中考英语语法大全语法大全 形容词副词 人教新目标版.docx

1、中考英语语法大全中考英语语法大全 语法大全语法大全 形容词副词形容词副词 人教新目标版人教新目标版 形容词、副词形容词、副词 (一)知识概要 形容词的用法很活跃，在英语中用处也很多，但英语中修饰可数名词和不可数名词的修饰语和词组有时不同，要特别加以注意。下面将初中学习阶段中遇到的修饰可数名词的词和词组归纳如下：many,no,several,some,a few,a lot,lots,plenty,plenty of,a lot of,a large number of,enough。而修饰不可数名词的词或词组如下：much,no,some,a lot,a great deal,lots,pl

2、enty,a lot of,plenty of。其中 some,no,a lot of,plenty of 既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。英语中形容词与副词有原级、比较级、最高级之分，其规则如下：构词法 原 级 比较级 最高级 加 er，或 est Tall young taller younger tallest youngest 只加 r或 st nice large nicer larger nicest largest 重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音 字母时双写该字母加 er、est big fat hot bigger fatter hotter biggest fattest h

3、ottest 不规则变化的形容词或副词：原 级 比较级 最高级 good better best Well better best bad worse worst badly worse worst many more most most more most little less lest far farther further farthest furthest old older elder oldest eldest 要注意的是许多形容词同时又是副词，如：back,all,alone,either,far,high,slow等。而有些形容词则要经过一定变化才能转为副词，其规律如下：构词

4、法 形容词 副 词 一般加 ly Careful kind carefully kindly 尾是 y时将 y变成 i 加 ly Happy busy easy Happily busily easily 其 他 true terrible full possible shy whole truly terribly fully possibly shyly wholly 在学习过程中要注意其变化。此外并不是所有副词都可以修饰比较级和最高级形容词。能修饰比较级的有：much,yet,far,still,a great deal,even 和 a little.能修饰最高级的有：the very

5、,much the,far等。(二)正误辨析 误 The young likes playing football very much.正 The young like playing football very much.析 定冠词加形容词表示一类人，应作复数看待。而定冠词加形容词表示抽象事物时则要看作单数，如：The beautiful is not always kindness.美丽并不总代表善良。误 The danger has gone,so the worst are over.正 The danger has gone,so the worst is over.析 意为：危险已

6、经过去，最困难的状况已结束。用定冠词加最高级形容词作主语时应看作单数形式。误 It is the gold age of the young.正 It is the golden age of the young.析 golden在英语中多用于比喻，如：golden hair 金发，gulden voice金嗓子。而 gold多用于表达金质的，如：a gold bar金条，a gold coin 金币，但 gold fish 金鱼例外。误 She is a warm heart woman.正 She is a warm hearted woman.析 英语形容词的构词法很多，其中之一是由形容

7、词，或数词，加名词加 ed 构成，如：warm hoarted 热心肠的，white haired 白毛的 误 There is an alive fish in the pool.正 There is a living fish in the pool.析 在初中范围内所学到的以 a字母开头的形容词一般不能作定语，只能作表语。如：The fish is alive.(鱼还活着)这样的形容词有：alive,alike,alone,asleep,afraid,awake等。误 The ill man nearly died.正 The sick man nearly died.析 ill 一般不

8、作定语来形容某人有病，而要用 sick，但作表语时则都可以。如：He is ill sick,ill 作定语时则另有他意，如：ill luck(厄运)，ill nature(天性恶劣),ill temper(心绪不好)误 I have important something to tell you.正 I have something important to tell you.析 不定代词 something,anyone,somebody在用形容词修饰时，形容词应放其后。但要注意 thing则不是不定代词，不符合上述规律。如：I have an important thing to tel

9、l you.误 Ill be free on next Sunday.正 Ill be free next Sunday.析 在表达将来时的时候：next Sunday,next week,next year 或 last Sunday last week,last year前都不加介词。误 The girl is two year old.正 The girl is two years old.正 She is a two year old girl 析 由连字符连接若干名词、数词组成的形容词，在学习时要记住两点，其一是这些词中的名词都不要用复数形式，如：two thousand word

10、report(两千字的报告)；其二是这样构成的形容词只能作定语，即用于名词之前，而不能作表语。误 The foreigners like those little beautiful Chinese paintings.正 The foreigners like those beautiful little Chinese painting s.析 在名词前若有几个形容词作修饰语时，其顺序如下。1.指示代词，定冠词 2.数量词 3.性质词 4.大小 5.形状 6.老少，新旧 7.颜色 8.材料 但要注意的是英语的习惯是一个名词前的形容词一般不要多于三个。如：What a pretty litt

11、le white horse!Those first few short English stories were not difficult to understand.误 The best way to learn English good is to speak with Englishman every day.正 The best way to learn English well is to speak with Englishman every day.析 good是形容词，这里是修饰动词 speak 的，所以应用副词 well，但 well 作形容词讲时只作身体好。如：He i

12、s well.(他身体很好)。He is good.(他是个好人)。误 The children play on the grass nappyly.正 The children play on the grass happily 析 多音节 y结尾的形容词变为副词时应将 y变为 i 再加 ly.误 The teacher looked angry at the students.正 The teacher looked angrily at the students.析 英语中感观动词后面要接形容词，这时它是修饰主语的，如：The food smells good.食物闻起来很香。The t

13、eacher looked angry 老师看起来很生气。而此句的意思为：老师生气地看着学生，所以应用副词形式。误 He worked with me friendly.正 He was friendly to me.析 不是所有结尾是 ly的词都是副词，但 friendly是形容词，这样的词还有lovely,lonely,costly,livelymonthly weekly。但其中有些词既是副词，又是形容词，如：early,hourly,monthly 误 You can speak free in front of your friends.正 You can speak freely

14、in front of your friends.析 free作为形容词意为自由的，有空闲的，免费的。作为副词讲则是免费之意。而 freely作为副词则是自由的，随便的。这些要注意的词还有：hard 努力，艰苦 hardly 几乎不 late 迟，晚 lately 最近的，最新的 near 近 nearly 几乎 like 像 likely 几乎 误 They must have arrived till now.正 They must have arrived by now.析 by now是用于表达到目前为止某一动作已经发生，所以应用瞬间动词。而till now是强调某一动作一直持续到现在

15、，所以一定要用持续性动词。must have+过去分词是对过去某一事情所作的肯定推测。误 Someone called you right now.正 Someone called you just now.析 just now有两个意思，其一是刚才，其二是现在，而 right now 只能用于现在的状态。just 则用于完成时态，如：I have just finished my homework.误 My father will be back from America at present.正 My father will be back from America presently.析

16、 presently有两个意思：其一是最近，不久，其二在美语中是现在之意，与at present 相同。而 for the present 为暂时，如：I teach English in the school for the present.误 Ill be back at the moment.正 Ill be back in a moment.析 at the moment 其意为现在，当时，而 in a moment意为马上过一会，与in a minute意思相近。误 The train from Shanghai will arrive here in time.正 The trai

17、n from Shanghai will arrive here on time.析 on time为准时，而 in time有两个含意。其一是及时，如：The doctor arrived in time。其二是将来，终究。误 I met an old friend sometimes last month.正 I met an old friend sometime last month.析 Sometime 过去，或者将来某时。Sometimes 有时 如：Sometimes I go to school by bus.Some time 一些时间 如：I need sometime t

18、o do my homework.Some times 几次 如：I went to Shanghai sometimes this month.at times 有时，偶尔 at all times 经常 some other time 改天 误 I had met an old friend three days ago.正 I had met an old friend three days before.正 I met an old friend three days ago.*ago 用在时间状语中时，主句中谓语动词一般用过去时，而 before 用于时间状语时则主句的谓语动词宜用完

19、成时态。误 He studied very hard.and at the end he passed the exam.正 He studied very hard,and in the end he passed the exam.析 in the endat last 意为最终，终于，表达经过若干努力而达到的结果。而at the end 是在某事的结束时如何如何，如：At the end of class,the teacher gave us some story books。误 I will come here to help you each three days.正 I will

20、 come here to help you every three days.析 every three days 为每三天，即每隔二天，而 every other day为每隔一天。误 He didnt go to the cinema yesterday.and I didnt go,too.正 He didnt go to the cinema yesterday and I didnt go either.析 英语中表示也，有 4 个字，also,as well,too,either，但 either 用于否定句中，而前 3个用于肯定句中。在肯定句中 too 与 as well 一般

21、要用在句尾，而 also 则可用于句中。如：She went to the party and her boy friend went there too.又如：Ive also read her other novels.误 We should help the poor girl in anyway.正 We should help the poor girl in any way.析 anyway为不管怎么讲，无论如何，如：What a terrible accident,anyway no one was hurt.any way 为任何方式。这种常见的错误还发生在以下几组词中，如：e

22、veryday 日常的 every day 每天 faraway 遥远的 far away 远离 altogether 总计 all together 一块，大家一起 already 已经 all ready 全准备好了 误 You can come to the doctors at anytime.正 You can come to the doctors at any time.析 anytime 是副词 而 any time 中的 time是名词。误 She said nearly nothing.正 She said almost nothing.析 nearly 与 almost

23、的含意相近，在很多场合可以互换，但在否定词前用almost。误 There are too much mistakes in your homework.正 There are too many mistakes in your homework.析 too much 后接不可数名词，如：There is too much water for the flowers.而too many 后加可数名词，much too 后面加形容词，如：It is much too difficult to learn English well.误 It is late enough that we can g

24、o home now.正 It is late enough for us to go home now.析 要注意的是 enough后面一般不接从句而接不定式，或不定式的复合结构：for somebody to do something。误 The twins are very alike.正 The twins are much alike.析 用 a为首字母的形容词不能用 very修饰，一般要用 much来修饰。误-How long does he write to his parents?-Once a week.正-How often does he write to his par

25、ents?-Once a week.析 英文与中文表达法不同，隔多长时间办一次某事，实际上问的是该事发生的频率，所以要用 how often。误 As soon as I arrive in New York,Ill call up you.正 As soon as I arrive in New York,Ill call you up.析 当动词词组的宾语是人称代词时则一定要放于动词之后，如果是名词则可以放在词组其后。如：I want to watch TV.Please turn on the TV.也可以讲：Please turn the TV on.误 He drove quickl

26、y his new car.正 He drove his new car quickly.析 副词在句 中的位置很活，但主要有以下几种用法：实意动词之前，如：He quickly give me the answer.在 be 动词之后，如：The little boy is often late for class.第一助动词之后，如：This book has almost been finished.在单独使用的 be动词和助动词之前，如：Can you help me this afternoon?I certainly can.但是无论如何也不能将副词置于动词与宾语之间，如果是宾语从

27、句或是很长的名词 词组作宾语则才可以这样用：He heard clearly what the teacher said.误 The children came late yesterday to the cinema.正 The children came late to the cinema yesterday.析 表示一定长度的时间的副词不应放于句中，可放于句尾。如果表示强调则可放于句首。误 You have few new books,havent you?正 you have few new books,have you?析 英语中的数量形容词有两组。修饰可数名词的有 few(很少，

28、几乎没有)，a few(有一些，几个)；修饰不可数名词的有 little(很少，几乎没有)，a little(有一点，有一些)。要注意的是当 few 和 little用于句中时应看作否定句，而 a few 和 a little 用于句中时则应看作是肯定句。误 He spent quite little money on his food.正 He spent quite a little money on his food.析 quite a 为一固定用法，其意为十分，相当，所以。quite a fewmany,quite a littlemuch 而 only a littlelittle,

29、only a few=few.误 Do you want to have many bread?正 Do you want to have some bread?析 some与 any都可以用作形容词、副词或代词，在一般情况下，some用于肯定句，any用于疑问句和否定句，但在希望得到肯定答复时，应用 some。其次是 some 可以用来修饰可数名词和不可数名词。误 Please tell me where the shoes shop is?正 Please tell me where the shoe shop is.析 在用名词作修饰词来修饰另一名词时，这个作修饰词的名词应用单数形式，如

30、：a shoe shop 鞋店 a fruit shop 水果店 a book shop 书店 a post office 邮局 a police station 警察局 a bus stop 汽车站 误 He is weak at physics.正 He is weak in physics.析 在表达擅长于作某事时用 be good at something,而其反意词为 be bad at something，但 be weak in something。误 This dictionary is worth to buy.正 This dictionary is worth buyin

31、g.析 be worth 后可接动、名词表达值得作某事，又可接价格、金钱表示值多少钱。误 Dont afraid of that.正 Dont be afraid of that.析 afraid 在英文中是形容词而不是动词。这样的词组还有：be afraid of 害怕 be careful of 小心 be certain of 有把握，确定 be sure of 确信 be glad of 高兴 be sick of 厌恶 be fond of 喜欢 误 The work has already been done well.正 The work has already been wel

32、l done.析 well 与 badly作副词时，表示好坏，如果句子是被动语态，则应放在过去分词之前，如：This machine has been badly damaged.如果句子是主动语态，则应放于句末，如：I did my homework well.误 We are yet in the classroom now.正 We are already in the classroom now.析 already主要用于肯定句，而 yet 多用于否定句和疑问句中，如：Did you finish it?No.not yet.误 Look.Here comes he!正 Look!He

33、re he comes!误 Look!Here the bus comes!正 Look!Here comes the bus!析 在句子开头用 Here时，如主语是人称代词则不要用倒装语序，如果主语是名词则要用倒装语序。误 She is my older sister.正 She is my elder sister.析 elder 和 eldest 是用来指家庭中兄弟姐妹的长幼关系，而 older,oldest 则是指岁数大多少，如：She is three years older than I.误 Im tired.I cant go further.正 Im tired.I cant go farther.析 far有两个比较级 farther 较远的，further 进一步的，如：Do you need any further explanation?你需要进一步的解释吗?当然它