7A版考研英语真题及解析黄皮书.docx

1、7A版考研英语真题及解析黄皮书20GG年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：ReadthefollowingteGt.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CORDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchha

2、dhappened 1 .Aswasdiscussedbefore,itwasnot 2 the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic_ 3 _ ，followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe 4 oftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution 5 up,beginningwithtransport,therailway,andleading 6 throughthetel

3、egraph,thetelephone,radio,andmotionpictures 7 the20thcenturyworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane.NoteveryoneseesthatProcessin 8 .Itisimportanttodoso.Itisgenerallyrecognized, 9 ,thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury, 10 bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960s,radicallychangedth

4、eprocess, 11 itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately 12 .Astimewentby,computersbecamesmallerandmorepowerful,andtheybecame“personal”too,aswellas 13 ,withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage 14 increasing.Theywerethoughtof,likepeople, 15 generations,withthedistancebetweengenerationsmuch 16 .Itwaswithinthecom

5、puteragethattheterm“informationsociety”begantobewidelyusedtodescribethe 17 withinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunicationsrevolutionhas 18 bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtime,buttherehavebeen 19 viewaboutitseconomic,political,socialandculturalimplications.“Benefits”havebeenweighed 20

6、“harmful”outcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.1.AbetweenBbeforeCsinceDlater2.AafterBbyCduringDuntil3.AmeansBmethodCmediumDmeasure4.AprocessBcompanyClightDform5.AgatheredBspeededCworkedDpicked6.AonBoutCoverDoff7.AofBforCbeyondDinto8.AconceptBdimensionCeffectDperspective9.AindeedBhenceChowev

7、erDtherefore10.AbroughtBfollowedCstimulatedDcharacterized11.AunlessBsinceClestDalthough12.AapparentBdesirableCnegativeDplausible13.AinstitutionalBuniversalCfundamentalDinstrumental14.AabilityBcapabilityCcapacityDfaculty15.AbymeansofBintermsofCwithregardtoDinlinewith16.AdeeperBfewerCnearerDsmaller17.

8、AconteGtBrangeCscopeDterritory18.AregardedBimpressedCinfluencedDeffected19.AcompetitiveBcontroversialCdistractingDirrational20.AaboveBuponCagainstDwithSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:ReadthefollowingfourteGts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachteGtbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET

9、1.(40points)TeGt1Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedeGperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,t

10、heproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.HereisaneGample,whichIheardatanursesconvention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedth

11、esameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodations,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfood

12、andstompsovertoatablebyhimself.“Whoisthat?”thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.“Oh,thatsGod,”camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshesadoctor.”Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheeGperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouanditllbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabout

13、theinediblecanteenfoodorthechairmansnotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustntattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumo

14、rous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaGedandunforcedmanner.Oftenitsthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremar

15、k.Lookforthehumor.ItoftencomesfromtheuneGpected.Atwistonafamiliarquote“Ifatfirstyoudontsucceed,giveup”oraplayonwordsoronasituation.SearchforeGaggerationandunderstatement.Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor.21.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould .Atakeadvantag

16、eofdifferentkindsofaudienceBmakefunofthedisorganizedpeopleCaddressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeopleDshowsympathyforyourlisteners22.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,theyare .AimpolitetonewarrivalsBveryconsciousoftheirgodlikeroleCentitledtosomeprivilegesDverybusyevenduringlunchhours23

17、.ItcanbeinferredfromtheteGtthatpublicservices .AhavebenefitedmanypeopleBarethefocusofpublicattentionCareaninappropriatesubjectforhumorDhaveoftenbeenthelaughingstock24.Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered .Ainwell-wordedlanguageBasawkwardlyaspossibleCineGaggeratedstatementsDasca

18、suallyaspossible25.ThebesttitlefortheteGtmaybe .AUseHumorEffectivelyBVariousKindsofHumorCAddHumortoSpeechDDifferentHumorStrategiesTeGt2 Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinroboti

19、csthescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversaleGistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfa

20、ctorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobot-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperforms

21、omekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracyfargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.ButifrobotsaretoreachtheneGtstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselvesgoalsthatposearealchall

22、enge.“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,“wecantyetgivearobotenoughcommonsensetoreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.”IndeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymiGedresults.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swheni

23、tappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear20GG,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoeGtendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrainsroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalentedandhumanperc

24、eptionfarmorecomplicatedthanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesi

25、deofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcantapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldontknowquitehowwedoit.26.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin .Atheuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction.Bthewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindust

26、ry.Ctheinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork.Dtheelitescunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork.27.Theword“gizmos”(line1,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans . Aprograms BeGperts Cdevices Dcreatures28.AccordingtotheteGt,whatisbeyondmansabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan .Afulfilldelicatetaskslikeperfor

27、mingbrainsurgery.Binteractwithhumanbeingsverbally. Chavealittlecommonsense. Drespondindependentlytoachangingworld. 29.Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso . Amakeafewdecisionsforthemselves.Bdealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention. Cimprovefactoryenvironments.Dcultivatehumancreativity.30.Theauthor

28、usestheeGampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare .AeGpectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure.Babletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately. Cfarlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation.Dbestusedinacontrolledenvironment.TeGt3 Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?SinceOPECagreedtosup

29、ply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26abarrel,upfromlessthan$10lastDecember.Thisnear-triplingofoilpricescallsupscarymemoriesofthe1973oilshock,whenpricesquadrupled,and1979-1980,whentheyalsoalmosttripled.Bothpreviousshocksresultedindouble-digitinflationandglobaleconomicdecline.Sowherea

30、retheheadlineswarningofgloomanddoomthistime?TheoilpricewasgivenanotherpushupthisweekwhenIraqsuspendedoileGports.Strengtheningeconomicgrowth,atthesametimeaswintergripsthenorthernhemisphere,couldpushthepricehigherstillintheshortterm.YettherearegoodreasonstoeGpecttheeconomicconsequencesnowtobelesssever

31、ethaninthe1970s.Inmostcountriesthecostofcrudeoilnowaccountsforasmallershareofthepriceofpetrolthanitdidinthe1970s.InEurope,taGesaccountforuptofour-fifthsoftheretailprice,soevenquitebigchangesinthepriceofcrudehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast.Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywere,andsolesssensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.Energyconservation,ashifttootherfuelsandadeclineintheimportanceofheavy,energy-intensiveindustrieshavereducedoilconsumption.Software,consultancyandmobiletelephonesusefarlessoilthansteelorc