高考复习之代词讲解.docx

1、高考复习之代词讲解龙文教育学科老师个性化教案教师袁盼学生姓名上课日期学科英语年级高三教材版本人教版学案主题高考复习之代词课时数量（全程或具体时间）第（1）课时授课时段教学目标教学内容高考复习之代词个性化学习问题解决同上教学重点、难点难点：语法点讲解及运用重点：同上教学过程不定代词：不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有all，both，each，every，some，any，many，much，（a）few，（a）little，one，ones，either，neither，other，another，no，none以及含有some-，any-，no-等的合成代词（如：a

2、nybody，something，no one）。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，但none和由some，any，no，every+thing，-body，-one构成的复合不定代同（如somebody等）只能作主语、宾语或表语；every和no只能作定语。（这些词作定语时，有些语法书称之为形容词）下面我们把一些主要的不定代词用法归纳如下：some，any可与单、复数可数名词和不可数名词连用。some一般用于肯定句中，any一般用于否定旬、疑问句和条件句中。I have some science books.我有一些科技书。（some在肯定句中译为一些）T

3、here is some ink in the bottle.瓶子里有一些墨水。I havent any money.（=I have no money.）Do you have any？我一分钱都没有了，你有（钱吗）？注意notany =noany在否定句、问句中不须译出来。You can ask me if you have any questions.条件句）如果你有任何问题，你都可以问我。2.some，any与-thing，-body，-one构成的合成词的用法与some，any一样。I dont know anything about it .(I know nothing abou

4、t it .)关于这件事，我什么都不知道。Anybody can do it.任何人都可以做这件事。注意something，anything，nothing三者跟形容词时，形容词要放在它们的后面。3.在疑问句中，一般不用some，只有当问句表示一种邀请或请求，或期待一个肯定的回答时才能用some。Will you have some tea？你喝茶吗？（表邀请）Did somebody call me this morning？今天上午有人给我打电话吧？（表可能已约好）4.在否定句中，some表示半否定，any表示全否定。I dont know some of you.我只认识你们中的一些人。

5、（我不会认识你们）I dont know any of you.你们，我一个也不认识。5.some用于单数可数名词前时，表示“某个”，而不是“一些”。This morning some boy asked for you.今天上午，有个男孩要求见你。There must be some reason for what hes done.他干这些事，肯定有某种原因。比较Is there anything to eat？有什么吃的吗？（不知有没有，只是问一问）Is there something to eat？有一些吃的吧？（希望，而且断定会有）all，both的用法All of them go

6、to the movies.他们都去看电影。Both of my parents are healthy.我的双亲身体都健康。1.all代表或修饰两个以上的人或物，或不可数的东西。在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。All of us like her.（作主语）=We all like her.（作同位语）我们所有的人都喜欢他。All the oil（不可数名词）has been used up.（作主语）所有的油都用完了。Thats all for today.（作表语）今天就到这儿了。You havent eaten all（of）the bread.（作宾语）你的面包没有吃完。A

7、ll the students were there.（作定语）所有的学生都在那儿。注意 ：all，both的位置和频度副词一样放在be动词、情态动词及助动词之后，如有多个助动词，则放在第一个助动词之后。放在一般动词（实义动词）之前。They all（both）went there.他们（两个）全都去那里了。2.both是指两者都；而all是指三个和三个以上的人或物都。在句中可作主语、宾语、同位语和定语。注意它们的区别：比较 They were all waiting outside the gate.他们（三个以上）都在大门外等着。 They were both waiting outsid

8、e the gate.他们两个都在大门外等着。each，every的用法On each（every）side of the square there were policemen.在广场的四周都有警察。1.从数量上看：each用来指两个或两个以上的人或物中的一个。every则指两个以上的人或物中的一个。There are many trees on each side（不能用every side）of the street.大街的两侧有许多大树。On each（every）side of the square there were soldiers.广场的四周都是士兵。2.从含义和语法功能上看

9、：each是“单个”的意思，侧重于个体、个性，在句中可作主语、同位语、定语和宾语。而every是“每一个”的意思，侧重全体、整体、共性。在句中只能作定语，也就是说它后面必须跟着名词。含有every的词组every week每周every two weeks每两周every other day（week，line）每隔一天（每隔一周，每隔一行）every other ten days每隔十天Every student is here.=All the students are here.所有的学生们都出席了。（强调整体）Each of the boys has a bike.每个男孩子都有一辆自

10、行车。（each作主语，强调个体，每一个）。There are flowers on each side of the river.作定语）河两岸都是花。Two men came and I gave a book to each.作宾语）两个人来了，我给他们每人一本书。each作同位语时在句子中位置及谓语动词的变化。The students have two pens each.（作同位语）每个学生有两支钢笔。They each have two pens.（作同位语）他们每人有两支钢笔。Each of the students has two pens.（作主语）每个学生有两支钢笔。Eac

11、h of them has two pens.（作主语）他们每人有两支钢笔。注意：every在句中只能作定语，而它的合成词只能作主语、宾语和表语，而不能作定语，也就是说every后面必须跟名词，而它的合成词后面绝不可能跟名词。Every boy is here .=Everybody is here.每个人都在。either，neither，both的用法either：指两者中的任意一个。neither：指两者中没有一个，全否定。both：指两者都，肯定。在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。Neither of the films is good.两部电影都不好。（没有一部是好的）Either of

12、the films is good.（作主语，谓语动词用单数）两部电影中有一部不错。He wrote to neither of them.他没给他们两个任何一个人写信。He wrote to either of them.（作宾语）他给他们中的一个人写了信。Neither teacher often answers the questions.这两个老师，没有一个经常解答问题。Either teacher often answers the questions.这两个老师中有一位常常解答问题。Both the teachers often answer the questions.（作定语）

13、这两个老师都常常解答问题。注意标题上三词作定语时的比较，both后面的名词要用复数，谓语动词用复数。either和neither后面的名词要用单数，谓语动词用单数。1.another（=an other），别的、另一个，泛指众多中一个，一般后面接单数名词，前面不能加定冠词。This book is too difficult for me.Will you please give me another one（=another book）？（another指许多书中的一本作定语）I dont like this one. Show me another.（another作宾语）He got t

14、hree books；one is a dictionary，another is a play，the third is a grammar.他买了三本书，一本是字典，另一本是剧本，还有一本是语法书。（another作主语）有时another用在复数名词前译“再、又”。You may stay for another ten days.你可以再住十天。2.the other表示两个中的一个，常与one连用。onethe otherI have two pencils；one is red；（and）the other is blue.There are only two books left

15、. But I dont like this one. Will you please show me the other？惯用词组each other one another互相 one after another一个接一个 the other day前几天3.other+名词=others（别的）Some are listening to the radio，others are watching TV.Some students went to the Summer Palace. Other students（=others）stayed at home last Sunday. 4.

16、 the other +名词=the others，译为其余的，相当于the rest。There are thirty students in our class. Twenty are girls. The other students（=the others）are boys. Some of the pencils are red. The others（=the other pencils）are green.比较Some of the pencils are red，others（=other pencils）are green.有些铅笔是红的，还有一些是绿的。（暗示可能还有些笔是

17、别的颜色的：白色的、黄色的）5. one的用法1.one（一个），可以指人，也可以指物。在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。one（主语）should not praise oneself（宾语）.一个人不应炫耀自己。（one作主语和宾语）If one wants to visit the city，one must find ones own guide.如要参观这个城市，得自己找向导。2.one，ones（one的复数形式）可用来代替前面出现过的少数名词，以避免重复。Do you have a car？Yes，I have one.你有一辆小汽车吗？是的，我有一辆。I like small car

18、s better than large ones.我喜欢小汽车，不喜欢大汽车。3.one的前面可用this，that，the，which等词修饰。There are three pens，which one is yours，this one or that one or the one in the pencil-box？这儿有三支钢笔，哪一支是你的？这支？那支？还是在铅笔盒里的那支？4.a+形容词+one这一形式，经常见到或使用。I have an old bike，but he has a new one.我有辆旧自行车，他有辆新的。own后面不用oneYour shoes dont f

19、it me， Id better wear my own.我穿你的鞋不合适，我最好还是穿我自己的。比较it和one的比较it用来指特定的东西（the+名词）；而one则用于替代不特定的东西（a，an+名词）You have a pen，can I use it（=the pen）？你有一支钢笔，我可以用它（这支钢笔）吗？（特指）Do you have a pen？Yes，I have one（=a pen）.你有钢笔吗？是的，我有一支。（泛指）6.many，much的用法 注意Many（of）the students have sports.（作主语）许多学生参加体育锻炼。He has not

20、 got much time to go over his lessons.（作定语）他没有多少时间复习功课了。We are many；you are few.（作表语）我们是多数，你们是少数。She has much（work）to do.（作宾语）她有许多工作要去做。考点五：反身代词一：了解反身代词的含义反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词。它的基本含义是：通过反身代词指代主语，使施动者把动作在形式上反射到施动者自己。因此，反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称、性质、数上保持一致。二：反身代词的构成规律第一、二人称的反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加上-self或-selves（s

21、elves-是当形容词性物主代词为复数时才用的）构成的。如：I-myselfwe-ourselves you（单数）- yourselfyou（复数）- yourselves 第三人称的反身代词是由人称代词的宾格加上-self或-selves（selves-是当形容词性物主代词为复数时才用的）构成的。如：she-herself it-itselfthey-themselvesone-oneself三：反身代词在实际中的具体用法1.非强调用法 这种用法通常表示反身代词与句中的主语是同一人。它在句中作宾语，不能省略，否则该句是一个意义不完整的错句。例如：Jane is too young to l

22、ook after herself.（简年纪太小，以至于不能照看自己） I teach myself English.（我自学英语） He didnt hurt himself, thank goodness.(他未伤了他自己，谢天谢地。) 2.强调用法 反身代词在强调用法中表示强调，即用来加强某个名词或者代词的语气，可译成“亲自”、“本人”。此时，它在句中作同位语。即使去掉，也不影响句子的完整性。例如： You must do it yourself.(你必须自己做) I myself did the homework last night。（昨晚是我自己做了家庭作业） 3.与by搭配 当反

23、身代词与by搭配时，意为：单独地，没有人帮助的。例如： We must finish it all by ourselves.（我们必须全靠自己去完成。） He can swim all by himself.（他能独自一个人游泳。） 四：反身代词用法注意哪些1.反身代词不能做主语，但可作主语同位语，放在主语后或句末。如： 我自己去了电影院。 错：Myself went to the cinema . 对：I went to the cinema myself. 2.反身代词可以作宾语的同位语。You can go and ask John himself.你可以去问约翰本人。3.反身代词可以

24、作介词的宾语。 by oneself 全靠自己； say to oneself 自言自语。 She learnt swimming all by herself. 她是自学游泳的。 She said to herself,Who am I? 她自言自语的说：“我是谁？” 4.反身代词作动词的宾语 enjoy oneself 玩得高兴； help oneself (to) 随便用； hurt oneself 伤害自己； teach oneself 自学； get dressed oneself 自己穿衣巩固练习1. The scarf is _, she made it_.A. herself,

25、 her B. herself, hers C. hers, herself D. her, herself2.Liu Hulans death was great. She thought more of others than _.A. her B. she C. hers D. herself3. Luckily, he didnt hurt _ terribly yesterday. A. him B. themselves C. himself D. they4. I cant mend my shoe _. Can you mend it for _?A. myself, me B

26、. myself, I C. me, I D. I, me5. I like watching _ in the mirror. A. me B. I C. my D. myself6. Those girls enjoyed _ in the party last night.A. them B. they C. themselves D. herself7. Help _ to some fish, children.A. yourself B. your C. yours D. yourselves8. The film _ is very fun.A. its B. itself C.

27、 it D. its9. Who teaches _ math? I teach _.A. your, my self B. you, myself C. you, me D. you, herself10. The father will make _ a bike _.A. her, himself B. she, himself C. her, herself D. she, herself书面表达 当前不少文学作品被改编成电影。有人选择看电影，有人则喜欢读原著。请你以“Film or book, which do you prefer?”为题，按照下列要点写一篇英语短文：看电影：省时、

28、有趣、易懂读原著：细节更多、语言优美我的看法及理由注意：1、词数：100-120 文章题目和开头已给出（不计入词数）。 2、参考词汇： original work 或 book in the original （原著）Film or book, which do you prefer?Some of us think that it is better to see the film than to read the book in the original. 参考范文Some of us think that it is better to see the film than to read

29、 the book in the original. The reason is that it takes less time to understand the whole story. Besides, the film is usually more interesting, and it is easier to follow.Some others have just the opposite opinion. They think that they can get more detailed information from the original. Meanwhile, t

30、he language in the book is possibly more lively and beautiful.Personally, I agree with the second view. Actually I have more reasons for it. I think I can stay at home, reading quietly in a situation of my own, and whats more, I am able to better understand the authors ideas. In a word, to read the original work is better than to see the film based on it.高考作文讲解一、评分原则1.本题总分为30分，按5个档次给分2.先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次， 然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整，最后给分。3.应注意的主要方面为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性以及上下文的连贯性。4.词数少于100，从总分中酌情扣分，最多扣2分。5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一方面，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。6.若书写较差，以及影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。第五档（25-30分）