ImageVerifierCode 换一换
格式:DOCX , 页数:8 ,大小:24.12KB ,
资源ID:7164797      下载积分:3 金币
快捷下载
登录下载
邮箱/手机:
温馨提示:
快捷下载时,用户名和密码都是您填写的邮箱或者手机号,方便查询和重复下载(系统自动生成)。 如填写123,账号就是123,密码也是123。
特别说明:
请自助下载,系统不会自动发送文件的哦; 如果您已付费,想二次下载,请登录后访问:我的下载记录
支付方式: 支付宝    微信支付   
验证码:   换一换

加入VIP,免费下载
 

温馨提示:由于个人手机设置不同,如果发现不能下载,请复制以下地址【https://www.bdocx.com/down/7164797.html】到电脑端继续下载(重复下载不扣费)。

已注册用户请登录:
账号:
密码:
验证码:   换一换
  忘记密码?
三方登录: 微信登录   QQ登录  

下载须知

1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。
2: 试题试卷类文档,如果标题没有明确说明有答案则都视为没有答案,请知晓。
3: 文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 本站仅提供交流平台,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

版权提示 | 免责声明

本文(外文及翻译换热器的优化选型.docx)为本站会员(b****5)主动上传,冰豆网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。 若此文所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知冰豆网(发送邮件至service@bdocx.com或直接QQ联系客服),我们立即给予删除!

外文及翻译换热器的优化选型.docx

1、外文及翻译换热器的优化选型 毕业设计(论文) 外文翻译外文题目New plate heat exchanger optimization Selection译文题目新型板式换热器的优化选型系部机械工程系换热器的优化选型W. Lub 和 S.A. Tassoub英国米德尔塞克斯,布鲁内尔大学机械设计工程部【摘要】板式换热器的优化选型是根据换热器的用途和工艺过程中的参数和NTUKAMCttm,即传热单元数NTU和温差比(对数平均温差换热的动力)选择板片形状、板式换热器的类型和结构。 【关键词】平均温差 NTU 板式蒸发器 冷凝器 1 平均温差tm从公式QKtmA,tm1AA(t1t2)dA中可知,

2、平均温差tm是传热的驱动力,对于各种流动形式,如能求出平均温差,即板面两侧流体间温差对面积的平均值,就能出换热器的传热量。平均温差是一个较为直观的概念,也是评价板式换热器性能的一项重要指标。1.1 对数平均温差的计算当换热器传热量为dQ,温度上升为dt时,则CdQdt,将C定义为热容量,它表示单位时间通过单位面积交换的热量,即dQK(thtc)dAKtdA,两种流体产生的温度变化分别为dthdQCh,dtcdQCc,dtd(thtc)dQ(1Cc1Ch),则dA1k(1Cc1Ch)(dtt),当从A0积分至AA0时,A01k(1Cc1Ch)(thotci)(thitco),由于两种流体间交换的

3、热量相等,即QCh(thitho)Cc(tcotci),经简化后可知,QKA0(thotci)(thitco)(thotci)(thitco),若t1thitco,t2thotci,则QKA0(t1t2)(t1t2)KA0tm,式中的tm(t1t2)(t1t2)。顺流 tm(thitci)(thotco) (thitci)(thotci)逆流 tm(thitco)(thotci) (thitco)(thotci)对于各种流动型式,在相同的进口、出口温度条件下,逆流的平均温差最大。当板式换热器入口和出口两流体的温差t1和t2之间的差不大时,可采用算术平均温差(t1t2)2,一般t1t2小于1.5

4、时,可采用,若tt2为3时,则误差约为10%。1.2 传热单元数法在传热单元数法中引入一个无量纲参数NTU,称为传热单元数,它表示板式换热器的总热导(即换热器传热热阻的倒数)与流体热容量的比值NTUKAMC,它表示相对于流体热容流量,该换热器传热能力的大小,即换热器的无量纲“传热能力”。对于板式换热器来说,KAMCttm,式中ttm称为温差比,上式中的右边的工艺过程用NTUp表示,左边的换热设备的条件用NTUE表示。NTUp是流体温度的变化与平均温差的比值,表示的是用1tm的变化引起几度流体温度变化的值,当tm大时,NTUp则小;当tm小时,它有变大的倾向。相反,在NTUp变大的过程中,tm的

5、温度变化较大,NTUp较小时,其tm的温度变化较小(见表1)。 表1 tm,NTUp的关系 tm大tm小NTUp小NTUp大NTUp大NTUp小tm的温度变化大tm的温度变化小板式换热器的优化设计计算,就是在已知温差比NTUE的条件下,合理地确定其型号、流程和传热面积,使NTUp等于NTUE。1.3 换热过程和NTU与供热空调相关的换热过程如下如示: 用蒸汽加热水 水水换热a. 蒸汽133133c.一次水6560水565(生活热水) 二次水4540(采暖)b. 蒸汽133133d. 一次水149水5565(采暖)二次水137(制冷)e. 一次水2924 二次水2621(制冷机的冷却)以上5例工

6、艺过程的NTUp(见表2)表2 供热空调工艺过程的NTUp 过程tmNTUpa13313356594.86(655)94.860.632b133133556572.88(6555)72.880.13c6560454020.00(4540)200.25d1491371.44(137)1.444.17e292426213.00(2621)31.671.4 板式换热器和NTUENTUE表示板式换热器的能力,换热器的面积是具有一定传热长度的单位传热体的组合,总传热长度是单位长度和流程数的乘积。当NTUE是总数时,若每1流程数为NTUe时,则NTUEnNTUe(其中n是流程数)。当NTUeNTUENTU

7、p时,换热器为单程。若NTUeNTUp时,则换热器应为多流程,故设计时应先预定n。由于每种板片单程的NTUe值基本上是定值,如适合表2中e的流量为25m3h的单程板式换热器的NTUe为17。从NTUeAKMC可知,当NTUe为定值时,AK成反比,仍以e为例,当K500kcalh时,A1.672500050083.5,流程数n83.5175。当K2500kcalh时,A16.7,流程数n1。每一流程的NTUe如下所示:K500,NTUeNTUEn0.33,K2500时,NTUe1.67。由此可知,根据NTUe即可求出换热器的流程数,传热系数和传热面积。从以上可知,若板式换热器设计不合理,可能使换

8、热面积过大,也可能使板间流速太高,阻力过大。1.5 板式换热器制造技术的进步,板片种类的增加,提高了板式换热器对各种工艺过程的适应性。 大NTU(8),小tm(12)的板式换热器满足了区域供冷和热泵机组蒸发器、冷凝器的要求。从以上分析可知,tm是换热的驱动力,若tm小,即意味着驱动力小,要实现两种流体之间的换热,必须增大传热系数,增大传热面积,为了使传热面积不至过大,唯一的是增大传热系数K。 浅密波纹板片是北京市京海换热设备制造有限责任公司开发的新型板片,它的传热系数约为7000WK,是水平平直波纹板的2倍,是人字形波纹板的1.5倍,在区域供冷中时,检测的tm约为1.2。在作为冰蓄冷的乙二醇和

9、冷冻水的换热器使用中,tm约为1.5。 板式蒸发器、板式冷凝器也是北京市京海换热设备制造有限责任公司开发的适应于热泵机组的新型换热器。与管壳式蒸发器、冷凝器相比,它具有如下优点:单位体积内板式蒸发器、板式冷凝器的传热面积约是管壳式换热器的3倍;板式蒸发器的传热系数约为10001200 WK,板式冷凝器的传热系数约为15002000 WK均为管壳式换热器的23倍;在板式蒸发器上采用了使制冷剂液体分布均匀的分配器装置,当蒸发器板片数较多时,可能会出现制冷剂液体分配不均的,不能充分利用所有蒸发传热面积,使蒸发温度低于设计计算温度。采用分配器后即能克服上述问题。有关单位检测数据说明,板式蒸发器、板式冷

10、凝器的传热系数在tm约为2.53时,在15002000 WK之间,且阻力小,满足了热泵机组的要求。 小NTU(0.32),大tm(4090)的板式换热器满足了热回收工艺和工艺加热、冷却的要求。当工艺过程在大tm的条件下进行换热时,说明驱动力大,所需的传热面积较小,对传热系数要求也不高,但,这种工艺过程或者工作压力高,或者工作温度高,或者工艺加热、冷却过程的液体中含有纤维或直径较大的颗粒,对板式换热器的承压、耐温能力提出了要求,对换热器的板间距提出了要求。 排(烟)气水板壳式换热器(省能器),排(烟)气空气板壳式换热器(空气预热器)是北京市京海换热设备制造有限责任公司和兰石化共同开发出来的新型板

11、式换热器,全焊接板式换热器中介质的换热是通过板管束来实现的,组成板管束的板片由专用模具压制成型,全焊接式板束装在压力壳内。波纹板片具有静搅拌作用,能在很低的雷诺数下形成湍流,且污垢系数低,传热系数是管壳式换热器的23倍。为了适应换热量大,流体压降小的要求,板间距大,当量直径约为28。为了满足工艺的要求板束工作压力(反压)P4.5Mpa,板束工作压力(正压)同壳体工作压力,不受限制;工作温度t550。乌鲁木齐石化分公司40万吨年连续重整采用了进料(冷介质)和出料(热介质)的板壳式换热器,进料流量50th,进、出口温渡88,470。出料流量50th,进、出口温度100,500,对数平均温差约38,

12、总传热系数约为380kcalh,热负荷达23106kcalh,进料压降20Kpa,出料压降50Kpa。 多效蒸发板式加热器(换热器),这种换热器既是工艺加热装置,又是重要的热回收装置。以前由于板式换热器的流道小(板间距1.55.0),不适宜于气气换热和蒸气冷凝;且易堵塞,故不宜用于含悬浮物的流体。为了尽量地发挥板式换热器的长处,克服存在问题,适应工艺的要求,北京市京海换热设备制造有限责任公司开发出了新型的多效蒸发板式换热器,这种板式换热器属宽流道型,其板间距为8.0,适合于蒸气冷凝,适合于含悬浮物的流体,且不易堵塞,最大处理量达1200m3h。原文New plate heat exchange

13、r optimization SelectionW. Lub and S.A. Tassoub Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Design, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK .Abstract: The plate heat exchanger Selection is based on the optimization of the use of heat exchangers and in the process of the parame

14、ters and NTU = KA / MC = t / tm, that is, transfer units of NTU and the temperature difference than (the average temperature difference - Heat transfer in power) choose plate shapes, plate heat exchanger and the type of structure. Key words: the average temperature difference between NTU plate evapo

15、rator condenser1 average temperature difference tm When the heat exchanger to heat-dQ, when the temperature rose to dt, C = dQ / dt, C will be defined as heat capacity, it said units of time through the exchange of heat per unit area, dQ = K (th-tc) dA = K tdA, two of the fluid temperature changes w

16、ere dth =- dQ / Ch, dtc =- dQ / Cc, d t = d (th-tc) = dQ (1/Cc-1/Ch), while dA = 1 / k (1/Cc-1/Ch) (d t / t), when the A = 0 points to A = A0 when, A0 = 1 / k (1/Cc-1 / Ch) (tho-tci) / (thi-tco), because of two fluid exchange between the heat equivalent, that is, Q = Ch (thi-tho) = Cc (tco-tci), the

17、 simplified Know, Q = KA0 (tho-tci) - (thi-tco) / (tho-tci) / (thi-tco), if t1 = thi-tco, t2 = tho-tci , Q = KA0 ( t1- t2) / ( t1 / t2) = KA0 tm, in- tm = ( t1- t2) / ( t1 / t2) .Down tm = (thi-tci) - (tho-tco) / (thi-tci) / (tho-tci)Countercurrent tm = (thi-tco) - (tho-tci) / (thi-tco) / (tho-tci)F

18、or various flow patterns in the same import, export under the conditions of temperature, the average temperature difference between the largest counter-current.When the plate heat exchanger import and export of the fluid temperature difference between the two t1 and the difference between t2 not ava

19、ilable when arithmetic average temperature ( t1 + t2) / 2, General t1 / t2 less than 1.5, May be, if t / t2 for 3:00, the error is about 10 percent.1.2 the number of transfer unitsIn the heat transfer unit of the introduction of a few dimensionless parameters NTU, known as the number of transfer uni

20、ts, it said plate heat exchanger of the total thermal conductivity (heat exchanger heat resistance of the countdown) and the ratio of fluid heat capacity NTU = KA / MC, it said in relation to heat fluid flow, heat transfer capacity of the heat exchanger of the size of the heat exchanger that is, non

21、-dimensional heat transfer capability. The plate heat exchanger for, KA / MC = t / tm, where t / tm known as the temperature difference than, on the right side of the process used NTUp that left the conditions of heat transfer equipment used NTUE said. NTUp is fluid temperature changes in temperatur

22、e and the average ratio that is used 1 tm of several changes in the value of fluid temperature changes, when tm large, NTUp is small when tm hours, it has become bigger The tendency. On the contrary, in NTUp larger in the process, tm of the larger temperature changes, NTUp smaller, its tm small chan

23、ges in temperature (see table 1).Table 1 tm, NTUp relations tm largetm smallNTUp smallNTUp largeNTUp largeNTUp smalltm large changes in temperaturetm small changes in temperaturePlate heat exchanger, the optimal design, is known NTUE temperature difference than the conditions, to determine a reasona

24、ble model, processes and heat transfer area, equivalent to NTUp NTUE.1.3 heat transfer process and the NTUHeating and air-conditioning related to the heat transfer process if the show are as follows: steam heating water water - water heat exchangera. steam 133 133 c. a water 65 60 Water 5 65 (hot wa

25、ter) Secondary water 45 40 (heating)b. Steam 133 133 d. a water 14 9 Water 55 65 (heating) secondary water 13 7 (refrigeration)e. a water 29 24 Secondary water 26 21 (refrigerator cooling)More than five cases of the process NTUp (see table 2)Table 2 heating air-conditioning process of NTUp processtm

26、 NTUpa13313356594.86(655)94.860.632b133133556572.88(6555)72.880.13c6560454020.00(4540)200.25d1491371.44(137)1.444.17e292426213.00(2621)31.671.4 plate heat exchanger and NTUENTUE plate heat exchanger that the capacity of heat exchanger is the size of a certain length of the heat and the combination o

27、f heat transfer units, the total length of heat transfer process is the length and number of units of the product. When the total number of NTUE is, if the number of processes for every 1 NTUe, then NTUE = n NTUe (where n is the number of processes).When NTUe = NTUE = NTUp, the heat exchanger for on

28、e-way. If NTUe NTUp, the heat exchanger for many processes, it should be designed to target n. As each plate of one-way NTUe value is essentially fixed value, such as in e Table 2 for the flow of 25 m3 / h of the one-way NTUe plate heat exchanger for 17 square meters. From NTUe = A K / MC tells us t

29、hat when NTUe to be on duty, A K is inversely proportional, still e example, when K = 500kcal / h time, A = 1.67 25000/500 = 83.5 , the process of n = 83.5/17 5. When K = 2500kcal / h time, A = 16.7 square meters, the flow of n = 1. Each process NTUe as follows: K = 500, NTUe = NTUE / n = 0.33, K = 2500 when, NTUe = 1.67. So, can be obtained under NTUe the flow of heat exchangers, heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer area. From the above we can see that if the plate heat exchanger design unreasonable and likely to heat transfer area is too large, may also be partitioned

copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有

经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1