oracle的备份与恢复.docx

1、oracle的备份与恢复第一章 Oracle的备份与恢复第 1 部分 Oracle Agent的安装与载卸1.3 Oracle Agent的安装Note：安装Orace Agent前，请确认NetBackup Client for UNIX已经正确安装在Oracle服务器上，Windows 机器的数据库agent已随client一起安装，且无需进行oracle link的步骤。1. 将安装CD放入光驱，并运行安装脚本# mount /cdrom# cd /cdrom# ./installVERITAS Installation ScriptCopyright 1993 - 2002 VERIT

2、AS Software Corporation, All Rights Reserved. Installation Options 1 NetBackup Add-On Product Software 2 NetBackup Database Agent Software q To quit from this scriptChoose an option default: q: 2*There are two ways to install database agent software.1. Remote Installation: Loads the software on a ma

3、ster server with the intent of pushing database software out to affected clients.2. Local Installation: Loads and installs the software only to this local machine.*Do you want to do a local installation? (y/n) n y* NetBackup Database Agent InstallationChoose the Database Agents you wish to install o

4、ne at a time or select Install All Database Agents. 1) NetBackup for DB2 2) NetBackup for Database Archiver 3) NetBackup for Informix 4) NetBackup for Lotus Notes 5) NetBackup for Oracle 6) NetBackup for SAP 7) NetBackup for Sybase 8) Install All Database Agents q) Done Selecting Agents x) Exit from

5、 this ScriptChoose an option: 5Choose an option: qYou have chosen to install these Database Agents: NetBackup for OracleIs this list correct? (y/n) y 2. 链接库文件（windows不用作，自动会做好。）Note：在做此项操作前必须使用oracle用户。$cd /usr/openv/netbackup/bin$./oracle_linkWindows下，服务下面有个netbackup client service服务，有一个log on属性，要改

6、成administrator。涉及到权限的问题。1.3 oracle数据库自动归档模式的设置1.2.1 检查数据库是否处于ARCHIVELOG方式 SQLconnect “/ as sysdba”SQLarchive log list 若为archivelog模式，输出如下:Database log mode Archive ModeAutomatic archival EnabledArchive destination /backup/archivelogOldest online log sequencee 2131Next log sequence to archive 2133Cur

7、rent log sequence 2133没有启动数据库日志模式和自动归档的数据库系统查看结果如下Database log mode No Archive ModeAutomatic archival DisabledArchive destination /u01/app/oracle/product/8.0.5/dbs/archOldest online log sequence 194Current log sequence 196若检查为非archivelog模式，需要将数据库设置为archivelog模式。1.2.2 更改oracle为自动归档模式 若数据库为8i，修改oracle

8、的pfile文件，UNIX的pfile位于$ORACLE_HOME/dbs下面，windows的pfile位于$ORACLE_HOMEdatabase下面，主要包括以下三项：LOG_ARCHIVE_START=trueLOG_ARCHIVE_DEST=/oracle/archlog(可自行选择存放archive log的路径。)LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT= arch%s.arc（参数选择可根据自身习惯进行设置，但一定要保证生成的log是唯一的）Pfile相关参数修改完毕之后重新启动数据库。 若数据库为9i 可以动态的修改相关归档参数，主要包括以下三项：LOG_ARCHIVE_STAR

9、T=trueLOG_ARCHIVE_DEST=/oracle/archlog(可自行选择存放archive log的路径。)LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT= arch%s.arc（参数选择可根据自身习惯进行设置，但一定要保证生成的log是唯一的）SQLALTER SYSTEM STE LOG_ARCHIVE_START=TRUE scope=spfile;SQLALTER SYSTEM STE LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST=/oracle/archlog;将数据库关闭之后，再启动成mount状态SQLPLUSstartup mount 将数据库设置为archivelog模式SQLal

10、ter database archivelog; 启动数据库为open状态SQLalter database open; 检查是否可以生成archive logSQLalter system archive log current；（然后到archivelog dest下查看生成的日志文件）第 2 部分 Oracle数据库的备份1.3 确认RMAN的备份方式VERITAS的Oracle Agent是采用调用RMAN的备份语句来提取Oracle数据的，对于RMAN的备份有两种模式：catalog模式和nocatalog模式。Catalog模式需要有一个单独的数据库来存放备份记录信息等，而且这个数

11、据库也需要做数据库的物理备份；nocatalog模式不需要单独的数据库，备份记录信息都存放在数据库的各自控制文件内。1.3 RMAN nocatalog 备份2.2.1 创建备份脚本要备份Oracle数据库，首先要创建备份脚本文件。在安装完Oracle Agent之后，默认会在/usr/openv/netbackup/ext/db_ext/oracle/samples/rman下创建一些备份脚本的模板，建议选择需要使用的备份和恢复脚本模板，复制到任一路径下，建议选择hot_database_backup.sh备份脚本模板。修改备份脚本hot_database_backup.sh，主要修改以下几

12、点：备份脚本脚本说明ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/ora81改为实际的备份路径ORACLE_SID=ora81改为实际的SIDTARGET_CONNECT_STR=sys/manager改为 /（如果不是采用操作系统认证，需要输入具有备份恢复权限的数据库用户及密码。RUN ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 TYPE SBT_TAPE;数据通过库文件传送给备份软件。BACKUP $BACKUP_TYPE备份的类型，是全备份、增量备份或者差量备份。FORMAT bk_%s_%p_%t备份数据库文件的名称格式DATABASE;备份整个数据库sql alter system arc

13、hive log current;将数据库current online log进行archive logRELEASE CHANNEL ch00;ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 TYPE SBT_TAPE;BACKUPFORMAT al_%s_%p_%t备份日志文件的名称格式ARCHIVELOG ALL DELETE INPUT;备份完后删除archive logRELEASE CHANNEL ch00;ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 TYPE disk;分配磁盘通道copy current controlfile to path/control.ora将当前的控制文件

14、拷贝成文件。rman TARGET nocatalogrman以nocatalog模式备份Cd program filesveritasnetbackupbinbparchive -p ora-hostname-control control.ora将控制文件以文件方式备份到磁带库中。需要建立相应的备份策略。具体见下节。如果需要创建单独的日志备份脚本，可以直接复制上述备份脚本内容，然后将备份数据文件的语句行删除，仅保留日志备份和控制文件的备份。修改完毕后，保存文件退出备份脚本：REM $Header: hot_database_backup.cmd,v 1.2 2003/09/11 21:17

15、:14 $REM bcpyrghtREM * REM * $VRTScprght: Copyright 1993 - 2006 Symantec Corporation, All Rights Reserved $ * REM * REM ecpyrghtREMREM -REM hot_database_backup.cmdREM -REM This script uses Recovery Manager to take a hot (inconsistent) databaseREM backup. A hot backup is inconsistent because portions

16、 of the database areREM being modified and written to the disk while the backup is progressing.REM You must run your database in ARCHIVELOG mode to make hot backups. REMREM NOTE information for running proxy backups has been included. These REM information sections begin with a comment line of PROXY

17、 REM -setlocal ENABLEEXTENSIONSREM -REM No need to echo the commands.REM -echo offREM -REM Put output in the same filename, different extension.REM -set RMAN_LOG_FILE=%dpn0.outREM -REM You may want to delete the output file so that backup information doesREM not accumulate. If not, delete the follow

18、ing command.REM -if exist %RMAN_LOG_FILE% del %RMAN_LOG_FILE%REM -REM Replace H:oracleora81, below, with the Oracle home path.REM -set ORACLE_HOME=D:oracleproduct10.2.0db_1REM -REM Replace ora81, below, with the Oracle SID.REM -set ORACLE_SID=orclREM -REM Replace sys/manager, below, with the target

19、connect string.REM -set TARGET_CONNECT_STR=admin/123REM -REM Set the Oracle Recovery Manager.REM -set RMAN=%ORACLE_HOME%binrman.exeREM -REM PROXYREM For a PROXY backup, uncomment the line below and replace the value. REMREM NB_ORA_PC_STREAMS - specifies the number of parallel backup streamsREM to be

20、 started.REM -REM set NB_ORA_PC_STREAMS=3REM -REM Log the start of this scripts.REM -for /F tokens=1* %p in (date /T) do set DATE=%p %qfor /F %p in (time /T) do set DATE=%DATE% %pecho = started on %DATE% = %RMAN_LOG_FILE%echo Script name: %0 %RMAN_LOG_FILE%REM -REM Several RMAN commands use time par

21、ameters that require NLS_LANG and REM NLS_DATE_FORMAT to be set. This example uses the standard date format.REM Replace below with the desired language values.REM -set NLS_LANG=americanset NLS_DATE_FORMAT=YYYY-MM-DD:hh24:mi:ssREM -REM Print out environment variables set in this script.REM -echo # %R

22、MAN_LOG_FILE%echo RMAN : %RMAN% %RMAN_LOG_FILE%echo NLS_LANG : %NLS_LANG% %RMAN_LOG_FILE%echo ORACLE_HOME : %ORACLE_HOME% %RMAN_LOG_FILE%echo ORACLE_SID : %ORACLE_SID% %RMAN_LOG_FILE%echo NLS_DATE_FORMAT : %NLS_DATE_FORMAT% %RMAN_LOG_FILE%echo RMAN_LOG_FILE : %RMAN_LOG_FILE% %RMAN_LOG_FILE%REM -REM

23、PROXYREM For a PROXY backup, uncomment the line below. REM -REM echo NB_ORA_PC_STREAMS : %NB_ORA_PC_STREAMS% %RMAN_LOG_FILE%REM -REM Print out environment variables set in bphdb.REM -echo NB_ORA_SERV : %NB_ORA_SERV% %RMAN_LOG_FILE%echo NB_ORA_FULL : %NB_ORA_FULL% %RMAN_LOG_FILE%echo NB_ORA_INCR : %NB_ORA_INCR% %RMAN_LOG_FILE%echo NB_ORA_CINC : %NB_ORA_CINC% %RMAN_LOG_FILE%echo NB_ORA_CLASS : %NB_ORA_CLASS% %RMAN_LOG_FILE%REM -