初三英语一轮总复习8B学案.docx

1、初三英语一轮总复习8B学案初三英语一轮总复习学练案 8B Unit 1 Past and present聚焦中考要求 掌握一些加前后缀构成反义词的方法，扩大词汇量。 学习和掌握现在完成时的构成及基本用法。 掌握现在完成时和一般过去时的区别和联系及常和现在完成时连用的副词。 学习和运用新旧对比的方法，反映事物的变化。自主复习词语翻译单词目前 交通 时代 南方的 已婚的电影院 工厂 废料 毒物 污染v.减少 实现 孤独的 投、掷 丈夫采访v. 反义词 倒霉的 修补 句子展览 近来 标题 世纪 新鲜的 环境 发展n. 服务n. 最初的 最近的描述v. 感受 字典 长处 向往的地方互译短语1. 不再

2、2. a report on the changes in your hometown3. 和 一起玩 4. in the southern part of town5. 结婚 6. changes to our home town over these years7. 在这些年中 8. tell us your future plan9. 过去经常 10. provide a good environment for / to wildlife11. 采取措施 12. move to other areas in the city13. 在某些方面 14. enjoy his short s

3、tay with his sister15. 减少污染 16. be in service / be out of service 17. 感到有点孤独 18. Its nice to have open space and pretty gardens.19. 下中国象棋 20. learn a lot about the past and present here21. 扔掉 22. go on holiday / be on holiday23. 顺便说一下 24. add ed to the end of a verb25. 乘飞机旅行 26. transport of differe

4、nt times 27. 独自地 28. from time to time = sometimes = at times 29. 小 / 中学 30. have an interview with sb = interview sb 31. 开阔地带 32. go to school alone by bus at weekends 33. 在上一世纪期间 34. stay there with them for a whole week 35. 从搬出来 36. find out the meaning of the words37. 要是可能的话 38. be not far from

5、the centre of Moonlight Town39. 像以前一样经常 40. the opposite of “impossible”互动排疑解难past n.“过去”，in the past _； adj.“刚过去的”，during the past years _；prep. “路过，过”，drive past the bank _；a quarter past seven _。pass v.“传递，通过”，pass sth. to sb.= pass sb. sth. _； pass the exam _。 since prep. & conj.“自从以来（表示时间从过去某时开

6、始到现在，常同完成时态第二种用法连用）”；since October 1949_；since ten years ago _；since the Party was founded _；conj. “既然，因为（表示明显原因，但没有because强）”。Since the bell is ringing, let begin the class.till prep. & conj. “直到”from morning till night_；till the class was over _；put off the meeting till next Wednesday_；not till“直到

7、才”，Dont get off the bus till it has stopped. _。同 until。married adj.“已婚的”，get / be married _；be married to sb _。marry. vi.& vt.“结婚；嫁，娶”；marry sb._，marry sb. to sb. _。marriage n.“结婚”，wedding“婚礼”，on their wedding day_。【即时练1】1) 他们结婚已10年了。2) 他们把女儿嫁给一个老富翁。3) Sally wants to Bob, so she went to the country

8、with him. A. get married B. marry C. marry with D. be marriedturn v. “使变成，成为；翻转， 绕 （弯角）”， n. “轮次” by turns _；in turn _； turn on_；turn off _；turn up _；turn down _； turn over _；turn into _；turn green _。return n.“回归，回报”Hong Kongs return to China _；in return _；v. “回来，归还（有back含义，后不加back）”，return sth to s

9、b.=give sth. back to sb _；return to sp=go/ come back to sp_。【即时练2】1) Our teacher told us that earth _ (转) round the sun.2) _ (拐弯) right at the fourth crossing.= Take the fourth _ on the right.3) _ (翻) to page forty and read the passage. It tells us about Hong Kongs _ (回归) to China.4) His face _ (变)

10、red when he was complained by his mother.5) Autumn _ (回来), leaves and grass _ （变）yellow.used to do sth“过去常做某事”；be used to (doing) sth“习惯于做某事”； be used to do / for doing sth “被用来做某事”。【即时练3】1) This building _ an exhibition in the past. Now, it is a shopping centre. It_ for people to do shopping. A. wa

11、s used to be, was used B. used to be, is used C. is used to doing, was used D. is used to be, be used2) Children of last century_ a lot and enjoyed themselves greatly even without television. Now they _TV as soon as they come back from school.A. used to read, is used to watch B. used to read, is use

12、d to watchingC. were used to reading, is used for watching D. were used to read, used to watchrealize vt.“意识到，实现”，realize ones wish (hope) _；realize how happy he was then_。 a bit “有点儿（同a little修饰形容词和副词或它们的比较级；修饰不可数名词时用a bit of或a little）” a bit / little large(r) _；a bit of water =a little water_。not

13、a bit “一点也不” 同not at all ；not a little“非常”同very。lonely adj.“孤独的，寂寞的（内心感受）；偏僻的”alone (without others) adv.“独自一人（没人作伴）”。Though he is alone, he never feels lonely.throw v.“扔，投，掷”（throw-threw-thrown）throw rubbish about_；drop v.“扔下，下降”drop litters _；dump“丢弃，倾倒”dump rubbish into the river _；pour“倒出”pour s

14、ome milk from a cup _；waste“浪费”waste a lot of water _。 interview n.& vt.“采访，会见” have an interview with sb _；interviewer n.“采访者”。opposite n. “反义词”adj. “相对的，相反的”，on the opposite side of the street_；go in the opposite direction_；opposite (to) _。 repair vt.“修补”，have the bike repaired_； repair the broken

15、 machine _。 yet adv.“还（未）”（用于否定句和一般疑问句）already “已经”（用于肯定句）。-Have you seen the film yet? -No，not yet. / Yes, already. yet有时起连接作用，意思是“然而，但是”。Its late, yet many people didnt sleep.own adj.“自己的”，my own story_；v.“拥有 同have”；pron.“本人，自身”，on ones own _；owner n.“所有者”，the owner of the factory_。【即时练4】1) This i

16、s his _ house. =This house is his _. = He _ this house.2) 直到亲眼所见，我才会相信。3) 我有一个自己的电脑（of ones own）4) 他独自收集了许多关于香港的信息（on ones own）just adv.“正好”； This is just what I want to know.“仅仅（轻描淡写的说法）”；He is just a child. Dont be so strict with him.“刚才（可与现在完成时态或一般过去时连用）”；-Have you just had your supper? Yes, just

17、 a few minutes ago.develop v.“发展”a developing country_；a developed country_；development“发展”the development of a country_。lend v.“借给（把东西借出去给别人）”，lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. _。borrow sth. from sb. _。 service n.“工作，服务”do sb. a service_；in service_；devote to the service to/of others_ 。relax v.“放松”r

18、elax the mind_；relax oneself_。relaxing adj. “令人放松的”；relaxed adj.“放松的”。 feeling n.“感受（常用复数）”hurt ones feelings_；have the same feeling_；a satisfied feeling_。recent adj.“最近的”；recently adv.“最近，近来”（可用于一般过去时或现在完成时， 不用于将来时）。反义词happy- helpful- patient- kind- comfortableeasy- necessary- friendly- welcome- po

19、ssible-expensive- soft- first- rich- likedifficult- bad- correct- important- cool-句型破译I moved here with my family when I was 2 years old and have lived here since then. 两岁时我和家人搬到这里，从那时起就一直住在这儿。Since then“从那时起（到现在）”，和现在完成时连用。Since从句表示“从起到现在”。 Later, the government realized it was a very serious probl

20、em and took actions to reduce the pollution.后来，政府意识到是严重的问题，并采取行动来减轻污染。it was a very serious problem是宾语从句。The town has changed a lot over the years. 这些年来,城镇变化很大。和Great changes have taken place over the years.同义。Over“在期间”，相当于during，多同现在完成时态连用。over the past/ last 30 years _。Now, the government has turn

21、ed the place into a park. 现在，政府已经把这个地方改变成公园。turninto“把变成”。Well, in some ways it is. Its nice to have open space and pretty gardens. 嗯，从某些方面来说是的。有开阔地和漂亮的公园真好。in some ways“在某种程度上，在某些方面”；by the way“顺便问一下”。Its difficult for him to see some of them as often as before. 对他来说，像以前那样经常和他们中的有些人见面就难了。本句是It is +

22、 adj. + for sb. + to-infinitive的结构句型；as often as before“像从前一样经常”。I must say that its the best model I have ever seen. 我得说这是我所见到过的最好的模型。I have ever seen用作定语，修饰前面的 the best model，在这里，也和I have never seen同义。Now, let me show you how to get to the railway station. 现在，让我告诉你怎么去火车站。“疑问词how + 不定式”结构的短语，意思是“如何

23、做某事”。The pollution was terrible then because the factory used to dump its waste into the river. 那时，污染很严重，因为工厂常把废弃物倒入河中。Many people used to live in old house, but now most of them have moved into new flats. 许多人通常住在旧房子里，但现在，他们大部分人已经搬进新套间。语法要点 现在完成时态 谓语动词的构成： have / has+ 动词的过去分词过去分词的构成：常见规则和过去式相同 1）直接加

24、-ed；2）词尾为e，加-ed；3）词尾为只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，双写辅音字母加-ed；4）词尾为辅音字母加y, 改y为i加-ed. 不规则的动词举例: see-saw-seen; write-wrote-written; feel-felt-felt; hurt-hurt-hurt; come-came-come; know-knew-known【即时练5】 写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词：rob read study wait give savecost plan play begin relax sitfall believe offer tell water die现在完成时的用

25、法：1. 表示过去发生，但对现在造成影响或引起后果的事。常与just“刚刚”，ever“曾经”，never“从来没有”，already“已经”，yet“还（没有），已经”，before“以前”，recently “最近”等连用。一般过去时只说明过去特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在无关。如：I opened the door just now. （只说明刚才我开门的）而现在完成时则侧重于说明过去事对现在的影响，强调的是现在。如：I have just opened the door. (说明现在门是开着的)【即时练6】1) -Have you _ been to Beijing? -No,

26、 not _.2) I have _ (已经) finished my work 3) They have _ (刚)left.4) I have _ (从来没有)met such a man _(以前).5) He read the novel some time ago, and he knows the story. = He _ the novel _.2. 表示过去开始，持续到现在的事，动词用延续性动词。 常与for+一段时间, since+某点时间, since+一段时间+ ago, so far, in the past / last+一段时间短语和since引导的从句连用。【即

27、时练7】1) Dont keep your father _ (wait) any longer. He _ already _ (wait) here for two hours.2) -I _ (never hear) of the name before. Have you? -Yes, I _ already.3) I _ (not hear) from my cousins for a long time. How I _ (miss) them.4) They _ (be) there many times over the past 3 years.5) The Greens _ (live) in our town ever since they _ (come) to China.6) -I _ just _ (finish) my homework. What about you? -So _ I.7) So far, Dr Wang _ (save) over 200 patients lives.8) - _ you ever _ to Paris? -Yes, I _. (be) -When _ you _ there? - I _ there te