拓展】discovery n.发现；发觉【辨析】look for意为“寻找”，强调找的动作，是延续性动词，如句1。find意为“找到、发现、感到”，强调找的结果，是非延续性动词，find out意为“查明、发现、了解”，指经过认真观察、调查或研究把某事、某物查出来、搞清楚，多用于复杂而不容易直接查出的情况，discover意为“发现、发觉”，指发现某种情况或发现早已存在而未为人知的东【举例】请根据所给汉语意思，完成下列英语句子，每空词数不

5、限。1. 最后，我在床底下找到了那本书。I _ under the bed in the end.2. 我爸爸正到处找他的护照。My father _ his passport everywhere.3. 我们必须查明真相。We must _. 4. 你知道哥伦布什么时候发现了美洲吗？Do you know when Columbus _ America?5. divide 【用法】v. 分开；分配；【搭配】divideinto 把分成 be divided into 被分成 A year is divided into four seasons.一年分为四个季节。【拓展】divide与sep

6、arate的区别 1) divide 划分；把整体分成若干部分，常和介词into连用，如 eg. The world is divided into five continents. 2)separate 分隔；把原来连在一起或靠近的分隔开来，挑拣出来的意思;常和from连用，eg. The Taiwan Straits separates Taiwan from Fujian.【演练】Hospital staff burst into cheers after doctors completed a 20-hour operation to have _ one-year-old twins

7、 at the head. A isolated B separated C divided D removed6. doubt 【用法】vt./n. 怀疑 【搭配】There is no doubt that+句子/ of + n .毫无疑问 =without doubt There is some doubt about whether. 对.有疑问 have no doubt+ that从句 对.毫无怀疑 【活用】I doubt if he.will forgive me this time.【注意】当doubt前有否定词时，用that 引导从句；dont doubt that 若无否定

8、词时，后面用whether或if 引导从句。doubt if/ whether【演练】_ for us to discuss the problem again. It has already been settled. A. It has no doubt B. There has no doubt C. It is no need D. There is no need7. dress 【用法】vt.给穿衣服 n.服装【搭配】dress up as 装扮成 辨析：dress sb 给某人穿衣服【辨析】区别例子dress 指穿衣服的动作The mother dressed the baby

9、and took her to the park.be dressed in穿着，指状态：She is always dressed in the red dress.be in, 穿着，指状态：The boy in sports suit is his brother.put on穿上，指穿衣服的动作： Its raining now. Put on your raincoat.wear穿着，指状态。还可指戴眼镜，手套，手表，首饰She is wearing his necklace.have on穿着，指状态；He has on a green overcoat today. 【举例】Do

10、 you know the girl _ a red coat?A. dressed in B. had on C. wore D. put on8. face 【用法】v. 面对；面向 n. 脸；面孔;【搭配】1.face to face 面对面地。They stand face to face talking.他们面对面地站在那里谈着。 2.make a face at 向做鬼脸。 He made faces at the baby to make it laugh. 他向婴儿做鬼脸来逗他发笑。9. fail 【用法】v. 失败；忽视 I was very sad because I fa

11、iled the exam.我非常伤心因为我这次考试没及格。【搭配】fail in sth. 在某事物中失败 I passed in maths but failed in French. 我数学及格,但法语不及格。【拓展】n. failure 失败；不成功【举例】The open university was started in order to help those who _ having a university education when they were young. A. stopped B. failed C. missed D. ceasedC. missed. mis

12、s doing sth.没有做某事：I missed seeing the film when it was shown at school.(学校放映那部电影时，我没有能去看。)10. expect 【用法】v.预料；期望【搭配】expect to do expect sb. to do expect that 【辨析】expect, hope, wish, expect, want, desire和look forward to hope希望（结果容易实现） hope to do/hope thatwish希望，愿望（结果难以实现，常用在虚拟语气句中）wish to do/wish sb.

13、 to do/wish that/wish sthlook forward to doingdesire to do/ desire sb. to do/ desire sth./ desire thatwant to do/ want sb. to do/want sth【举例】The girl _ to be a good dancer if she is well trained in an art school. A. expects Ballows Cwishes Dpromises11. fall (fell, fallen) 【用法】v. 落下；摔倒； n. 秋天【搭配】1.fa

14、ll asleep 入睡 2. fall behind 落后 3. fall ill 患病，病倒 4. fall in love with 喜欢 I went to Shanghai last year and fell in love with it. 我去年去的上海，我喜欢上了这座城市。 5. fall off 摔倒 He fell off his bike. 他从车上摔了下来。【举例】 Babies often fall _when they are learning a walk. Our team seems to have fallen _the others. As soon a

15、s the enemies fell_, the people returned to their village. She fell _the bench and has her leg broken. We fell _laughing when we heard the joke. I have a little money in the bank to fall_. She _to telling us what had happened to her. It _to me to inform her of her sons death. Our plans have _ _becau

16、se of lack of money.12. familiar 【用法】adj. 熟悉的【搭配】be familiar with sb.I am familiar with some of the pop stars.我和一些明星熟悉。be familiar to sb 为某人所熟悉 【拓展】反义词：unfamiliar13. famous 【用法】adj. 著名的【搭配】1.be famous for因而著名 2. be famous as 作为身份而出名Einstein was famous as a great scientist. He was famous for his Theo

17、ry of Relativity.爱因斯坦以一位伟大的科学家而著称，他以他的相对论而闻名。 3. be famous to 为.所知14. far (farther, farthest /further, furthest)【用法】adv.远 adj.很，极，太 可修饰比较级【搭配】1. far away 很远，遥远。The new music teacher lives far away.新来的音乐教师住得很远。 2.as far as 就，至于。As far as I know, he has been to the town only once.据我所知，他只去过镇上一次。 3. so

18、far 迄今为止 So far the work has been easy到目前为止,这工作很容易。 4far from 远离The school is not far from here. 学校离这不远。【辨析】比较级farther/further 最高级farthest/furthest further study 进一步学习That park is farther than this one. 那个公园比这个远。15. forget【用法】vi. vt. 忘记【搭配】forget to do sth 忘记要做某事 forget doing sth 忘记做过某事Do not forget

19、 to bring your books here.不要忘记把你的书带来。【辨析】forget 意思是“忘记”某事，而leave则是将物品“遗留”在某地。I forget that we had met at a meeting before. 我忘了我们以前在一次会议上见过面。 I left the book in his house. 我把书忘在他家里了。【举例】He ran back into the room to see if he had anything _ behind.-A. forgotten B. laid C. remained D. left二. 重要句型句型11：t

20、he 比较级，the 比较级 The more one has，the more one wants越有越贪。 句型12：asadjadvas not as（so）adjadvas Do you think that art is as important as music？你认为艺术和音乐一样重要吗？ Last Sunday the weather was not so wet as it is today上个星期天的天气不如今天的天气潮湿。 句型13：morelessadjthan I think English is more useful than Japanese我认为英语比日语有用

21、。 I think art is less important than music我认为艺术不如音乐重要。 句型14：stopfrom doing sth The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from blowing the earth away绿色长城将阻挡风吹走土壤。 句型15：bothand Both you and I are students我和你都是学生。 句型16：eitheror Either you or he is wrong 不是你错就是他错。 句型17：neithernor Neither he nor I am a stu

22、dent我和他都不是学生。 句型18：as soon as As soon as I see him，Ill give him the message我一见到他，我就把你的消息告诉他。 句型19：soadjadvthat I was so tired that I didnt want to speak我累得连话也不想说了。 句型20：Though主句 Though I like writing to my pen-friend，it takes a lot of time虽然我喜欢给笔友写信，但它要耗费我大量时间。三. 重点语法形容词和副词I. 形容词：1. 形容词的位置：1) 形容词作定语

23、通常前置，但在下列情况后置：1修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时nobody absent, everything possible2以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后the best book available, the only solution possible3alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置the only person awake4和空间、时间、单位连用时a bridge 50 meters long5成对的形容词可以后置a h

24、uge room simple and beautiful6形容词短语一般后置a man difficult to get on with2) 多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序：代词数词性状形容词冠词前的形容词冠词指示代词不定代词代词所有格序数词基数词性质状态大小长短形状新旧温度颜色国籍产地材料质地名词allbothsuchtheathisanotheryoursecondnextonefourbeautifulgoodpoorlargeshortsquarenewcoolblackyellowChineseLondonsilkstone3) 复合形容词的构成：1形容词+名词+edkind-he

25、arted6名词+形容词world-famous2形容词+形容词dark-blue7名词+现在分词peace-loving3形容词+现在分词ordinary-looking8名词+过去分词snow-covered4副词+现在分词hard-working9数词+名词+edthree-egged5副词+过去分词newly-built10数词+名词twenty-yearII. 副词副词的分类：1时间副词soon, now, early, finally, once, recently5频度副词always, often, frequently, seldom, never2地点副词here, nea

26、rby, outside, upwards, above6疑问副词how, where, when, why3方式副词hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really7连接副词how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile4程度副词almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather8关系副词when, where, whyIII. 形容词和副词比较等级：形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节

27、和一些双音节词前加more 和most。1. 同级比较时常常用 asas以及not so(as)as如：I am not so good a player as you are.2. 可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。3. 表示一方随另一方变化时用“the morethe more”句型。如：The harder you work, the more progress you will make.4. 用比较级来表达最高级的意思。如：I

28、have never spent a more worrying day.5. 表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our school is four times the size of yours. 6. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect。四. 课后练习（一） 词汇填空1. They eat a lot of _(土豆).2.

29、Indiren can speak English well. But she is an _(意大利人).3. Would you like something _(别的)?4. Walk along the road and turn right at the third _(十字路口).5. It s about five _(天) work.6. Do you think it _(必需的) for us to learn to wait?7. A few minutes _(后), I saw the plane again.8. Its not a very good line. Could you speak more