大学英语二学习指南.docx

1、大学英语二学习指南大学英语（二）学习指南Unit 1 LoveI单元导读经典引用The supremehappinessoflifeistheconvictionthatweareloved. Victor Hugo (1802-1885) 生活中最大的幸福是相信有人爱我们。 维克多雨果（1802-1885）思考问题What is love? 什么是爱？You may ask yourself the following questions: Love takes many forms. How many types of love can you name besides romantic

2、love? What kinds of love have you experienced in your life? What kind of love do you expect most in your life? What can you get from love and being loved? What would happen if there were no love? How do you love your friends/family/partner(伴侣)? Can you find some synonyms（同义词） for the word “love”? Wh

3、at is your favorite love story? Can you tell it? 相关链接Love in many different languages and culturesThe Chinese philosopher Mozi developed ai in reaction to Confucian(孔子) lian(恋). Ai is universal love towards all beings, not just towards friends or family, without regard to reciprocation(回报). Although

4、 Mozi was influential, the Confucian lian is how most modern Chinese conceive of love.Gnqng(感情), the feeling of a relationship. A person will express love by building good gnqng, accomplished through helping or working for another. It also means “emotional attachment toward another person”.In Confuc

5、ianism, lian is a virtuous（有德行的） benevolent（仁慈的） love. Lian should be pursued by all human beings, and reflects a moral life.Yuanfen (缘份), a connection of bound destinies. A meaningful relationship is dependent on there being strong yuanfen.The Latin language has several different verbs correspondin

6、g to the English word love.Amare(爱慕) is the basic word for to love, as it still is in Italian today. The Romans used it both in an affectionate sense, as well as in a Romantic or sexual sense. The corresponding noun is amor, which is also used in the plural form to indicate love affairs or sexual ad

7、ventures. This same root also produces amicus(friend) and amicitia(friendship). Cicero(Marcus Tullius Cicero西赛罗，古罗马政治家、雄辩家、作家) wrote On Friendship (de Amicitia) which discusses friendship at some length.中国古代的墨子所说的“爱”是指对所有人、物、事的广义上的不求回报、朴实无华的爱，而孔子所说的“恋”指仁善的德爱，也是现在大部分中国人概念中的爱。中文中的“感情”是指人与人之间的依恋感，要恋爱必须

8、要先建立感情；而“缘分”指注定的命运，有缘是情感关系的基础。拉丁语中与love对应的词是amare。意大利语至今还使用这个词。罗马人用此词表示精神上和肉体上的爱。相应的名词amor可以用来指爱情和桃色事件；另外一个派生名词amicus可以用来指朋友。拉丁语中amare涵盖很广，也可以用来指英语中的like。（推荐: 外教点评Whether it is a mothers nurturing love （慈爱）for her child, a sons loyal love for his father, the love between husband and wife, or the lov

9、e between friends, love is a universal （广泛存在的）emotion that expresses itself in every culture. To love is to be human（人性的）. To need love is also to be human. Children, for example, need loving care in order to be emotionally healthy.Love is a deep feeling of fondness（喜爱）, affection（情感） and friendship

10、 that grows between two people. Romantic love usually begins as passion（激情） and evolves with time to a more lasting sense of attachment（依恋）. Many of the famous romantic love stories in various cultures end in the tragedies（悲剧） of death or betrayal（背叛）. The loss of love is a favorite musical theme（主题

11、） and the subject of countless stories, operas, songs, and ballads（民谣）.The verb “like” is not as strong as the verb “love” and generally does not imply（隐含）deep emotions. “Like” means to find pleasure or satisfaction in something or someone: I like eating at the restaurant; My son likes his teacher.

12、In English, the word “love” is often used informally instead of “like” in an intensified（增强的）sense: He loves music; Children love ice-cream; She loves her new job. However, “love” and “like” are not totally interchangeable.（可互换的） It is often the context that indicates the strength of the word “love”

13、. The verb “love” should not be used in the first person, when speaking to another person, except in romantic situations (I love you). When in doubt as to which verb to use, it is better to use “like” with an adverb: I like your dress a lot; I really like my professor; His boss liked his proposal im

14、mensely.Aid to Text Study 课文学习辅导II 课文讲解课内精读In-Class Reading A Good Heart to Lean OnWords & Usage词汇精讲ice-free 不结冰的 (l.18) ice-free是一个复合形容词，意思是“无冰的，不结冰的”。e.g. For harbors near the poles, being ice-free is an important advantage, ideally all-year round. 对于靠近极地的港口来说，一个不冻港，最好全年都不结冰，会成为极大的优势。-free这个后缀表示“没

15、有，不含有”，可以和很多名词搭配组合成具有相应含义的复合形容词。如lead-free fuel（无铅燃料）, duty-free shop（免税商店）, wrinkle-free （去皱的）, rent-free（免租金的）等。比较后缀-proof“防的”a bullet-proof vest 防弹背心a waterproof / wind-proof jacket. 防水/防风夹克bitterness (l.25) 用法1n. 痛苦; 仇恨，愤怒e.g. Bitterness can be like a disease that eats at you from inside. 仇恨就象疾病

16、一样从内部将你吞噬。 He was full of bitterness after he lost his job. 失去工作后他一直忿忿不平。用法2n. 苦味e.g. Certain organic compounds encountered in foods are associated with bitterness. 食品中存在的某些有机化合物与产生苦味有关。快捷记忆bitter adj. 苦的; 痛苦的; 仇恨的同义链接resentment, anger, unhappiness反义链接joy, pleasurein some way 以某种方式 (l.32-l.33)way在这里

17、表示“方式，方法”。可以单独使用，也可以用在“in.way”结构中。e.g. They are trying to find a way to settle the dispute. 他们正在想办法解决争端。These vegetables can be cooked in several different ways. 这些蔬菜有很多种煮法。又如：in an ordinary way（以常见的方式），in a strange way（以奇怪的方式）， in a pleasant way（愉快地）等。content (l.38). 用法adj. 满意的，满足的 （只可作表语） e.g. He

18、seems fairly content with his life. 他似乎对生活很满意。 They are content to socialize with a very small circle of people. 他们满足于只和一小群人来往。比较 contented adj. 满意的 （可作定语和表语） e.g. a contented smile心满意足的微笑 A contented person is happy with what he has.知足的人满足于现状。同义链接be satisfied with sb./sth.unaided 没人帮助的 (l.39). un+过

19、去分词可以构成与原词意思相反的形容词。如：unanswered（没有回答的），undone（未完成的），unexpected（出乎意料的），unknown（不知名的），unexplored（未勘探的）， uninformed（未被通知的），unforeseen（未预见的），unprepared（毫无准备的）等。in frustration 沮丧地; 灰心地(l.39). 介词in 在此表明处于一种状态,相当于in the state of 。类似的词组有：in relief宽慰地, in surprise吃惊地, in astonishment惊讶地, in horror恐惧地sense (l

20、.49) 用法 v. 觉察到，意识到 e.g. Although she said nothing, I could sense her anger. 虽然她什么都没说，我仍可觉察到她的怒气。 He sensed something was about to happen. 他意识到有事要发生了。同义链接feel, realize, perceiveDifficult Sentences 难句详解1. He was severely crippled and very short, and when we would walk together, his hand on my arm for

21、balance, people would stare.(l.1-l.3)译文 他身材矮小，走起路来跛得很厉害。我们一起走时，他要把手搭在我的肩上才能保持平衡，人们就会盯着我们看。his hand (being) on my arm for balance 是省略了分词being的独立结构，修饰谓语walk together。2. He went to work sick, and despite nasty weather. (l.8-l.9) 译文 不论生病还是碰到恶劣的天气他都去上班，sick是形容词做状语，修饰谓语went，表示动作发生时的状态。类似用法如：Inevitably you

22、 arrive at your destination almost exhausted.你到达目的地时肯定已经精疲力尽了。He went home happy.他高高兴兴地回家了。The man was lying dead on the floor.这个男人躺在地板上死了。3. He almost never missed a day, and would make it to the office even if others could not. (l.9-l.10)译文 他几乎没有旷过一天工。即使别人无法上班，他也要去办公室。make it to成功抵达（某地），例如：She mad

23、e it to the airport just in time to catch her plane. 她及时赶到机场搭上飞机。make it还可表示“成功地做到（某事）”，例如：Blake failed to make it as a commercial airline pilot. 布莱克没能当上商业客机飞行员。4. When I think of it now, I marvel at how much courage it must have taken for a grown man to subject himself to such indignity and stress.

24、 (l.22-l.24)译文 一个成年男子要有多少勇气才能承受这种屈辱和压力，我现在想来惊讶不已。how muchand stress是how引导的宾语从句，在句中作marvel at的宾语。must have taken must have done是对过去发生的事的推测，语气较强，有“肯定”，“想必是”的意思。take courage to do sth. 鼓起勇气做某事 5. He never talked about himself as an object of pity, nor did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able.

25、 (l.26-l.27) 译文 他从不把自己当作同情的对象，也从不对更幸运的或更能干的人表示任何嫉妒。talk aboutas 说是 类似结构有：think of as, considerto be认为是an object of pity受人同情的对象nor 否定副词neither或nor引导的句子需要用部分倒装，例如：If you wont agree to our plan, neither will they.要是你不肯同意我们的计划，他们也不会同意。She never laughed, nor did she ever lose her temper. 她从来不笑，也从来不发脾气。th

26、e more fortunate or able 更幸运的或更能干的人。the+形容词表示一类人。6. What he looked for in others was a “good heart”, and if he found one, the owner was good enough for him. (l.27-l.28) 译文 他在别人身上所寻找的是一颗“善心”。如果他找到了一颗善心，那么有这么颗心的人对他来说就是一位大好人了。what he looked for in others是what引导的名词性从句，在句中做主语。副词enough修饰形容词时后置，表示程度。例如：She

27、 told me it was brand new and I was stupid enough to believe her.她告诉我这是全新的，我真傻，竟然相信了她。7. Now that I am older, I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people, even though I still dont know precisely what a “good heart” is. (l.29-l.30) 译文 由于年龄的增长，我相信那是一种用来判断人的恰当的标准，尽管我还不能精确地知道什么是一颗“善心”。n

28、ow that既然，由于，常用来引导原因状语从句，相当于since。by which to judge people是介词(by)+关系代词(which)引导的限制性定语，修饰standard。这种定语常可转化成另一种形式，即把介词移到谓语动词之后，并可省略which。如这部分可转化为：a proper standard to judge people by8. On one memorable occasion a fight broke out at a beach party, with everyone punching and shoving. (l.37-l.38) 译文 有一件事

29、我至今难忘。一次沙滩聚会上，人们打了起来，每个人都在推推搡搡，拳头你来我往。on occasion在场合 例如：on numerous occasions 无数次break out爆发 例如：war/fire/panic broke out 战争爆发/发生火灾/出现恐慌with everyone punching and shoving是with+分词独立主格结构作整个句子的伴随状语。如：With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer,

30、less severe interiors. 在现代办公室变得更加呆板的今天，设计者们正在以多一些亲切、少一些严肃的室内设计来使其具有个性化特点。9. Introducing me, he was really saying, “this is my son, but it is also me, and I could have done this, too, if things had been different.” (l.46-l.47) 译文 在介绍我的时候，他实际上是在说：“这是我的儿子，但也是我。如果不是这种情形的话，我也能做这些。”introducing me为分词短语，表示谓

31、语动作发生的时间。I could have done this, too, if things had been different. 句子中用了虚拟式，could have done和ifhad been表示和过去事实相反。things表示“情况，事情”，例如：Cheer up-things arent as bad as they seem. 高兴点吧，事情不象表面上看起来那么糟。That will only make things worse. 那只会使事情变得更糟。10. He has been gone many years now, but I think of him often. (l.49) 译文 父亲已去世多年。但我还是经常想起他。gone表示“去世”的意思，如：They did everything they could to save him, but he was already gone when the ambulance arrived. 他们尽最大努力救他，但在救护车到来之前他就死了。现在完成时has been表示gone（去世）这个状态从过去到持续到现在，翻译为“已去世多年了”。也可以说ha