新版沪版初中牛津初中英语八年级上册 Unit1精编学案与习题.docx

1、新版沪版初中牛津初中英语八年级上册 Unit1精编学案与习题Unit 1 Encyclopaedias 词汇Date:_ name:_【知识要点】必记单词：encyclopaedia 百科全书 dinosaur 恐龙 human 人的 Italian 意大利人 perhaps 可能，大概 inventor 发明家 invention 发明 musician 音乐家 notebook 笔记本 scientist 科学家 include 包括，包含 born 出生 even 甚至 countryside 乡村，农村 however 然而 intelligence 才智，智慧 suddenly 突然

2、，忽然 artistic 有艺术天赋的 nobody 没有人 ability 才能，能力 fossil 化石 win 获胜，赢 dollar 美元必记短语:listen to 听 learn about 了解到 talk about 谈论 be born 出生in the countryside 在乡村，在农村 human being 人 for example 例如 die out 灭绝，消失 at the end of 在.的尽头，在.的末尾 more than 多于 used to 过去常常 know about 知道关于.的情况one day 有一天 be famous for 因.而

3、出名 so much 如此多find out 了解到，弄清 by the window 在窗户旁边 next to 挨着 be interested in 对.感兴趣 be sure 确信 go for a walk 去散步 in the mountains 在山上 do with 处理 in the newspaper 在报纸上 all kinds of 各种各样的 a number of 许多，大量 since then 自从那时 be made up of 由.组成，构成 connect.to 把.和.连接起来词汇解析：1、human 人的，也写作human beingDogs can

4、hear much better than humans. 狗的听觉比人灵敏的多。2、learn about 获悉，得知，了解到about是介词，后面接名词，代词做宾语，about 也可用of代替。例：Were all sorry to learn about her illness. 听到她生病的消息，我们都很难过。3、listen to 意为“听”，若表示听某人或某事时，后面要加介词to，to后接名词或代词。listen 意为“听”，指听的过程，强调动作，是不及物动词，不能直接跟宾语。 例：Listen to a radio programme about the “Human Encyc

5、lopedia”.听关于“百科全书”的广播节目。4、inventor 发明家 eg: He is a famous inventor. 他是一位有名的发明家。【拓展】（1）invent v. 发明、创造，指发明、创造出来的是以前没有的东西。Gilbert discovered electricity，but Edison invented the light bulb.吉尔伯特发现了电，但爱迪生发明了灯泡。（2）invention n. 发明 The invention of the computer marked the beginning of a new era.计算机的发明标志着一个新

6、时代的开始。5、musician 音乐家，可数名词。a piece of music 一首音乐 listen to music 听音乐【拓展】music n. 音乐，乐曲 musical adj. 音乐的6、scientist 科学家【拓展】-ist是表示人的职业类词汇的后缀：scient 科学scientist 科学家 art 艺术artist 艺术家piano 钢琴pianist 钢琴家 violin 小提琴violinist 小提琴家7、born 出生 be born on +地点 ；be born in出生于I was born in 1980. 我生于1980年。8、ability

7、才能，能力，复数是abilities have the ability to do sth有能力做某事9、perhaps 可能，大概 【词语辨析】maybe ，perhaps，possible，probably这四个词都意为“可能”，但表示可能性大小不一样，其顺序如下：maybe或许，大概，主要用于非正式场合，常用于口语中，语气比perhaps轻。perhaps也许，可能，副词，一般指小于一半可能性，较多的含有“不大可能”的意思。possibly也许，或者，可能，可能性较大，用于否定句中表示“无论如何之意。probably很可能，大概，在这组中可能性最大，表示一种几乎完全肯定的意思。10、in

8、clude 包括，包含 The price of the room includes breakfast. 房间的租金包括在早餐在内。【词语辨析】include , including , included（1）include vt. 包含、包括，指整体包含部分，不一定举出所包含的全部内容。The price includes both house and furniture. 价钱包括房子和家具（2）including 介词，意为“包含，包括”，区别于included，放在名词之前。There are seven people, including four men. 共有七人，包括四位男士

9、。（3）included adj. 包括在内的，常用于名词之后。它和including引起的短语含义相同，但是在句中的位置不同。Everybody had something to say, me included/ including me.11、nobody 没有人，nobody = not . anybody.I saw nobody. = I didnt see anybody. 我没有见到一个人。12、more than 后接数词，意为“超过，多于 ，相当于overHe has been ill for more than two weeks. 他病了两周多。13、look up 查

10、找，后面接名词或代词，代词做宾语必须放在look与up之间。Please look it up in the dictionary, if you dont know. 如果你不明白就请查字典。14、on earth 在地球上，在世界上，在人间，相当于in the world.Dinosaurs lived on earth more than 60 million years before human beings.在人类之前，恐龙在地球上生活了6千多万年。【拓展】on earth 意为“究竟”。一般用于疑问词后表示强调Where on earth have you been just no

11、w？ 刚才你究竟去哪了？15、as+形容词或副词原级+as 和一样not as +形容词或副词原级+as 表示双方在某个方面不同。We think science is as important as maths. 我们认为自然科学和数学一样重要。16、used to 意为“过去常常，以前常常”，后面接动词原形，表示过去的习惯，只表示过去和现在的对比，暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态。I used to be afraid of the dark. 我过去常常怕黑。17、something important 意为重要的事情，something 为不定代词，形容词修饰复合不定代词时放在不定代词后

12、面。I want to do something different. 我想做些不同的事。18、remember vt. 记得，记住remember to do sth 意为“记得去做某事”/remember doing sth 意为“记得做过某事”。Please remember to post the letter for me. 请记得为我邮这封信。I remember telling you about her. 我记得告诉过你关于她的事。19、famous 出名的，著名的sb + be famous for 指某人因某种知识，技能或特征而出名。 sb + be famous as 指

13、某人以某种身份出名，其后的介词宾语与主语是同位成分。Einstein was famous for his Theory of Relativity. 爱因斯坦以他的相对论而闻名Einstein was famous as a great scientist. 爱因斯坦以一位伟大的科学家而著称。20、else 意为“别的，其他的”，通常修饰不定代词something，特殊疑问代词what、 when、who等，并放在这些词之后。Who else did you see? 你还看见别人了吗？21、for example 与 such as都是“例如”的意思。for example 用来举例说明某

14、一论点或情况，一般只列举同类人或事物中的“一个”为例，做插入语，可放在句首，句中或句末，一般用逗号隔开。such as 用来举例，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个为例，插在被列举的事物与名词之间，as后面不可有逗号。For example, Ill help you with your study. 例如，我会在学习上帮助你。I know many of them, such as Mike, Tom ,and Bill.22、win 赢、获胜，后面接match, game, prize 等名词做宾语。He won a game yesterday. 他昨天得了赢了一场比赛。【词汇辨析】beat

15、也可表示“打败，战胜”的意思，但此后只能接表示人的词做宾语，此外，beat还有“敲打”的意思，表示连续不断的动作。We werent sure we could beat them. 我们没有把握能打败他们。His heart is still beating. 他的心脏还在跳动。23、find out 意为“查明，弄清楚情况”指找出比较难找的抽象事物。【拓展】find强调经过寻找后的结果，表示“发现”find out 意为“发现、弄清、查明”，强调“经过调查，研究或仔细搜寻而得出某一事情的真相或结论”look for 意为“寻找”，着重找的过程。I find a watch on the r

16、oad. 我在路上发现了一块表。We shall find out the truth early or later. 我们迟早会查明真相。I look for my cat, but I didnt find it. 我到处找我的猫，但是没找到。24、expect 及物动词，意为“期望、指望、认为” 【拓展】expect强调等待的“心境”（即期待某事会发生，某人会来）。wait for 强调等待的“活动”（即不做别的事，待在某处去等）look forward to 强调期待者“怀有愉快的心情”，所以被期待的事物必然是愉快的事（如假日、晚会等），而expect所期待发生的事，可以是好事，也可以

17、是坏事。He is expecting a letter. 他在等一封信。I ll wait for her at the station. 我会到车站去等他。We are looking forward to our holidays. 我们盼望假日的来临。25、be interested in 对.产生兴趣，对.感兴趣。后面接动名词、名词或代词。26、do with 意为“处理”，常与what 连用，表示询问。What are you going to do with your old books? 你打算怎么处理你的旧书。【拓展】 deal with 意为“解决、应付、处理”，后面常接t

18、rouble，problem等词，deal with多与how连用，表示询问。How did you deal with your book? 你怎样处理了你的书？27、a number of 意为“许多”，后跟可数名词复数。the number of 意为“.的数目”，做主语时，谓语动词用单数。Our city has a number of buildings. 我市有许多建筑。The number of the teachers in our school is 200. 我们学校有200位老师。28、since then 意为“从那时起”，用于现在完成时。Since then he h

19、as lived in Beijing.29、make up “组成，构成”，其被动形式：be made up of.Nine players make up a team.The audience was made up of very young children.【典型例题】一、根据汉语提示完成句子1. I was _(出生）in a small village.2. Im planning to spend some time in the beautiful _(乡村).I love nature.3. He has the _(能力）to be the manager .4. _(

20、也许）Ill see him tomorrow,but Im not sure.5. I think the most helpful_(发明) is the light bulb.6. _(甚至）a child can understand it.7. My house is small .Its very comfortable,_(然而）.8. _(突然）there was a loud noise .9. I opened the the door ,but I could see_(无人）.二、用所给词的适当形式填空10. The Chinese _(inventor) the co

21、mpass(指南针）.11. She likes listening to _(musician).12. My favorite subject is _(scientist).13. Youll find the plan _(include) most of your suggestions.14. Their daughter is very _(intelligence).三、根据汉语意思完成句子15、他下决心查明那个男孩发生了什么事情。He decided to _ what had happened to the boy.16、让我们去寻找答案。Lets go and _ _ t

22、he answers.17、我们确信能帮这个男孩找到家人。We _ _ _ we can help the boy find his family.18、我们应该互相学习。We should _ _ each other.19、我们将怎样处理这个问题？What shall we _ _ this problem?20、地上有许多蚂蚁。 There are _ _ _ ants on the ground.【随堂小测】一、根据汉语意思完成句子1、我很高兴帮你了解中国。I am glad to help you _ _China.2、我经常听收音机学习英语。I often _ _ _ and le

23、arn English.3、我们学校有三千多名学生。There are _ _ three thousand students in our school.4、关于中国文学你了解多少？How much do you _ _ the Chinese literature.5、例如，约翰就有相同的观点。_ _, John has the same opinion.6、如果你不认识这个单词，可以在字典中查找它。If you dont know this word , you can _ _ _in the dictionary.7、地球上有上百万种生物。There are millions of l

24、iving things _ _.8、我们学校有许多花，一些是红的，另一些是黄的。There are many flowers in our school; _are red; _are yellow.9、他和哥哥一样高。He is _ _ _his brother.10、我希望有一天能参观夏威夷。I hope to visit Hawaii _ _.二、用适当的介词或副词填空1、Please connect the printer _the computer.2、At the end _this road, you can see a supermarket.3、Because of the

25、 environment problems, many kinds of animals have died _.4、China is famous _the Great Wall.5、Yao Ming is famous _ a basketball player.【强化训练】单项填空1. Its nearly nine oclock and father will _ walk in at any moment.A. is possibly to B. maybe to C. probably D. perhaps to2. The band played many songs,_some

26、 of my favorite.A. including B. included C. include D. to include 3. Now the air in our hometown is _ it used to be. Something must to be done to stop it. A. very good B. much better C. rather bad D. even worse4. The plan is all right._, it can be made better.A. then B. however C. and D. or5. -Who h

27、elped you repair the MP4? -_, I repaired it all by myself.A. somebody B. nobody C. anybody D. everybody6. Gina was born _1999, She is old enough to go to school.A. to B. on C. at D. in7. The ice in the lake is as _ as it was before.A. Thin B. thinner C. thinnest D. the thinnest 8. He _ be a _ boy.A.

28、 would, quiet B. used to ,quite C.was, quiet D. used to,quiet 9. -What are you going to give your mother for her birthday? - Im not sure, but Ill buy her_ .A. something special B. anything specialC. special something D. special anything10. China is very _the Great Wall and pandas.A. famous as B. fam

29、ous for C. ready to D. ready for Unit 1 Encyclopaedias 语法Date:_ name:_【知识要点】一、some 和anysome 和any都可以修饰可数名词复数或者不可数名词，表示“一些.”,但是二者在用法上还是有一定的区别的。 1、some一般用于肯定句或者表示建议请求并希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中。 David has some friends in shanghai. May I have some chicken? Would you like some noodles?2、any一般用于否定句和疑问句中，用于never, hardly, without等词之后，用于if / whether之后。 Mary hasnt hardly got any pens. Let us hope we can settle the matter without any more trouble.Do you have any question?二、复合不定代词复合不定代词 一般是用some, any, no, every与one, thing, body组合构成的。1、一般来说，some构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句