岩石力学专业词汇.docx

1、岩石力学专业词汇土木工程专业课程双语教学岩石力学英语专业词汇必备(主要选自CHARLES JAEGER 著, ROCK MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING 之 SUBJECT INDEX)戴 俊西安科技大学建筑与土木工程学院二 零 零 三 年 八 月For bi-linguistic teaching of a course in civil engineering specialtyESSENCIAL ENGLISH glossarY FOR ROCK MECHANICS(mainly FROM THE SUBJECT INDEX OF ROCK MECHANICS AND

2、ENGINEERING BY CHARLES JAEGER)J. DAIArchitechure and Civil Engineering College of Xian University of Science and TechnologyAugust, 3002Aabscissa横坐标agar岩石，石头，琼脂age of rocks岩石（地质）年代，岩石时效void index，index of void空隙系数aging of rock masses岩体的时效air，Permeability of rock to岩石的透气性altazimuth高度方位角，地平经纬仪alluvium冲

3、积土，冲积层，泥沙alteration of rock岩石遍化，岩层变化American Society of Engineering Geologists美国工程地质协会American Task Committee美国特别工作委员会amphibolite闪岩amortization阻尼anchorage of cables索锚固，钢索锚固anchored cables锚索compression tests with cables利用锚索进行的压缩试验forces in cables锚索中的力rock reinforcement岩石加固，shear tests with cables锚索剪切

4、试验anchored dams锚固坝，锚杆支护坝体anchors，steel（rock bolts）钢锚杆andesite安山石anisotropy各向异性，有向性，非均质性analysis of 各向异性分析 of rock masses岩体的各向异性 of rock material岩石材料的的各向异性anticline背斜arch of rock，selfsustaining自稳岩石（平衡）拱arch dams拱坝abutments of 拱坝的基础，坝基，拱坝支撑结构drainage for 拱坝排水foundations of 拱坝基础reserve of strength of 拱

5、坝的强度储备rotation of base of 拱坝基础的旋转arch gravity dams重力拱坝，拱形重力坝arching，degree of成拱度，成拱性argilolith(一种岩石)Austrian method奥地利施工法 for estimating rock jointing奥地利岩石节理评估法 for in situ tunnel tests奥地利隧道现场试验法 for tunnel lining奥地利隧道支护法Austrian Society for Geophysics and Engineering Geology奥地利地球物理与工程地质协会Austrian S

6、ociety of Rock Mechanies奥地利岩石力学协会autostabilization of rock slides岩石滑坡自稳化avalanches，comparison of rock slides to岩石滑坡与雪崩的对比azimuth方位角，方位Bbasalt玄武岩bedding joints层理orientation of 层理方向bending test，for tensile strength弯曲拉伸试验bentonite优质粘土bibliography文献，评述，参考书目biotite黑云母biotite gneiss黑云母片麻岩biotite schists黑云

7、母片岩birefringence method of measuring residual rock stress原岩应力双折射测试法blasting，stresses caused by爆破引起的应力，爆破应力blowout of rock masses under dam坝基下的鼓出岩石Bolts (同rock bolts)锚杆bore holes钻孔 in grouting of dam foundations坝基浇筑混凝土中的钻孔measuring deformations of 钻孔变形测量 Boussinesq鲍赛恩斯Boussinesq-Cerrutti equation鲍赛恩斯

8、-斯兰提方程Boussinesq half-space鲍赛恩斯半空间Brazilian tensile test巴西拉伸试验brittle fracture of rock岩石脆性破坏，岩石脆性断裂 at surface地表岩石脆性破坏 under dams坝基岩石脆性破坏 at Vajont威捷岩石脆性破坏buckling strength弯曲强度buttress撑墙，支柱buttress dams支撑坝buttresses，failure of支撑体破坏Ccables，anchored锚索consolidation by means of 锚索加固 for in-situ tests of

9、 deformation用于现场变形试验的锚索calcite方解石Cambrian rocks寒武纪岩石Carboniferous rocks石炭纪岩石catchment集水，汇水caving and subsidence垮落与沉陷，塌陷与下沉cavities，strains and stresses about峒室周围的应变与应力 Hayashis solution哈亚斯的峒室周围的应变与应力解cave岩洞cavern岩洞，大洞cement，grouting with水泥注浆，水泥灌浆cemented rock胶结性岩石chalk白垩characteristics特性，特点，特征 of ro

10、ck masses岩石的特征 of rock material岩石矿物的特性chemical effects of water on rock水对岩石的化学影响，水对岩石的化学作用chert角石，黑硅石chlorite绿泥岩，亚氯酸岩circular loaded plate，strains under应变条件下的圆形加载盘circumfrential stresses，round cavities峒室周围的环向（或切向）应力classification of rocks岩石分类 by crusning strength of rocks 依据破碎强度的岩石分类 by radial perme

11、ability tests依据径向渗透试验的岩石分类cleft劈裂conventional classification传统分类法engineering classification of intact rocks完整岩石的工程分类geological classification of rocks岩石的地质分类classification of rocks by age依据地质年代的岩石分类classification of rocks accordng to：hardness，density，silicon content， rock material，rock quality desig

12、nation (Q.R.D)依据硬度，密度，硅含量，岩石矿物，岩石质量指标的岩石分类rock slides岩石滑动，岩石滑移sandstones砂岩Strain-stress curves应力-应变曲线elastic rock masses，theory of stresses in弹性岩体中的应力理论clastic碎屑的clay-shales粘土质页岩clayey schists粘土质片岩，含粘土片岩clays粘土，泥土shear strength of 粘土的剪切强度slopes of 粘土边坡cleft water pressure裂隙水压力 on slopes边坡裂隙水压力 on tu

13、nnels隧道裂隙水压力 under dams坝底裂隙水压力coagutant凝结剂coal煤cobble大卵石cohesion of rock岩石的粘性loss of 岩石粘性损失low values of 岩石粘性低值collapse of tunnel roof or wall 隧道冒顶或片帮compacted rock压实岩石，压密岩石compactness of rock mass岩体的压实度compression（crushing）strength压缩（破碎）强度conglomerate碎屑岩，砾石correlations of with elasticity压缩强度与弹性的关系

14、with rate of loading压缩强度与加载率的关系 with rebound压缩强度与回弹的关系compression（crushing）strength of dry and wet rock干燥和含水岩石的抗压（破碎）强度compression strength tests抗压强度试验dispersion of result of 压应力试验结果的离差compression stress压应力distribution of 压应力分布 in rock masses岩体中的压应力 on rock samples岩石试件中的压应力分布scale effect in compress

15、ion strength tests压应力试验的尺寸效应compression chamber压力室in-situ compression stress tests现场压应力试验Computer, use of计算机的应用concrete混凝土boundary between rock and 岩石与混凝土的边界comparisons of rock and 岩石与混凝土的比较compression tests on 混凝土压缩（力）试验creep of 混凝土蠕变elasticity of 混凝土弹性shear tests on 混凝土剪切试验stabilization of potenti

16、al rock slides by 利用混凝土稳定潜在的岩石滑坡tunnels lined with 混凝土支护的隧道 uplift pressure in 混凝土中的冻胀压力，混凝土中的向上水压力concreting：early concreting technique混凝土浇筑：早期的混凝土浇筑技术，早期的混凝土应用技术conglomerates骨料，集料consolidation of rock masses by cades, by grouting锚索岩体加固，岩体注浆加固consolidation of rock masses under load载荷作用下的岩体加固continu

17、um rock mechancs连续岩石力学contour diagrams等高线图，轮廓线图convergence in tunnels隧道中的收敛correlations of rock characteristics岩石特性的相关性counterfort护墙，挡墙crushing strength，tensile strength，shear strength versus void index破碎强度，抗拉强度，抗剪强度与空隙度（性）dispersion of crushing strength versus radal percolation tests抗压强度与径向渗透试验的离散性

18、dispersion of Ed (dynamic) versus Es (static), Ed/ Es versus wave lenth , E (plate load tests) versus transversal velocity动态Ed与静态Es，Ed/ Es与波长，E（板加载试验）与横波波速的离散性Coulomb（Coulomb-Mohr）law of shear库仑（库仑-莫尔）剪应力定律或准则counterforts拱柱cracks in Griffith theory of rock rupture格里菲斯岩石断裂理论中的裂纹creep 蠕变 of concrete混凝

19、土蠕变 continuous in the slide, of rock masses, of rock material滑坡中的连续蠕变，岩体蠕变，岩石矿物蠕变velocity of 蠕变速度cretaceous rocks白垩纪岩石cross joints交叉节理，穿透节理 in sedimentary rocks沉积岩中的交叉节理crushing of rock masses岩石破碎 round tunnels隧道周围的岩体破碎crushing strength破碎强度crystalline rock晶状岩石crystallography结晶学Ddam abutment blocks大坝

20、侧向支撑体，大坝端部支撑体dam abutments大坝侧向支撑，大坝端部支撑displacements of 大坝侧向支撑的位移elasticity of 大坝侧向支撑的弹性failure of 大坝侧向支撑的破坏models of大坝侧向支撑模型reinforcement of 大坝侧向支撑的加固stability of 大坝侧向支撑的稳定性stresses in 大坝侧向支撑中的应力dam foundations坝基础anchorage of dams坝体锚固blow out of rock masses under a dam坝下方得岩体爆裂classical approach经典方法

21、consolidation of 坝基加固design and construction of 坝基的设计与施工displacements of 坝基位移drainage of 坝基排水grouting for 坝基注浆failures of 坝基的破坏geomechanical model tests of 坝基的地质力学（岩土力学）模型试验grouting of 坝基注浆percolating water in 坝基渗水 reinforcement of 坝基加固rocks suitable for 坝基岩石稳定性rotation of 坝基旋转stability of 坝基稳定性stra

22、tified foundations层状基础stresses in 坝基中的应力zone of tensile stresses拉应力区dams坝，大坝，水坝 choice of sites for 大坝位置选择 grout curtain under 坝下注浆帷幕 model tests of 大坝模型试验pro 大坝剖面，大坝轮廓，大坝侧面settlement of large 大坝沉降deflectometers挠度计，挠度仪deformability of rock岩石变形能力，岩石变形性deformation变形irreversible 不可逆变形，塑性变形 measurement

23、of 变形测量modulus of 变形模量reversible 可逆变形，弹性变形 in settlement of large dams坝基沉降中的变形density of rock岩石密度deviation（standard）偏差，（标准）偏差diabase辉绿岩diorite闪长岩dip of strata地层倾向，岩层倾斜detritus岩屑，碎屑discontinuities in rock岩石中的断层，岩石中的间断面displacement curves，in shear tests剪切试验中的位移曲线displacement vectors位移矢量displacements位移

24、 in dam abutments坝支撑位移 in dam foundations坝基位移 under loading plates加载板作用下的位移 under point loads点载荷下的位移Dogger limestone朵格尔石灰岩dolomite白云岩，白云石doorstopper method of measuring strain in rock岩石中应变测量的门塞法drainage排水，排水装置 of tunnels隧道排水dynamic tests动态试验dynamics of slides滑坡动力学Eearth dams土坝，泥土坝earthquake地震effecti

25、ve cohesion有效内聚力，有效粘结力，有效凝聚力effective moduus and Poisson ratio有效模量与泊松比effective stress有效应力 in rock masses岩体中的有效应力 in rock material岩石中的有效应力effective shear stress有效剪应力effluent渗漏，流出elastic deformation of rock岩石的弹性变形elasticity modulus E of concrete混凝土的弹性模量E compared with that of rock与岩石相比下的混凝土的弹性模量elast

26、icity modulus E（static）of rock岩石的（静态）弹性模量E at depth深部岩石的弹性模量correlation of differerent determinations of 不同方法确定的弹性模量关系elasticity弹性，弹力 determinations of in dams designing foundation坝基设计中的弹性确定determinations of by seismic wave弹性的地震波法确定determinations of in investigation of dam sites坝体现场研究中的弹性确定determina

27、tions of by ultrasonic wave弹性的超声波法确定 in strain-stress calcutalions应变-应力计算中的弹性确定elasticity modulus Ed（dynamid）of rock岩石的（动态）弹性模量Edratio of static modulus to 岩石的静态模量与动态模量比elasticity modulus Et（ratio of values at 50 and 100 ultimate strength）弹性模量Et（50%极限强度与100%极限强度时的模量值比）elasticity modulus Etotal (rati

28、o of stress to deformation：bulk modulus)弹性模量Etotal（应力与变形比：体积寞量）electrical resistivity method of testing rock masses岩体试验的电阻法epoxy resin环氧树脂 coating or rock sample with 环氧树脂涂层或涂有环氧树脂的岩石试件strength of 环氧树脂的强度equipotential等位，等电位excavations峒室，开挖rock movements caused by 开挖引起的岩石位移（移动）extensometers伸长计，变形测定仪 for boreholes钻孔伸长计，钻孔变形测定仪sonor 带声响的变形测定仪extrados拱背线，外拱线Ffailure of rock岩石破坏，岩石断裂brittle failure, shear failure, tensile failure, visco-plastic failure脆性破坏，剪切破坏，拉伸破坏，粘-塑形破坏 progressive failure of rock mass岩体的渐进破坏failure