最新高考英语核心语法之特殊句式高考英语二.docx

1、最新高考英语核心语法之特殊句式高考英语二【名师点拨】倒装句，省略句及强调句是高考的重点也是难点，因此在本专题我们重点讲解了三大修饰句的一些特殊用法，学习的重点是掌握其中的一些特殊用法及规律，然后通过习题达到熟练运用。一、倒装句的重点知识讲解（一）强调否定状语的倒装句“强调否定状语的倒装句”是指为了强调句子中针对全句的否定状语,将其置于句首所引起部分倒装结构。常考的放于句首引起部分倒装的含有否定意义的状语有： never, seldom, rarely, little, few, hardly/scarcely . when ., no sooner . than ., at no time,

2、by no means, no longer, not only . but also ., not until, nowhere, neither . nor . 等。例如：Seldom in all my life have I met such a determined person. 我一生中很少遇见这样意志坚定的人。Not until quite recently did I have any idea what a guided missile was like. 直到最近我才知道导弹是个什么样子。Not only was Churchill a statesman, but al

3、so (he was) a poet.丘吉尔不仅是一位政治家， 还是一位诗人。 (not only . but also . 连接两个句子时， 前一个句子倒装， 后一个不倒装)注意：如果放在句首的否定状语只否定主语或句中的副词， 而不针对全句， 就不用进行倒装。例如： Not a soul was anywhere visible. 到处见不到一个人。Hardly anybody believes that. 几乎没有人相信那件事。【小试牛刀】1. Ive tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _ with my prog

4、ress. A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfiedC. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied2. Little _ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business.A. he realized B. he didnt realizeC. didnt he realize D. did he realize3

5、. They have a good knowledge of English but little _ they know about German. A. have B. did C. had D. do4. Did Linda see the traffic accident? No, no sooner _ than it happened.A. had she gone B. she had goneC. has she gone D. she has gone5. Not only _ interested in football but _ beginning to show a

6、n interest in it. A. the teacher himself is; all his students areB. the teacher himself is; are all his studentsC. is the teacher himself; are all his studentsD. is the teacher himself; all his students are【答案与解析】1. D 【解析】题干中的but表明其后的句子应表示与“Ive tried very hard to improve my English.”相反的意义， 即“老师并不对我的

7、进步感到满意”。否定主句的状语by no means放于句首表示强调时， 主句应进行部分倒装， 而且不应再在句中加入否定词not， 据此可以排除A、 B、 C而选出D。2. D 【解析】句首作状语的副词little本身含有否定意义， 不需另外加not， 由此排除选项B、 C； 由于句首little之后应使用部分倒装， 由此进一步排除正常语序形式的选项A而选出D。3. D 【解析】含有否定意义的状语little(在这里little作副词)位于分句的句首时， 主句要进行部分倒装。4. A 【解析】hardly/scarcely. when., no sooner. than. 都表示“一就”， 前

8、面的主句通常用过去完成时， 后面的从句通常用一般过去时， 而且当hardly, scarcely或no sooner放于句首时， 前面的主句应采用部分倒装。5. D 【解析】 not only. but (also). 连接两个并列分句并且包含否定含义的not only放于句首时， not only后的分句要进行部分倒装， but (also) 后的分句不进行倒装， 因此本题应选D。（二）only状语置于句首引起的倒装句副词only置于句首， 强调方式状语、 条件状语、 地点状语、 时间状语等状语时， 主句要进行部分倒装。如果被only所强调的状语为状语从句， 该状语从句不倒装， 只对主句进行

9、倒装。例如： Only in a big city was it possible to buy a new wheelchair. 只有在大城市里才能买到新轮椅。 Only when we had studied the data again did we realize that there was a mistake. 只有当我们再次研究了这些数据的时候， 我们才意识到出了一个错。注意： 如果放于句首的only所修饰的不是状语时， 该句不用倒装。例如： Only some of the children passed the examination. 只有几个孩子通过了考试。【小试牛刀】

10、1. _ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies. A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet2. Only in this way _ to make improvements in the operating system.A. you can hope B. you did hopeC. can you hope D. did you hope3. _ can you expect to get a rise.A. With hard work B. A

11、lthough work hard C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard 4. Only when your identity has been checked, _.A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed inC. will you allow in D. will you be allowed in5. Only then _ how much damage had been caused.A. she realized B. she had realizedC. had she

12、realized D. did she realize【答案与解析】1. A 【解析】放于句首的only修饰方式状语by keeping down costs时， 全句要进行部分倒装， 而just, still, yet都无此用法。2. C 【解析】 only在题干中放于句首并修饰方式状语in this way， 全句应进行部分倒装。又由于该句4. D 【解析】放于句首的only修饰when引导的时间状语从句时， 主句应进行部分倒装(从句中不进行倒装)。5. D 【解析】放于句首的only修饰时间状语then时， 主句应进行部分倒装， 而且主句中“她意识到”这一过去的动作对应的是“已导致损失”

13、这一发生得更早的动作， 所以下划线应与后面宾语从句中的过去完成时相呼应， 采用一般过去时的形式， 据此可以分别排除选项A、 B和C而选出D。（三）作状语的介词短语放于句首引起的倒装句有时为了强调而将作状语的介词短语放在句首， 而将主语放到句末从而形成倒装， 这种倒装句中的谓语多为以下不及物动词： come, lie, stand, walk, 且为全部倒装的形式。例如： Along the dusty road came a group of tourists. 一群游客沿着尘土飞扬的路走来。In the distance could be seen the purple mountains.

14、 在远处， 可见到紫红色的群山。采用这样的倒装形式有时也是出于全句平衡的考虑：当主语较长时，为了使句子平衡，常以作状语的介词短语开头。例如： On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities. 地上放着一些空调， 它们会被船运到其他城市去。【小试牛刀】1. Just in front of our house _ with a history of 1,000 years. A. does a tall tree stand B. stands a tall treeC.

15、a tall tree is standing D. a tall tree stands2. At the foot of the mountain _. A. a village lie B. lies a villageC. does a village lie D. lying a village3. In the dark forests _, some large enough to hold several English towns.A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakesC. many lakes lie D. many lakes stan

16、d【答案与解析】3. B 【解析】状语前置引起全部倒装， 主语many lakes要完全放于谓语lies(stand通常不与lake连用表示“存在”)之后。（四）结果状语从句对应的so/such位于句首引起的倒装句当“so/such . that .”结构中的so, such连同它所直接修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时， 主句要进行倒装(that后面的结果状语从句不倒装)。例如： So angry was he that he couldnt speak. 他愤怒得一句话也说不出来。(so与作表语的形容词放于句首， 主句呈现全部倒装的形式) So fast does he run that h

17、e is far ahead of others. 他跑得如此快， 以至于远远领先于其他人。(so与修饰谓语run的副词fast放于句首， 主句呈现部分倒装的形式) 【小试牛刀】1. So difficult _ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found2. _ homework did we have to do that we had no time to take a rest.A.

18、 So much B. Too much C. Too little D. So little【答案与解析】1. B 【解析】so difficult放于句首要引起主句的倒装， 结果状语从句中的“I decided to ask Tom for advice”表明整句话是针对过去的(不强调与现在的关联)， 不宜用现在完成时而应采用一般过去时， 因此本题应选B。2. A【解析】结果状语从句中的“we had no time to take a rest”意味着休息时间很少， 应先排除选项C、 D， 又由于放于句首的表语too much不能引起倒装， 而且意思上也难以与全句融合， 所以进一步排除B

19、。（五）顺说倒装句“顺说倒装句”是顺应前面所出现的表述，表明另一种类似情况而形成的部分倒装形式的倒装句， 其基本结构为“so/neither/nor助动词/情态动词/系动词be主语”，用放在句首的so(针对前面肯定性的内容)或者neither, nor(针对前面否定性的内容)表明与前面所说的情况类似的情况。例如： Society has changed and so have the people in it. 社会变了，人也跟着变了。Tom doesnt like bananas. Neither/Nor does his wife. 汤姆不喜欢吃香蕉。他妻子也不喜欢。注意： 如果只是重复前

20、面所说的情况， 表示同意或强调 (意为“是的，确实”)， so (针对前面肯定性的内容) 或者neither, nor (针对前面否定性的内容)引导的句子不用倒装，其基本结构为“so/neither/nor主语助动词/情态动词/系动词be”(这里的主语应与前面句子的主语一致)。例如： She knows little English, so she does. 她英语懂得不多， 的确如此。【小试牛刀】1. If Joes wife wont go to the party, _.A. he will either B. neither will he C. he neither will D.

21、 either he will2. Its burning hot today, isnt it? Yes. _ yesterday.A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it3. Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother? I dont know, _.A. nor dont I care B. nor do I careC. I dont care neither D. I dont care also4. You forgot your purse when you went out. G

22、ood heavens, _.A. so did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did5. Well. I do think the rabbit is a beautiful, gentle animal which can run very fast. _.A. So it is B. So is it C. So does it D. So it does【答案与解析】1. B 【解析】表示Joe跟他妻子一样将不出席宴会， 应选用四个选项中倒装形式的“neither will he”， 选项A、 D不能选是因为“either”表示“也”而不含否定含义

23、。2. A 【解析】表示昨天的炎热状况跟今天的炎热状况一样， 应选用倒装句的结构， 由此先排除选项B和C， 又由于描述昨天的情况应用一般过去时而不是一般现在时， 应进一步排除D而选出A。3. B 【解析】在否定句表示“也”要用either(表示此意时通常放于句末)， 在肯定句中表示“也”则用too(较内容也适合于另一个人， 其带上了谓语部分的实义动词care(若“顺说倒装句”中谓语部分的实义动词与前一句子谓语部分的实义动词相同， 则一般省略掉该倒装句中谓语部分的实义动词)。4. B 【解析】重复前面表述的同一种情况， 表示强调时， so引导的句子不进行倒装。5. A 【解析】 肯定前一句话中的

24、宾语从句“the rabbit is a beautiful, gentle animal”， so引导的句子不进行倒装， 而且so引导的句子中谓语动词要与该宾语从句中的谓语动词相一致。二、强调句的重点知识讲解（一）强调句的否定、疑问句形式以及感叹句形式：强调句型的否定形式、一般疑问句形式、特殊疑问句形式、感叹句形式以及反意疑问句形式：1.否定形式：,如：It was not in England that Olympic Competitions first started. 首届奥运会不是在英格兰举办的。2.一般疑问句形式：Was/Is it + 被强调部分+ that+其他成分？ 【例题

25、】- Wasnt it Dr. Wang who spoke to you just now? - _. A. I didnt know he was B. Yes, it was C. No, he wasnt D. Yes, he did 【答案】B【解析】此句为强调句的一般疑问句的否定形式。其回答有两种可能：“Yes, it was”或“No, it wasnt”，故选B. 3.特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+ was/Is it + 被强调部分+ that+其他成分？例如：What is it that you want me to do? 你要我到底做什么？Who was it that

26、 told you the news？ 是谁告诉你这个消息的？When was it that he first came to China? 他第一次来中国是什么时候？Where was it that you met her? 你到底在哪里见到她的？How was it that he solved the problem? 他究竟是怎么解决那个问题的？事实上，强调句型的特殊疑问句就是就陈述句中的被强调部分进行提问变化而来的。也就是强调部分为疑问词。当含有特殊疑问词的强调句型用在宾语从句中的时候，句型应改为特殊疑问词+it was( is) that +陈述句”，即采用陈述句语序。强调部分

27、为疑问代词或疑问副词时，该强调句句型结构与特殊疑问句句型相同，即：疑问词 + 一般疑问句”。【例题1】 where was it _ the road accident happened yesterday? In front of the market.A. when B. that C. which D. how【例题2】 Why! I have nothing to confess _ you want me to say?A. What is it that B. What it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that 【答案与解析】sa

28、y的宾语。这是一个强调句型的特殊疑问句，被强调部分是what。故选A 4.感叹句形式：What/How加上感叹部分+ it was/is+ that+其他成分！,如：What a wonderful time it was that we had at the party！我们在聚会上过得多么愉快啊！5.反意疑问句形式：强调句型的反意疑问句，后半部分的附加疑问句部分的主语和谓语以及时态要与强调句型本身保持一致,如：It was at eleven last night that I knew the good news, wasnt it?昨天晚上十一点我才知道这个好消息，不是吗？It was

29、 where you come that you should return to, isnt it?你应该回到你来的地方，不是吗？6.强调句型的回答也应该使用强调句式，如：-Was it you that told him about this thing? -Yes, it was.-是你告诉他这件事的吗？ -是的。7.强调句型中的从句，如：Was it at the school which was named after a hero that he spent his childhood?他是以一个英雄的名字命名的学校度过了他的童年吗？（二）固定句型：1. not.until句型变为强调句型时，如要强调until从句时，要把not放到until前，一起强调, 主句由否定句改为肯定句。其基本形式为It is (was) not until+时间状语（短语或者从句）that。比较：He didnt come until six oclock. It was not until six oclock that he came. 直到6点他才回来。注意 not . until 句型的变化。比较下列三个句子：She didnt remember