理工类职称英语教材新增文章下载.docx

1、理工类职称英语教材新增文章下载2011年理工类职称英语教材新增文章下载阅读理解新增文章（共6篇）目录：第二篇(C级)：World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict第六篇(C级)：Weaving with Light第三十四篇(B级)：Batteries Built by Viruses第三十八篇(B级)：Longer Lives for Wild Elephants第四十五篇(A级)：Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others第四十六篇(A级)：Marvelo

2、us Metamaterials矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖賃軔。第二篇WorldCrudeOilProductionMayPeak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇谴净祸測。In a finding that may speed efforts to conserve oil，scientists in Kuwait predict that world conventional crude oil production will peak in 2014.This prediction is almost a decade earlier tha

3、n some other predictions.Their study is in ACSEnergy&Fuels1.残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟婭骒。Ibrahim Nashawi and colleagues point out that rapid growth in global oil consumption has sparked a growing interest in predicting peak oil. Peak oil is the point where oil production reaches a maximum and then declines.Scientis

4、ts have developed several models to forecast this point，and some put the date at 2020 or later.One of the most famous forecast models is called the Hubbertmodel2.It assumes that global oil production will follow a bell shaped curve3.A related concept is that4 of Peak Oil. The term Peak Oil indicates

5、 the moment in which world wide production will peak，afterwards to start on irreversible decline.酽锕极額閉镇桧猪訣锥顧荭。The Hubbert model accurately predicted that oil production would peak in the United States in 1970.The model has since gained in popularity and has been used to forecast oil production world

6、wide.彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑诒尔。However，recent studies show that the model is insufficient to account for5 more complex oil production cycles of some countries.Those cycles can be heavily influenced by technology changes，politics，and other factors，the scientists say.謀荞抟箧飆鐸怼类蒋薔點鉍。The new study describes developmen

7、t of a new version of the Hubbert model that provides a more realistic and accurate oil production forecast.Using the new model，the scientists evaluated the oil production trends of 47 major oil-producing countries，which supply most of the worlds conventional crude oil6.They estimated that worldwide

8、 conventional crude oil production will peak in 2014，years earlier than anticipated.The scientists also showed that the worlds oil reserves7 are being reduced at a rate of 2.1 percent a year.The new model could help inform energy-related decisions and public policy debate，they suggest.厦礴恳蹒骈時盡继價骚卺癩。词

9、汇：conserve v.保护，保存 irreversible adj.不可逆的，不可改变的crude oil原油spark v.闪耀;激发;鼓舞 insufficient 不充分的，不足的curve n.曲线注释：1.ACSEnergy&Fuels：ACS是American Chemical Society(美国化学学会)的缩写。该学会成立于1876年，现已成为世界最大的科技协会。多年来，ACS一直致力于为全球化学研究机构、企业及个人提供高品质的文献资讯及服务。ACS出版的期刊有34种，这些期刊在化学领域中是被引用次数最多的化学期刊，Energy&Fuels即是其中一本。茕桢广鳓鯡选块网羈泪

10、镀齐。2.the Hubbert model：赫伯特模型是美国地质学家M.King Hubbert于1956年创建的，这是一个随时间增长的模型，Hubbert将其引入油气田开发，经推导使其成为一个可以预测油气田累积产量、瞬时产量、年产量和可采储量等多项开发指标的多功能预测模型。鹅娅尽損鹌惨歷茏鴛賴縈诘。3.a bell shaped curve：钟形曲线4.that of peak oil：that指代concept。5.account for：说明，解释6.conventional crude oil：常规原油7.oil reserves：石油储量。通常使用复数形式reserves。练习：1

11、.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word sparked appearing in paragraph 2 ?籟丛妈羥为贍偾蛏练淨槠挞。A.flashedB.stimulatedC.changedD.ended2.The term a bell shaped curve appearing in paragraph 2 indicates that global oil production will預頌圣鉉儐歲龈讶骅籴買闥。A.take the shape of a flat curve.B.keep growing.

12、C.keep declining.D.start to decline after global oil production peaks.渗釤呛俨匀谔鱉调硯錦鋇絨。3.Which of the following is NOT true of the Hubbert model?铙誅卧泻噦圣骋贶頂廡缝勵。A.It successfully predicted that oil production peaked in the U.S.in 1970.擁締凤袜备訊顎轮烂蔷報赢。B.It has been used to predict oil production in many countr

13、ies.贓熱俣阃歲匱阊邺镓騷鯛汉。C.It is insufficient to explain oil production cycles in some countries.坛摶乡囂忏蒌鍥铃氈淚跻馱。D.It provides a very realistic and accurate oil production.蜡變黲癟報伥铉锚鈰赘籜葦。4.What is the major achievement of the new study mentioned in the last paragraph?買鲷鴯譖昙膚遙闫撷凄届嬌。A.It predicts global oil product

14、ion will peak in 2014.綾镝鯛駕櫬鹕踪韦辚糴飙钪。B.It predicts oil production will decline in 47 countries.驅踬髏彦浃绥譎饴憂锦諑琼。C.It confirms further the effectiveness of the Hubbert model.猫虿驢绘燈鮒诛髅貺庑献鵬。D.It discovers a new gend of worldwide oil production.锹籁饗迳琐筆襖鸥娅薔嗚訝。5.Who develop the new version of the Hubbert model ?構

15、氽頑黉碩饨荠龈话骛門戲。A.American scientists.B.Kuwaiti scientists.C.British scientists.D.Scientists of 47 major oil-producing countries.答案与题解：1.B spark一词做及物动词使用时有“发动”、“激发的意思，在此意为stimulated，即“引发”，这个句子的意思是：全球石油消费的快速增长已引发了对“石油峰值”预测的兴趣。輒峄陽檉簖疖網儂號泶蛴镧。2.D 此句接下来的句子中所提到的a related concept即是与a bell shaped curve相关的概念，也就是说

16、，接下来的这个句子对a bell shaped curve做了解释，即世界石油生产达到最大峰值后将下降。尧侧閆繭絳闕绚勵蜆贅瀝纰。3.D 文章的第三段告诉我们，Hubbert预测模型精确地预测到美国石油生产于1970年将达到峰值。这一模型自受到公认后，已用于预测世界石油生产。第四段说，这一模型对于某些国家更加复杂的石油生产周期而言，其计算尚不充分。这些生产周期受到技术的改变、政策和其他因素的很大影响。所以，A、B和C都是对Hubbert模型的正确说明。识饒鎂錕缢灩筧嚌俨淒侬减。4.A 选项B、C和D所述内容均未在文章中提到。最后一段告诉我们，科学家使用新的模型评估了47个主要的产油国家的石油生

17、产趋势，并预计全球常规原油生产到2014年将达最高峰值。所以，A是答案。凍鈹鋨劳臘锴痫婦胫籴铍賄。5.B短文第一段的第一个句子提供了答案。第六篇Weaving with LightIn the Sierra Madre mountain range of west central Mexico1，the native Huichol people2 live much the way their ancestors did-without electricity.Thats because its too expensive to string power lines3 to the remo

18、te mountain areas where they live.To help support themselves，the Huichol create beautiful artwork.They sell their art in cities hundreds of miles away from their villages.And without electricity-at home or on the road，they can only work during daylight hours.When it gets dark，they must stop whatever

19、 theyre doing.恥諤銪灭萦欢煬鞏鹜錦聰櫻。Now，a team of scientists，designers，and architects is using4 new technologies to provide the Huichol with light after the sun setsThe scientists technique involves weaving tiny electronic crystals into fabrics that can be made into clothes，bags，or other items.鯊腎鑰诎褳鉀沩懼統庫摇饬。B

20、y collecting the suns energy during the day，these lightweight fabrics provide bright white light at night.Their inventors have named the fabrics Portable Lights. Portable Lights have the potential to transform the lives of people without electricity around the world，says project leader Sheila Kenned

21、y.硕癘鄴颃诌攆檸攜驤蔹鸶胶。“Our invention，”Kennedy says，“came from seeing how we could transform technology we saw every day in the United States and move it into new markets for people who didnt have a lot of money.”阌擻輳嬪諫迁择楨秘騖輛埙。At the core of5 Portable Light technology are devices called high-brightness light

22、-emitting diodes，or HB LEDs6.These tiny lights appear in digital clocks，televisions，and streetlights.氬嚕躑竄贸恳彈瀘颔澩纷釓。LEDs are completely different from the light bulbs.Most of those glass bulbs belong to a type called incandescent lights.Inside，electricity heats a metal coil to about 2,200 degrees Cels

23、ius.At that temperature，bulbs give off light we can see.釷鹆資贏車贖孙滅獅赘慶獷。Ninety percent of energy produced by incandescent lights，however，is heat - and invisible.With all that wasted energy，bulbs bum out quickly.They are also easily broken.怂阐譜鯪迳導嘯畫長凉馴鸨。LEDs，on the other hand，are like tiny pieces of rock

24、 made up of molecules that are arranged in a crystal structure.When an electric current passes through an LED，the crystal structure produces light.Unlike incandescent bulbs，they can produce light of various colors.Within an LED，the type of molecules and their particular arrangement determines what c

25、olor is produced.谚辞調担鈧谄动禪泻類谨觋。词汇：Portable adj.轻便的，手提式的 incandescent adj.白灼的Light-emitting diode(LED) 发光二极管 coil n.线圈，卷，圈Bulb n.灯泡;球状物 molecule n.分子注释：1.Sierra Madre mountain range of west centralMexico：墨西哥中西部的马德雷山脉。Sierra一词在西班牙语中本身就包含了“山脉”的意思，确切地说是“呈齿状起伏的山脉，因为在西班牙语中Sierra有“锯子的意思。嘰觐詿缧铴嗫偽純铪锩癱恳。2.Huich

26、ol people：维克人。他们是居住在墨西哥中西部地区马德雷山脉的土著印地安人。该地区山路崎岖，所以西班牙人未涉足于此，墨西哥文化也没能影响维克人的土著文化。据估计，维克印地安人现仅存约一万人。熒绐譏钲鏌觶鷹緇機库圆鍰。3.string power lines：架设输电线4.Now，a team of scientistsis using：a team of scientists可以视作单数，也可以视作复数。本句用作单数，所以后接的谓语动词是is。鶼渍螻偉阅劍鲰腎邏蘞阕簣。5.At the core of：此处the core of意为the basic or most important

27、part of(最重要的部分)。纣忧蔣氳頑莶驅藥悯骛覲僨。6.At the core of Portable Light technology are devices called high-brightness light-emitting diodes， or HB LEDs：本句是倒装句，主语是“devices called high-brightness light-emitting diodes, or HB LEDs，谓语动词是“are”。High-brightness light-emitting diodes可译为“高亮度发光二极管。颖刍莖蛺饽亿顿裊赔泷涨负。练习：1.To m

28、ake a living，the Huichol create artwork andA.sell it to tourists in their villages.B.sell it in cities far away from their villages.C.display it in their village museum.D.keep it in their homes to attract tourists.2.Why Can Portable Lights emit light?A.Electronic crystals are woven into fabrics.B.It

29、ems such as clothes and bags are used to carry lights.濫驂膽閉驟羥闈詔寢賻減栖。C.The suns energy is collected during the day.D.All of the above.3.What does Sheila Kennedy say about Portable Lights?銚銻縵哜鳗鸿锓謎諏涼鏗穎。A.This invention Can change the lives of people，both rich and poor.挤貼綬电麥结鈺贖哓类芈罷。B.They are widely used

30、 in the United States.C.Portable Lights can help poor people around the world to get light.赔荊紳谘侖驟辽輩袜錈極嚕。D.They are expensive to make but easy to carry.4.What is the most important part of the Portable Light technology?塤礙籟馐决穩賽釙冊庫麩适。A.HB LEDsB.Glass Bulbs.C.Incandescent lights.D.Heated metal coils.5.L

31、EDs are different from light bulbs in thatA.LEDs ale incandescent lights while light bulbs are not.裊樣祕廬廂颤谚鍘羋蔺递灿。B.LEDs have a metal coil while light bulbs have not.仓嫗盤紲嘱珑詁鍬齊驁絛鯛。C.LEDs emit colored light while most fight bulbs dont.绽萬璉轆娛閬蛏鬮绾瀧恒蟬。D.LEDs are made up of tiny pieces of rock while light bulbs are not.骁顾燁鶚巯瀆蕪領鲡赙骠弒。答案与题解：1.B短文的第一段提供了答案，该段告诉我们，维克人为了谋生，制作工艺品，并到几百英里以外的城市去销售。瑣钋濺暧惲锟缟馭篩凉貿锕。2.D文章的第二和第三段包括了A、B和C所述内容。所以D是答案。3.C短文的第四和第五段提供了答案。短文第四段的句子说了Potable Lights可以在世界范围内改变穷乡僻壤用不上电的人们的生活，C准确地表达了这层意思，所以是答案。A不是答案，说Potable Lights能改变富人穷人的生活，不符合原文的意思。短文没有提及Portable Light