Unit OneWords and Expressions.docx

1、Unit One Words and ExpressionsUnit One Words and Expressionsoff and on (or on and off): from time to time; now and again; irregularly- It has been raining on and off for a week. Thats why the clothes feel damp.- As her patient slept soundly during the night, Nurse Betty was able to doze off and on i

2、n a bedside chair.take hold: become established - The idea of one child has taken hold in many Chinese families.- 老习惯是很难摆脱的。这就是为什么你要在习惯养成前戒烟。(Old habits die hard. Thats why you should stop smoking before the habit takes hold.)bore: vt. make (sb.) feel tired and lose interest- The speaker went on and

3、 on, and the audience grew bored by his speech.- Tom Sawyer grew bored with painting the garden fence, so he thought of a way to make others paint for him.Collocation:a crashing bore 讨厌至极的人/事a frightful bore 讨厌得要命的家伙an insufferable bore 讨厌得令人无法忍受的人an utter bore 极惹人厌烦的事associate: vt. join or connect

4、together; connect or bring in the mind- 我们总是把埃及与金字塔联系起来。(We often associate Egypt with pyramids.)- I cant associate this gentle young woman with the radical political essays she has written.- Jim wished to forget everything associated with his former life.turn out:1) come out or gather as for a meet

5、ing, public event, etc.2) prove to be3) shut off4) produce; makeMatch the above definitions with the sentences below.- A large group of protesters have turned out. (1)- The school has turned out some great scholars. (4)- Turn out the light before you go to bed. (3)- The plan turned out a failure. (2

6、)- We are to turn out 100,000,586 computers next year to meet the market requirements. (4)- The experiment turned out to be a success. (2)- Crowds turned out for the procession. (1)anticipate: vt. expect (usu. followed by gerund or that-clause)- The police had anticipated trouble from the soccer fan

7、s and were at the ground in large numbers.- 他们预测到2012年死于艾滋病的人数将增加一倍。(They anticipate that deaths from AIDS will have doubled by 2012.)N.B. 该动词所接的宾语可以是动名词，不可用不定式代替。- We anticipate running into problems in carrying out the medical welfare reform.- We anticipate hearing from you again.tedious: adj. bor

8、ing and lasting for a long time- The movie was so tedious that many viewers left before it was over.- Laura found George to be tedious and decided not to see him anymore.reputation: (an) opinion (about sb. or sth.)held by others- Premier Zhu Rongji has a high reputation as a statesman in the world.-

9、 She has the reputation of being a good doctor.- The company has a worldwide reputation for quality.inspire: vt. fill (sb.) with confidence, eagerness, etc.- Martin Luther King, Jr.s speeches inspired people to fight for equal treatment of African Americans.- The last leaf on the tree that never fel

10、l off inspired the dying patient with the will to live on.Collocation:inspire sth. in sb .(= inspire sb. with sth.) 使某人产生某种感情；激发某人的某种感情rigid: adj. (often disapproving) fixed in behavior; based on correct or accepted rules- 如果他从前对事情不那么严格苛刻的话，他女儿就不会这么年轻就离家出走了。(If he had been a little less rigid about

11、things, his daughter would not have left home at such a young age.)- The rigid headmaster would button up his clothes even on the hottest days.prim:(usu.disapproving)(of a person) too formal or correct in behavior and showing a dislike of anything rude- You cant tell the joke to her. She is very pri

12、m and proper.primly:ad-We sat primly at either end of the long sofa.She sipped her white wine primly.severe: adj. 1) completely plain- The widow wore a severe black dress to her husbands funeral.- 海明威以其朴实的写作风格而闻名于世。(Hemingway is known for his severe writing style.)2) stern; strict- Only those who ha

13、ve undergone severe training can be accepted into the air force.- Fu Lei was so severe with his son that even his wife would cry.3) causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, etc.- The severe chest pain experienced by the Vice-President proved to be a heart attack.- 工厂必须生产出更新更好的产品，才能在激烈的商业竞争形势中获胜。(

14、A factory must turn out newer and better products to win in the climate of severe business competition.)CF: severe, stern & strictsevere 作“严厉”解时，可以用来形容人（severe father 严厉的父亲），人的面貌（severe look 严厉的神色），人的态度（The teacher is severe with his students. 教师对学生很严厉。）。stern 与 severe 相近，但用途比较窄，一般用于人的容貌或态度。例如：a ste

15、rn father 和 a severe father 都可以用，但含义稍有不同：a severe father指对于子女有严厉的要求，积极的意义较多；a stern father 则指对子女不含温情，要他们服从，消极的意味较多。 strict 相当于汉语的 “严格的”，须先假定有一种客观的标准（如规章、纪律、定义、真理等）。例如：- The teacher is strict with his students.- There is a strict regulation against smoking in the auditorium.tackle: vt. deal with- Tos

16、hiba (东芝) recently designed a robot that can tackle almost any kinds of housework.- The question set by the teacher was so difficult that the pupils did not know how to tackle it.simple-minded: showing very little intelligence- a simple-minded approach to the problem- narrow-minded 心胸狭窄的 - broad-min

17、ded 气量大的- noble-minded 高尚的due: 1) expected or scheduled to arrive or be ready-The next train to Nanjing is due to leave at ten.The young man is due to appear in the court next Monday.2) to be paid or returned- When is the rent due?face up to: be brave enough to accept or deal with (a problem or diff

18、iculty)- Yeltsin faced up to the fact that he was no longer fit for the Russian presidency and resigned on New Years Eve.- 既然你女儿已经诞生了，你就要承担起做父亲的责任。(Now that your daughter was born, youll have to face up to the responsibilities of being a father.)scan: look through quickly-I scanned the newspaper whi

19、le I waited for the train.The banker scanned the financial section of a dozen newspapers over breakfast.Scan the table of contents and tell me how many chapters are on child development.sequence: n. connected line of events, ideas, etc.- 连续的歉收（bad harvest）迫使一些非洲国家请求外国援助（foreign aid）。(A sequence of b

20、ad harvests forced some African countries to ask for foreign aid.)- The Fall of the Roman Empire was written in historical sequence.CF: sequence & seriessequence 是指“先后衔接的次序”。这种次序可以是历史性的，即事态发生时的先后次序；也可以是逻辑性的，即论点先后的衔接，相当于汉语的“语无伦次”中的“伦次”。例如：- I have a poor memory for dates and often mix up the sequence

21、 of events. (我记日期的能力很差，常把事情的先后次序弄混。)- Your argument lacks logical sequence, for your second point does not follow the first. (你的论据缺乏逻辑顺序，因为你的第二点与第一点衔接不上。)series 是指“系列”、“组”，可以有先后衔接的次序，也可以没有，但一系列或一组的东西一定自成一个完整的单位。例如：- Professor Li will give a series of lectures on the Middle East issue. (李教授将就中东问题做一系列

22、的讲座。)- The post office has issued a series of stamps commemorating the Olympic Games. (邮政局发行了一组纪念奥运会的邮票。)Collocation:in sequence 顺次，挨次in rapid sequence 紧接着，一个接着一个in regular sequence 按次序，有条不紊the sequence of events 事情的先后顺序recall: vt. bring back to the mind; remember (usu. followed by noun / gerund, or

23、 that-clause)- I recognize the face but cant recall her name.- I dont recall ever meeting her.- She recalled that she had to see the doctor again that afternoon.CF: recall, remember & remind 这三个词都与“记忆”有关，前两个词有时可通用。recall“想起”，把忘记的东西又想起来了，其动作包含有意识的努力，因此常与 can，could 等词连用，强调一次的回忆。例如：- Try as I might, I

24、could not recall where I had left the book. (我怎么也想不起来我把书丢在哪里了。)- I remember her face but I cannot recall where I met her. (我记得她的脸，但是想不起在什么地方见过她。)remember “想起”，用处比较广泛，指事物自然在记忆中出现，不包含努力或意志。例如：- I suddenly remembered I had left the book in the library. (我突然想起我把书忘在图书馆里了。)如果 remember 表示有意识的行动，常指“记住”。例如：-

25、 You must remember this phone number. (你必须记住这个电话号码。)remind 指“使某人想起”，“提醒”，宾语是人。具体用法如下：1) 接宾语； 2) 接宾语+of+宾语；3) 接宾语+不定式；4) 接宾语+that-clause。 例如：1) If I forget it, please remind me. (如果我忘了，请提醒我。)2) This reminds me of last year. (这使我想起去年的事。)3) Remind me to write to my Mom. (提醒我给妈妈写信。)4) The sight of the c

26、lock reminded me that I was late. (看到钟我想起自己迟到了。)argument: n.1) a disagreement; a quarrel- Mary found that compromise was always the best policy when she had an argument with her husband.2) a reason given to support or disprove sth.- There are many arguments against smoking.- 那位著名的教授总能把论点讲透彻。(The fam

27、ous professor can always drive home an argument.)Collocation:get into an argument 加入/卷入争论break off an argument 中断一场争论terminate an argument 结束一场争论settle an argument 解决一场争论a bitter / violent / heated argument 激烈的争论put forward / offer an argument 提出论点confute an argument 驳倒一个论点respectable: (of behavior,

28、 appearance, etc.) socially acceptable- Its not respectable to get drunk in the street.-a respectable married couple, a man of respectable appearance, children from respectable homesCF: respectful: The students are respectful to the teacher.respected: 受人尊敬的respectable: 一种受人尊敬的可能性,现实上未必respectedrespe

29、ctive: individual (After the party we all went off to our respective rooms)respecting:关于,至于(某事物) information respecting the childs whereaboutsput down: write down- 管家把每天的开支记在小记事本上。(The housekeeper puts down the daily expenses in a little notebook.)- Put down what you hear, please.violate: vt. act ag

30、ainst- Speeding in downtown areas violates traffic regulations.- A country isnt respected if it violates an international pose: vt. write or create (music, poetry, etc.)- The presidents speech is really brilliant. Do you think it was composed by himself or by someone else?- John Lennon composed the

31、song Beautiful Boy for his son.CF: compose, consist of, comprise & constitute这组动词的一般含义为“组成”或“构成”。compose 常见于被动语态，构成 be composed of 的结构，表示“由构成”；在用于主动语态时,一般包含着“融合为一”的意思，而且主语或者是复数名词或者是集体名词。例如：- Concrete is composed of cement, sand and gravel mixed with water. (混凝土由水泥、沙、石子与水掺和而成。)- England, Scotland and Wales compose the island of Great Britain. (英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士构成大不列颠岛。)consist of 意为“由构成”，强调结果是一个统一整体。例如：- New York City consists of five boroughs. (纽约市由五个行政区组成。)comprise 可表示“由构成”；也可表示“构成”。例如：- The committee comprises men of widely different views. (这个委员会由见解甚为殊异的人组成。)- Fifty states comprise