专题9动词的被动语态概要.docx

1、专题9动词的被动语态概要专题9 动词的被动语态 考点解读概念理解考点搜索能力要求主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。1.被动语态的结构和表达的意义。2.被动语态的一些特殊运用。3.动词各种时态的被动语态形式以及主动形式表示被动意义的结构。 1.掌握各种时态的被动语态。2.掌握被动语态的一些特殊运用形式。3.掌握被动语态在实际情景中的运用。中考真题1. Lots of trees and flowers _ in Zhangzhou every year. Youre right. That makes our city more and more beautiful.

2、(2015福建漳州) A.are planted B.were planted C.will be planted D. were plant2. Now its much easier to shop online when your order is ready, the things you want to buy _ to you soon. （2015河南） A. send B. were sent C. are sending D. will be sent3. Teenagers should _ to take care of themselves from a young a

3、ge. （2015山东临沂）A. educate B. be educating C. have educated D. be educated4.I dont think sixteen-year-olds _ to drive.I agree. They arent serious enough at that age. （2015广东梅州）A. can allow B. need be allowedC. should allow D. should be allowed5. The 31th Olympic Games _ in Rio de Janeiro of Brazil in

4、2016. （2015广东梅州）A. is held B. will hold C. will be held D. is going to hold6. Chinas hot words, like tuhao, dama and renxing, _ widely in the western media (媒体) last year. Really? （2015湖北鄂州） A. use B. are used C. used D. were used7.Because it _ every day, the window is very clean. (2015山东聊城） A.clean

5、ed B.will clean C.was cleaned D.is cleaned 8. You cant wear shoes inside this place.It_.（2015江西）A.doesnt allow B.isnt allowedC.hasnt allowed D.wasnt allowed9. He has ordered a watch online for his father and it _to him fore Fathers Day. (2015甘肃兰州） A.send B.will be sent C.was sent D.sent10.Will you c

6、ome to my birthday after the high school entrance exam ? I wont come unless Jenny _. (2015湖北荆门） A.invites B.is invited C.was invited D.will invite11.We _to start at once, or well miss the train. (2015山东青岛） A.tell B.have told C.are told D.told 12.Do you think teenagers _to make their own decisions ?

7、No, I dont agree with you. Theyre too young to do that. (2015湖北黄冈） A.encourage B.are encouraging C.are encouraged D.were encouraged 13.Have you watered those flowers, Tim? No. But they _ by my grandpa yesterday morning. (2015湖北黄石） A.have been watered B.had been watered C.were watered D.were watering

8、 14.When you _a difficult task, try to continue with it and finish it. (2015辽宁沈阳） A.give B.are giving C.gave D.are given 15.I wonder when Subway II in Harbin _. When the day comes, Ill spend less time going to school every day. (2015黑龙江哈尔滨） A.is finished B.will be finished C.was finished 16.The tele

9、phone_by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. (2015吉林） A.is invited B.invited C.was invited 17.Your scar feels soft. Did you buy it in China ?No. I bought it in France. But it _ in China. (2015云南昆明） A.is making B.was made C.makes D.made 18.The school has a long history. Yes, it _ more than 100 years ago.

10、(2015贵州遵义） A.built B.is built C.was built 19. The telephone _ by Alexander Graham bellin1876. (2015贵州贵阳） A.is invented B.was invented C.were invented 20. Tourists bad behavior _by the government in our country from now on. (2015陕西） A.will record B.will be recorded C.records D.is recorded 21.I dont u

11、nderstand why more girls _to do housework than boys in todays society. (2015 广东佛山） A.asked B.were asked C.are asked 22. Our classroom _ every day. (2015湖南永州） A.will be cleaned B.is cleaned C.are cleaned 23.Something _ in our hometown since 2014. Now it _ very modern. （2015黑龙江龙东） A. is changed; is lo

12、oked B. has changed; looks C. changed; looks24.Han Hong _ by the reporter yesterday. Shes great. She helped so many disabled people. （2015黑龙江龙东） A. was interviewed B. is interviewed C. is interviewing 25. _ this kind of question often asked in your class, Ann? （2015湖南张家界）A. Is B. Does C. Has26.A lot

13、 of trees around here every year and we can enjoy fresher hair now. （2015贵州六盘水）A.plant B.is planted C.were planted D.are planted 27.In order to make Dandong more beautiful, more trees and flowers _ every year. （2015辽宁给丹东）A. will plant B. should plant C. should be planted D. must plant28.Thats our ne

14、w school. It _ last year. (2015四川泸州） A.built B.is built C.was built D.will be built29.Chinese tea is popular around the world. I agree. It _ to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. (2015广西贵港） A.brings B.brought C.is brought D.was brought 30. A bridge _over the river last year. (2015贵州毕节

15、） A.builds B.built C.was built D.is built 知识清单一、语态概述 我吃了一个苹果， 那现在苹果怎样了？苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。 例如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken

16、 by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。 及物动词-本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双宾。不及物动词-本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时：amisareeaten 一般过去时：waswereeaten一般将来时：

17、will/shall/be going to beeaten过去将来时：would/should/be going to beeaten现在进行时：amisare beingeaten 过去进行时：waswere beingeaten现在完成时：havehas beeneaten 过去完成时：had beeneaten歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。 三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was p

18、ublished in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。（没有必要或说出出版者） (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by Lunxun.这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要； 动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。 (3) 为了更好地安排句子。例The well-known person got on t

19、he bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了） 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. - He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory.

20、 -The bikes are made by them in the factory. 歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。 五、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词be过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”。例如： we can repair this watch in two days. -This watch can be repaired in two days. We must finish this work soon. -This

21、 work must be done soon.六、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题.（1）时态保持一致。I have repaired my computer.-My computer has been repaired.（2）谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。 His best friend often looks after him.-He is often looked after by his best friend.（3） 主动语态中若有双宾语,将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语,另一个宾语不变。动词make/buy/get用for;动词give/send/le

22、nd/take用to) Vivian gave me a book.(双宾语，人间物直， me为间接宾语，a book 为直接宾语) - I was given a book by Vivian. -A book was given to me by Vivian.（直接宾语提前时，要在间接宾语前加介词）（4）主动语态若有复合宾语，（即句子结构为主及物动词宾宾补），将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补不变。They call him Louis.-He is called Louis.（5）当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例Someone

23、caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.（6）主动语态句中动词make, have, let(使sb做sth), notice. see. watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel等变成被动语态时，后面的不定式需要加上to. Mr. Lee made him wash the dishes. -He was made to wash the dishes.（7）有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要

24、把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.（8）非谓语动词的被动语态 v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。例I dont like being laughed at in the public.（9）It is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbe过去分词that从句”或“主语be过去分词

25、to do sth.”。有：It is said that 据说,It is reported that据报道，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that众所周知，It is thought that大家认为，It is suggested that据建议。例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）七、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1、

26、（1）.英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：The door wont lock （指门本身有毛病）The door wont be locked （指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）（2） 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last

27、, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？（3） 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 例Your reason sounds reasonable 2、在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。（1） 在need，wan

28、t，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。例The house needs repairing（to be repaired）这房子需要修理。 （2） 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。例The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-book is very worthy to be read）（3） 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,

29、不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)试比较：Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)（4） 在某些“形容词不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，impor

30、tant，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.（5） 在too to结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.（6） 在there be句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。例There is no time to lose（to be lost）（用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，谁 lost time不明确。）（7） 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例 Who is to bl