初中英语语法专题2代词.docx

1、初中英语语法专题2代词初中英语语法专题2：代词代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语和句子的词.英语中代词可分为人称代词 ,物主代词 ,反身代词,相互代词 ,指示代词,不定代词,连接代词,疑问代词和关系代词.考点1.人称代词人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称He ,she , ithim ,her，ittheythem2.人称代词的用法（1）第一人称I 代表说话者，须大写。如：Thats what I want.I cant know Japanese at all.（2）并列人称代词的次序几个人称代词并列时,一般是第二,第三人称在前,第一人

2、称在后,但we除外.但在表示承担责任时,通常将第一人称放在句首。如：you and I you ,he and I he and I we and you you and he we and they he and she we, you and they（3）人称代词做主语的时候用主格，作宾语时候用宾格，做表语时候用宾格较多。如： He is a doctor.Do you know him? Who is there? Its me.(4) it的用法a.代表前面提到过的事物，如：My pen is missing.I cant find it anywhere.b.用来指人,主要指婴儿或

3、身份不明的人.The woman had a baby.It is ten months old.Who is knocking at the door? Its me.c.表示时间,距离,天气,季节等.What time is it ? Its nine. It was cloudy yesterday. Its only half an hours walk from here to our school. Its summer now.d.作形式主语或形式宾语.I found it difficult to learn English at first. Its important to

4、 protect our environment.【拓展训练】1. Isnt it amazing how the human body heals _after an injury?A. himself B. him C. itself D. it2. Is that schoolbag? No. is white.A. his, His B. her, His C. he, His D. her, Her3. He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held.A. this B. that C. it D. the

5、se4. The chairman thought _ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.A. that B. it C. this D. him5. The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than _ in the newspaper. A. it B. those C. one D. that6. - How long are you staying? - I dont know. _. A. Thats OK B. N

6、ever mind C. It depends D. It doesnt matter7. -Do you know _ this dictionary belongs to? -Let me see. Oh, its _.A. who does, mine B. who, me C. whose, mine D. who, mine8. 一 Hi, Jim! Is this your bike or Marys? Its mine, not .A. her B. him C. his D. hers9Kate and I are going to the concert this weeke

7、ndDad will take_ thereAit Byou Cus D. them10-Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.-Why_? John is sitting there doing nothing.A.him B.he C.I D.me11. Excuse me, are these _ new shoes? No, they arent. _ are black over there.A. your; Mine B. my; Your C. her; Her D. mine; Yours12.The English

8、spoken in the United States is only slightly different from _ spoken in England.A. it B. what C. that D. the one13. The pet cat in your hand is very nice. Is it _? Yes, but Ill give it to my friend Lucy as _ birthday present.A. you; her B. your; her C. yours; her D. you; hers14. Where did you go for

9、 your winter vacation? My family went to Paris._ had a great time. A. He B. She C. We d. They15.Healthy food and exercise help _to study better.A. us B. we C. our16.Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.What do you think of over there?A. the one B. this C.it D.that考点2. 物主代词1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词.它

10、又分为形容词性和名词性物主代词.种类单数复数第一人 称第二人 称第三人称第一人 称第二人 称第三人 称形容词性myyourhis/her/itsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshis/hers/itsoursyourstheirs2.物主代词的用法(1). 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,放在名词之前作定语,不能独立使用.如:Their children are playing games over there.(2).名词性物主代词相当于名词,也相当于,可以作主语,宾语或表语,后面不能加名词.The desk is mine. My watch is old,but his i

11、s new. You can use my bike.Ill use hers.考点3.反身代词（反身代词表示谓语动词的动作返回行为主体本身，或起强调作用；它与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系。在人称、性别、数上应保持一致,用作宾语、表语、同位语，但是不能用作主语） 1.反身代词的基本形式人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself,herself,itselfthemselves2.反身代词的用法(1).反身代词作宾语,表示动作的承受者是动作执行者本身.They enjoyed themselves at the par

12、ty.We teach ourselves English.(2).反身代词作主语或宾语的同位语,用来加强语气.I myself can work out the problem=I can work out the problem myselfYou can go and ask the teacher himself.(3) 作介词的宾语The young man is old enough to take care of himself.He thought of others instead of himself.(4) 作表语 ，如：The poor boy was myself.(

13、5) 带有反身代词的常用短语。teach oneself自学 help oneself to随便吃些吧 say to oneself自言自语 learnby oneself自学 enjoy oneself过得愉快 leave one by oneself把某人单独留下hurt oneself伤了自己 dress oneself自己穿衣服 come to oneself苏醒过来边学边练，轻松夺冠！请同学们做下面的练习！1. -Do the interesting story-books belong to _? -No, they are the _. A. yours, twins B. yo

14、u, twins C. you, twins D. yours, twins2. -Why dont we take a little break? -Didnt we just have _? A. it B. that C. one D. this3. On my desk is a photo that my father took of when I was a baby. A. him B. his C. me D. mine4. -I like red best. What about _? -My favourite colour is orange. It represents

15、 joy. A. you B. her C. him D. it5. -Their library is very beautiful. -I think so, but it is not as big as _. A. we B. us C. our D. ours6. -Excuse me, is this _ new camera? -Yes, its _. A. your, my B. your, mine C. yours, my D. yours, mine 7. Treat to a glass of wine to help you relax at the end of t

16、he day.Aone Boneself Cyou Dyourself8. Friends like you make _ a lot easier to get along in a new place.A. me B. that C. you D. it 、9. Who is the best friend of _ at school? I think Helen is. We often help each other. A. mine B. his C. yours D. hers10. Who taught you to play volleyball? -Nobody, I le

17、arnt it by _.A. me B. my C. Myself11. Is this the Greens house? -No. _ is over there. A. His B. Their C. Theirs D. Them12. What do you think of the street?-Very beautiful. There are many tall trees on _ side of it.A. either B. both C. every 13. Excuse me. Is this _ book, Kangkang? -No, its not _. A.

18、 yours, mine B. your, mine C. your, my考点4.指示代词（是用来指示人或事物的代词，在句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语。）1.指示代词有this,that,these,those,such,same2.指示代词的用法(1).that和those常用来代替前面出现的人,事,物,以免重复.that可代替可数名词和不可数名词;those可代替复数名词.The spring in Qingdao is much more beautiful than that in Jinan.His father was ill.Thats why he didnt come.The

19、 students in our school are more than those in No.5 Middle School.(2).在打电话时,英语中常用this代替自己,that代替对方.A: May I speak to Mr Zhang,please?B: This is Zhang Ming speaking. Whos that ?(3)such表示如此这样的人或事; same表示同样的人或事,前面必须加the.I have never seen such a beautiful mountain .Such is our study plan. They left for

20、Nanjing on the same day. He is the same age as his wife.【牛津】He and I said the same.【牛津】考点5.相互代词用来表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词.相互代词有each other和one another,所有格形式是each others /one anothers,两者常可互换.We should help each other.(作宾语)Do they know each others/one anothers friends(作定语) 他们认识对方的朋友吗?考点6 不定代词 （是指不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的

21、代词。） 1.不定代词主要有：each, every,both,all,either,neither,none, one,few , little,many,much, other,another,some,any,no以及some,any,no和every构成的合成词。2.不定代词的用法（1）some,any,something,anythingsome（修饰或代替单复数名词或不可数名词）和something多用于肯定句中,也可用于疑问句。如：Theres some ice in the fridge.【牛津】You left some money on the table.【牛津】Why

22、dont you give her some flowers?【牛津】 I have something to ask you.There is something under the table.【牛津】I want something to eat.Have you got something I could read ?【牛津】any（修饰或代替单、复数名词或不可数名词）和anything一般用于否定句,疑问句和条件句中。如：I havent read any books by Tolstoy.【牛津】I didnt eat any meat.【牛津】Do you know any fr

23、ench ? 【牛津】Please ask the teacher if you have any questions.Did she tell you anything interesting?【牛津】any,anything也可用于肯定句，any表示“任何”（用于三者或三者以上），anything表示“任何事、任何东西”,如：We did the job without any difficulty.Take any book you like.【牛津】Give me a pen-any pen will do.【牛津】Phone me any day next week.【牛津】Im v

24、ery hungry, Ill eat anything.【牛津】（2）both,neither,either,all,noneboth,neither,either这三个词都只限于两者，both表示“两者都”多 用于肯定句，有时候也用于否定句如：You cant have it both ways.（习语）二者不可得兼。neither同both互为反义词，表示“两者都不”，either表示“两者之中任何一个”（或用于否定句句末，表示“也”）,如：Both of his parents are workers. Neither answer is correct. Either day is

25、OK. He didnt know the answer ,either.You can park on either side of the street.【牛津】all和none互为反义词，都用于三者或三者以上，all表示“全部，一切”，none表示“没有任何人或物”，两者都可修饰或指代可数名词及不可数名词。none作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用复数。但none后的名词是不可数名词时必须用单数。如：None of us know/knows him None of this money is mine.【牛津】All the students are here.none用于回答h

26、ow many,how much提问的问题，而no one,nobody常用于回答who提问的问题，nothing常用于what提问的问题。(3)many,much,(a) few, (a) littlemany,(a)few修饰可数名词复数，much (a) little修饰不可数名词，a few ,a little表肯定“有几个，有点”，few ,little表否定“没多少，很少”。A few of us have been to Qingdao. He says much,but does little. Dont worry.There is a little time left He

27、 has few friends, does he ? Did you see many people there?(4) 辨析other,the other,others,the others，another,oneother泛指“另外的或其他的人或物”，常作定语。如：Do you have any other question(s)?others泛指“另一些人或物”，意思是other ones，可以作主语或宾语.There are some children in the park.Some are singing and others are dancing.the other特指“两者

28、中的另一个人或物”。常与one对照使用。I have two pencils.One is short,the other is long.Shut the other eye, too.the others特指一定范围内剩下的全部“其余的几个人或物”。He is cleverer than the others in his class.another泛指三者或三者以上不定数目中的“另一个”只可修饰或代替单数名词。I dont want this one, give me another , please.one用来代替前面刚提到的人或物，以免重复，复数形式ones，也可以泛指“人们、任何人

29、”如：Do you have a bike? Yes, I have a new one.注意：1)another+基数词+复数名词=基数词+more+复数名词,another和 more表示“还，再”但当基数词是one时，名词要用单数。I want one more apple.There are ten more holes to be dug.=There are another ten holes to be dug.2)one 与it 的区别：one用于代替同一名称的另一件东西；it用于代替同一名称的同一件东西3）the other day/night意为“几天前的一天/一个晚上（5

30、）当不定代词作主语或主语的定语时的主谓一致谓语动词用复数时包含下列不定代词：both,many,others,the others,(a) few,all/some谓语动词用单数时包含下列不定代词：either,neither,each,every,one,(a) little,much,all/some、some、every、no、any构成的合成词。如：Everyone is here.No one is away. Everything goes well.当none作主语时，谓语动词单复数皆可。注意：当形容词或else修饰由some,every,no,any构成的合成词时，应置于被修饰词之后。如：Is there anything new in todays newspaper? Would you like something else ?边学边练，轻松夺冠！请同学们做下面的练习！1. The mayor has offered a reward of $