现在完成时.docx

1、现在完成时现在完成时的讲解和练习对所学时态的回顾，引入现在完成时通过数轴来概括讲解所学的四个时态：一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时。（导入）有时候，这4种时态还不能满足我们表达的需要。比如：表示“某人过去曾经做过某事”或者“某人做某事多久”，以上五种时态就派不上用场了。这时，我们可以用一种新的时态现在完成时表示。同样也用数轴来表示一下。一 现在完成时的构成:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 (过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。略 )Exercises1 选择填空( )1.I Enghish in this school since

2、1999(A)taught (B)have taught (C)tea (D)would teach( )2.Lilei the pen for five years(A)has had (B)bought (C)have had (D)have bought( )3.Kate her grand mothers photo before(A)havent seen (B)have seen (C)see (D)hasnt seen( )4. Mary you these days.(A)Has,seen (B)Do,see (C)Did,see (D)Is,seeing( )5.so far

3、 ,we thousands of Building in Quanzhou(A)build (B)have build (C)build (D)will build二、基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done) 肯定句：主语+ have/has+过去分词(done)+其他否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他？Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.(否定) 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ have/has+主语+过去分词+其他？三、现在完成时的用法1：表示过去发生或

4、已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时，常与时间副词already（已经） ，yet（还、已经） ，just(刚刚、仅仅) ，ever（曾经） ，never（从不） ，before（以前）等连用。这几个副词的用法如下：1already意为“已经”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。实例： 1）Ive already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。 （“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。） 2）Ive washed my clothes already我已经洗了衣服。 （洗衣服的动作已完成，其结果是“衣服冼

5、干净了”。） 注意：在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时，already也可用于（口语）疑问句中。实例： 3）Have you met him already ？你（真的）已经见过他了？ 2yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为“还”，常放在句末。实例： 1）Has he found his watch yet ？他已经找到他的手表了吗？ No，not yet不，还没有。 2）The woman hasnt found her dog yet 那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。（没找到狗，心里着急，这就是对现在的影响） 3just意为“刚刚”，表示行为刚刚过去，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：

6、 He has just come back from school 他刚从学校回来。 4ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例： 1）Have you ever been to Hong Kong ？你曾去过香港吗？ 2）I havent ever spoken to her我未曾和她说过话。 5never意为“从来没有”常与before连用（before要放在句尾，而never多放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例： I have never travelled by plane before我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。 6before意为“以前”，指过去不确

7、定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。1）Have you been to Hainan before ？你以前去过海南吗？ 2）I havent eaten Guangdong food before我以前没吃过广东菜。现在完成时用法二2持续性用法（肯定句，疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词）：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for 一段时间 或“since过去的点时间或从句（从句用一般过去时）以及so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。so far= up to now, by now（到如今，迄今为止），in the past/last few years, (

8、过去几年来)，these days（这几天），since/ever since（自从，从那时起）for+ 时间段 综合练习: I. 用never, ever, already, yet, for, since填空1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework _ an hour ago.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4.“Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I

9、have _ seen it.”5.“Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”II. 翻译下列句子：1.他们已经打扫了教室吗？2.我们已经认识有二十年了。3.打那以后，她一直住在这。4.“你曾经到过那里吗？” “不，我从来没到过那里。” III. 用适当的时态填空：1.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Ha

10、lf an hour _ (pass) since the train _ (leave).5. Mary_(lose) her pen. _ you _ (see) it here and there?6. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?7. -Are you thirsty? -No I _ just _ (have) some orange.8. We _already _ (return) the book.9. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?10. I _(not finish) my home

11、work . Can you help me?11. My father _ (read) the novel twice.12. I _ (buy) a book just now.13. I _ (lost ) my watch yesterday.14. My father _ (read) this book since yesterday.III句型转换：1. He has already gone home. He _ _ home _. (否定句) _ he _ home _? (疑问句)2. He has lunch at home. He _ _ lunch at home.

12、 (否定句) _ he _ lunch at home? (疑问句)3. He has been there twice. _ _ _ _ he been there? (划线提问)4. I have lunch at school. _ _ you _ lunch. (划线提问四Since 和 for 的用法表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有：for, since, how long, so far, these days等。Since+过去点的时间，for+一段时间（数词+量词），此划线部分用how long提问。一、since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今，sinc

13、e之后的时间为一点。 如：Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。Hes learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. 他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。二、for短语表示动作延续多长时间，for的宾语为时间段。 如：We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。I havent seen her for a long time. 我好久没有见到她了。练习：用since和for填空1)

14、 _ two years 2) _ two years ago 3) _ last month 4) _ 1999 5) _ yesterday 6) _ 4 oclock7) _ 4 hours 8) _ an hour ago 9) _ we were children 10) _ lunch time 11) _ she left here1. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.2. Ive known him _ we were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ th

15、ree years.4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.5. Its about ten years _ she left the city.三、部分短暂性动词与之对应的延续性动词： 短暂性动词 延续性动词die be deadborrow keepbuy/catch haveget up be upcome be heregobe therefinish be overleave be awayopen be openclose be closedbegin/start be onbecome interested in

16、be interested inwake up be awakeput on wearfall asleep be asleepjoinbe in arrive/ reachbe短暂性转换延续性 arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw. be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1)He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.2)I moved to the USA last year

17、.I _ _ _ the USA since _ _.3)I went home yesterday.I _ _ _ home for _ _.4)They came here last week.They _ _ here since _ _. come/go back, return be back come/go out be out1) He came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.2)We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _. become be1)I became a t

18、eacher in 2000.I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2)The river became dirty last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _. close be closed open be open1)The shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.2)The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours. get up be up die be dead leave sw. be away f

19、rom sw. fall asleep/get to sleep be asleep finish/end be over marry be married1)I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.2)He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.3)My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4)The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5)I go

20、t to sleep two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.6)They married in 1990.They _ _ _since _.start/begin to do sth. do sth. begin be on1)I began to teach at this school in 1995.I _ _ at this school since _.2)The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for _ _. borrow keep lose not have buy have put on wear

21、 catch/get a cold have a cold get to know know1)They borrowed it last week.They _ _ it since _ _.2)I bought a pen two hours ago.I _ _ a pen for _ _.3)I got to know him last year.I _ _ him since _ _.4)I put on my glasses three years ago.I _ _ my glasses for _ _. have/has gone to have been in1)He has

22、gone to Beijing.He _ _ _ Beijing for two days. join the league/the Party/the army be a league/a Party member/a soldier be a member of the league/the Party be in the league/the Party/the army1)He joined the league in 2002.He _ _ a _ _ for two years.He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years.He _ _ _ the league

23、 for two years.2)My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _ _ a _ for _ _.My brother _ _ in _ _ for two years.选择填空( )1.How long can I this book? Two weeks(A)borrow (B)keep (C)lend (D)return( )2.Her father in 1990 and her husband for more than five years(A)died ,dead (B)has died, dead (C)d

24、ied ,has been dead (D)has died, has died( )3.I have this nice watch for two years(A)had (B)bought (C)borrowed (D)lend( )4.He his home for ten years(A)has left (B)left from (C)has been away from (D)was away from( )5.He a league member for three years (A)is (B)has been (C)has become (D)have become( )6

25、.Lihuas brother has for two years(A)joined the army (B)been an army (C)become a soldier (D)been in the army( )7.He hasnt Quanzhou ever since he left school(A)left (B)been away (C)been (D)away 五、have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法一、have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, h

26、ow long 等。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。此外还有这些搭配： have been here (there) /at home (school) /on the farm have been here (there) / abroad二、have(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用，例如： I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。 Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。 Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州