虚拟语气讲解及练习题含答案和解释.docx

1、虚拟语气讲解及练习题含答案和解释高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。具体情况请看下表：条件状语从句主 句与过去事实相反had + 过去分词should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were)would/should/could/might + 动词原形与将来事实相反一般过去时或should(were to) +

2、 动词原形would/should/could/might + 动词原形例句：（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldnt have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观

3、愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应

4、根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。例如：If we hadnt been working hard in the past few years ，things wouldnt be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如：But for the help from you ， I would not have had the chance to go to

5、college.二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气，表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不同，虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。（一）should类这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的，should可以省略。其具体运用体现在：1. 在suggest ， order， demand ， propose， command， request， desire，insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：He suggests that she should le

6、ave the house at once.The leader ordered that the task（should） be finished as soon as possible.He proposed that we （should）deal with the problem by the view of development.2. 与suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，desire，insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion，order，demand，proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：T

7、he general sent the order that the battle（should）be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.My proposal is that we（should） set a deadline for handing in the plan.3. 在It is/was suggested （ordered，demanded，proposed，etc.）结构以及necessary，essential，important，strange，natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：Its

8、requested that we （should）keep the stability of the society for the peoples peaceful life.It is necessary that the badly wounded man（should） be treated immediately.（二）过去时态类英语中，还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子，也要使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态（如：一般过去时、过去完成时等）来体现的。1. wish，would rather 后的宾语从句。如：He wished he had never bee

9、n involved in such affairs.I would rather you could teach me again.2. as if，as though引导的从句。如：The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.3. 由if only （要是，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。如：If only I had passed the test！If only it stopped raining！4. It is（about

10、/high） time 后的定语从句。如：It is time we went out for a walk.It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment.三、虚拟语气的其它用法在英语中，一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子，也需要使用虚拟语气。如：Would you mind smoking here？May you be lucky！Long live the people of China！God save me.虚拟语气练习题1Without electricity, human life quit

11、e difficult today.Awould be Bwill beCwould have been Dis【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：没有电，人类今天的生活将会相当困难。虚拟语气中的“含蓄之美”指的是含蓄虚拟语气。因为有时假设的情况并不是以if引导的条件从句形式出现，而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在，常用的词语有with, without, but for, otherwise, or，even, in case of, what if(如果将如何)等等，这种句子往往有主句而无从句。由“today”可知，表示的是与现在事实相反的假设，所以主语从句谓语形式为wou

12、ld be。故A选项正确。2Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill and her parents suggested that she _ a medical exam.Abe; should have Bwas; haveCshould be; had Dwas; had【答案】B【解析】【详解】试题分析：考查suggest的用法：句意：Jane的苍白的脸表明她病了，她的父母建议她去体检。第一个suggest是“表明，显示”的意思，后面的be动词视整句时态而定，为过去式。第二个suggest是“建议”的意思，后面是一个虚拟语气，固定用法为“（sho

13、uld）do sth”，其中should常省略。选B。考点：考查suggest的用法3 for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.AIf it is not BWere it notCHad it not been DIf it were to be【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有那些免费的票，我不会去影院这么频繁。If虚拟条件句的否定（含蓄条件句）常考两个句型：If it werent for和If it hadnt been for，其意为“若不是(有)”“要不是”。从句中如果有

14、助动词had, should或were时，可以省略if，而从句使用倒装语序。故选C。4Wouldnt you rather your child_ successful with his study and on the scholarship?Abecome BbecameCwould become Dbecomes【答案】B【解析】【详解】试题分析：句意：难道你不想让你的孩子在学业上成功，获得奖学金吗？would rather后面的从句用虚拟语气，和现在相反的情况用一般过去式，所以选B。考点：考查虚拟语气5If it _ not for all the cars and passers-b

15、y with cameras, you _ think you have magically traveled back to the 14 century.Ais will Bhad been wouldCwere will Dweremight【答案】D【解析】【详解】试题分析：句意：如果不是因为所有的汽车和带照相机的过路人，你可能会认为你奇迹般的回到了14世纪。从句意看，这是一种不真实的情况，用虚拟语气，因为是和现在相反的情况，所以if的从句用be动词的过去时were，主句用情态动词might do，所以选D。考点：考查情态动词和虚拟语气6_the problem, he wouldnt

16、 have committed those mistakes.AIf he understood BHad he understood CWhen he had understood DIf he would understood【答案】B【解析】【详解】表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。had he understood the problem是省略的倒装形式，正常结构是If he had understood the problem。句意：如果他理解了这个问题，他就不会犯那些错误。7It was Mr. Zhang that helped us out of the trouble. With

17、out his help, we _ it so easily.Acant manage Bmustnt have managedCcouldnt have managed Dcouldnt manage【答案】C【解析】【详解】试题分析：考查虚拟语气。根据heiped可知，是发生的事情，对过去虚拟，主句用would/could/should have done故选C考点：考查虚拟语气8Dont forget to bring your camera with you, Jack.Oh, thank you. I wouldnt bring it if you _ me.Awouldnt re

18、mind Bhavent remindedCshouldnt have reminded Dhadnt reminded【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查错综条件的虚拟语气。句意：不要忘记带上你的相机，杰克。啊，谢谢。如果你不提醒我，我不会带的。本题主句涉及的时间是将来，从句涉及的时间是过去，条件从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时，谓语动词的形式要根据各自所表示的时间来调整，这种现象叫做错综时间虚拟语气。本题从句表示与过去事实相反，过去事实上是“提醒”了，故用过去完成时。9He insisted that he _ the money and _ he _ set free.A

19、didnt steal, /, be Bsteal, that, should beCdidnt steal, that, should be Dsteal, /, was【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查insist的用法。Insist做坚持说解时从句与主句时态相同；做坚决要求.该.解时后接that+主语+should+动词原形；根据句意那个男孩坚持认为他没有错，并且坚决要求马上释放他。故选C。【名师点睛】insist引导的宾语从句的时态有两种理解.1.insist如果解释为坚持说,坚持认为即其宾语从句的动作是个已经发生的动作,则宾语从句的时态为正常用法.所以该句“he (not) steal

20、the money”是个已经发生的事实,且其发生在insisted之前,所以“过去的过去”,就改用过去完成时了.2.insist如果解释2为“坚持要求,坚持主张”即其宾语从句的动作尚未发生时,这宾语从句的时态必须使用虚拟语气,即（should）+ 动词原形.所以该句“he （be set free） at once”在当时是个尚未发生的动作,必须使用虚拟语气,所以该写成he (should) be set free at once.10Did you make it at last?Yes. But for your help, it_a serious loss.Awould cause B

21、must have causedCwould have caused Dmay cause【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。答句第二句为含蓄条件句，but for引出虚拟条件，此处表示对过去情况的虚拟，故句子谓语形式为would/should/could/might have done。根据句意可知选C。11If you _ to my advice carefully, you wouldnt have made such a terrible mistake.Alistened Bhave listenedCwould listen Dhad listened【答案】D【解析】【详解

22、】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你仔细听我的建议，你就不会犯如此严重的错误了。根据后面you wouldnt have made such a terrible mistake.可知，表示与过去事实相反的假设，其结构为：从句(If+主语+had+过去分词)，主句(主语+shouldwould+have+过去分词)。故选D。12How come you have failed again?Were I you,I_it the first time.Apassed Bwould passCwould have passed Dhad passed【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查错综时间虚拟条件句。句意：

23、你怎么又失败了？如果我是你，第一次就通过了。此处是虚拟语气，从句表示与现在事实相反，省略了if；根据the first time可知，主句表示与过去事实相反，动词用would have +过去分词，故选C。【名师点睛】虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，要区别对待。从句表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；如果表示与现在事实相反，则用一般过去时。而主句的动作如果与过去事实不符，则用would have done结构；如果与与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符，则用would do或would be (doing)。如从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：If

24、 I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会是工程师了。此处从句指与过去事实相反，当初没有努力学习，主句和现在事实相反，指现在就是工程师了。从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。从句现在事实是他不认识她，主句与过去事实相反，指他没去问候。从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如：If it had not bee

25、n raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。从句与过去相反，指今年下雨很多，主句与现在情况相反，指庄稼没有长好。本题是第二种用法，从句与现在事实相反省略了if，根据the first time可知，主句和过去事实相反，动词用would have +过去分词。13Did you enjoy your trip?Yes. But for your advice, we _ our stay in London half as much.Adidnt enjoy Bhadnt enjo

26、yedCwouldnt enjoy Dwouldnt have enjoyed【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：你旅途愉快吗?是的，要不是你的建议，我们在伦敦的逗留时间不会有那么多。此处是虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，谓语动词用would have+过去分词，But for相当于if虚拟语气的从句部分，此处用否定式，故答案为D。14Jack wasnt saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him _he had done something very clever.Aas if Bin caseCwhile Dthough【答案】A【

27、解析】【详解】考查状语从句。句意：Jack什么也没说，但老师向他笑了笑，好像他做了件聪明的事情一样。A. as if好像；B. in case以防；C. while当的时候；D. though尽管。根据句意，空格处需要填入“好像，仿佛”。故选A。15Had he picked up some Sichuan dialect when he studied with his classmates from Sichuan, hewith the old local villagers tomorrow.Aspoke Bcould speakCcould have spoken Dwill spe

28、ak【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他在和来自四川的同学一起学习时学会了一些四川方言的话，明天他就能和当地的老村民进行交流了。本句是错综时间条件句，省略了if的从句用了过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的情况；而根据主句中表示将来的时间状语tomorrow可知，主句表示与将来事实相反的情况，谓语动词应用would/could/might/should do。故选B项。16The Smiths would like to _ on a trip to Beijing, but it was called off because of their fathers illness.Ag

29、o Bhave gone Cgoing Dhaving gone【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：史密斯夫妇本来想要去北京旅行，但是因为他们父亲生病了，所以旅行取消了。Would like to have done是虚拟语气的一种表达方式，表示“本来已经做了，但实际上并没有做”，根据句意可知，事情发生在过去，因为他们父亲生病所以他们没有去北京，句子表达的是他们希望已经去北京了但实际上没去，应用have gone，故选B。17As many as 150 people died in the explosion. If only the owners _ enough attenti

30、on to the safety measures!Apaid Bshould payCwould pay Dhad paid【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：多达150人在爆炸中丧生。要是业主对安全措施给予足够的重视就好了！根据句意可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的情况，应使用过去完成时。故D选项正确。【点睛】If only:常常用来表示强烈的愿望，使用虚拟语气时和wish类似，表达强烈的遗憾或与真实条件不符的愿望。因而使用起来的形式也与wish相同。1.表示与将来情况不同：if only 从句主语would(could, might)+动词原形eg：If only she would try again.我希望她能再试一次。2.表示与现在情况不同：if only从句主语动词过去式eg：If only I wasnt going to London.我希望我没去过伦敦。3.表达与过去情况不同：if only从句主语would/could have/had过去分词eg：If only you had come to my birthday party.