1、20XX年考研英语一阅读真题文字版第3页考研doc2018年考研英语一阅读真题(文字版)第3页-考研“2018年考研英语一阅读真题(文字版)”考后发布,更多2018考研答案、2018考研真题等信息,请关注考研网或搜索公众微信号“万题库考研”!Text3Anyfair-mindedassessmentofthedangersofthedealbetweenBritainsNationalHealthService(NHS)andDeepMindmuststartbyacknowledgingthatbothsidesmeanwell.DeepMindisoneoftheleadingartifi
2、cialintelligence(AI)companiesintheworld.Thepotentialofthisworkappliedtohealthcareisverygreat,butitcouldalsoleadtofurtherconcentrationofpowerinthetechgiants.ItIsagainstthatbackgroundthattheinformationcommissioner,ElizabethDenham,hasissuedherdamningverdictagainsttheRoyalFreehospitaltrustundertheNHS,wh
3、ichhandedovertoDeepMindtherecordsof1.6millionpatientsIn2015onthebasisofavagueagreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccountofthepatientsrightsandtheirexpectationsofprivacy.DeepMindhasalmostapologized.TheNHStrusthasmendeditsways.Furtherarrangements-andtheremaybemany-betweentheNHSandDeepMindwillbecarefullyscru
4、tinisedtoensurethatallnecessarypermissionshavebeenaskedofpatientsandallunnecessarydatahasbeencleaned.Therearelessonsaboutinformedpatientconsenttolearn.Butprivacyisnottheonlyangleinthiscaseandnoteventhemostimportant.MsDenhamchosetoconcentratetheblameontheNHStrust,sinceunderexistinglawit“controlled”th
5、edataandDeepMindmerely“processed”it.Butthisdistinctionmissesthepointthatitisprocessingandaggregation,notthemerepossessionofbits,thatgivesthedatavalue.Thegreatquestioniswhoshouldbenefitfromtheanalysisofallthedatathatourlivesnowgenerate.Privacylawbuildsontheconceptofdamagetoanindividualfromidentifiabl
6、eknowledgeaboutthem.Thatmissesthewaythesurveillanceeconomyworks.Thedataofanindividualtheregainsitsvalueonlywhenitiscomparedwiththedataofcountlessmillionsmore.Theuseofprivacylawtocurbthetechgiantsinthisinstancefeelsslightlymaladapted.Thispracticedoesnotaddresstherealworry.Itisnotenoughtosaythatthealg
7、orithmsDeepMinddevelopswillbenefitpatientsandsavelives.Whatmattersisthattheywillbelongtoaprivatemonopolywhichdevelopedthemusingpublicresources.Ifsoftwarepromisestosavelivesonthescalethatdugsnowcan,bigdatamaybeexpectedtobehaveasabigpharmhasdone.Wearestillatthebeginningofthisrevolutionandsmallchoicesn
8、owmayturnouttohavegiganticconsequenceslater.Alongstrugglewillbeneededtoavoidafutureofdigitalfeudalism.MsDenhamsreportisawelcomestart.31.WhaistrueoftheagreementbetweentheNHSandDeepMind?AItcausedconflictsamongtechgiants.BItfailedtopaydueattentiontopatientsrights.CItfellshortofthelattersexpectationsDIt
9、putbothsidesintoadangeroussituation.32.TheNHStrustrespondedtoDenhamsverdictwithAemptypromises.Btoughresistance.Cnecessaryadjustments.Dsincereapologies.33.TheauthorarguesinParagraph2thatAprivacyprotectionmustbesecuredatallcosts.Bleakingpatientsdataisworsethansellingit.Cmakingprofitsfrompatientsdatais
10、illegal.Dthevalueofdatacomesfromtheprocessingofit34.Accordingtothelastparagraph,therealworryarisingfromthisdealisAtheviciousrivalryamongbigpharmas.Btheineffectiveenforcementofprivacylaw.Ctheuncontrolleduseofnewsoftware.Dthemonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants.35.TheauthorsattitudetowardtheapplicationofAItohealthcareisAambiguous.Bcautious.Cappreciative.Dcontemptuous.
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