高中英语必修10Module3SlaveryandtheAmericanCivilWarGrammarandUsage.docx

1、高中英语必修10Module3SlaveryandtheAmericanCivilWarGrammarandUsage2019-2020年高中英语必修10Module3SlaveryandtheAmericanCivilWar-GrammarandUsageStep 1: General introduction to Grammar 1 and 2language in use (1) and (2)The “little” words in English make up a large percentage of the language. They do not always have

2、 clear meaning in the way other vocabulary does. However, words like “at; all; too; put; used; being” are often part of everyday expressions which are very useful to try and learn.1. Warming up Warm up by reading. Read the following sentences and pay much attention to “at” in each sentence.1. The th

3、ree men stayed at a hotel.2. Lincoln was killed at about 10 oclock in the evening.3. Solomon Northrup was good at (playing) the violin.4. Look at the picture of the cotton plantation.5. At the beginning, it was a collection of 13 different states.6. Solomon often stayed at home playing the violin.7.

4、 They were all very excited at the news that they were free ever since then. 8. From 1861 to 1865 the whole nation were at war.2. Summary about “at”We use “at” nearly every day. Usually it is used as a preparation and can be used in many situations.1. verb+ at 其中at表示“指向某一目标，到达某地”：arrive at 抵达 call a

5、t 访问某地 catch at(it) 当场抓住e at 攻击 fire at 向开 glance at 瞟一眼glare at 怒目而视 grieve at 忧伤 knock at 敲 laugh at 嘲笑 look at 看一眼 pull at 拉扯rejoice at 对高兴 smile at向某人微笑 shoot at朝射击stare at怒目而视 thrust at刺向 tear at撕tremble at颤抖 wonder at吃惊 work at工作Dont let me catch you again at it. 不要再让我当场逮住你。 We must “shoot the

6、 arrow at the target”. 我们必须有的放矢。 2. be +形容词/过去分词+ at 其中at表示“情绪、情感的原因，或对某物具有某种感情”： be angry at恼怒于 be alarmed at对保持警觉 be astonished at对吃惊be bad at不擅长 be clever at对某事很灵巧 be delighted at高兴be disgusted at厌恶 be disappointed at对失望 be good at擅长be mad at狂热于 be impatient at对不够耐心 be pleased at对感到高兴be present a

7、t出席 be satisfied at满意 be surprised at吃惊be shocked at 对非常震惊 be terrified at受到的恐吓 be quick at对很机敏They were overjoyed at his return to work. 他们对他重返工作感到欣喜。 They are alarmed at the growth of the liberation movement in the colonies. 他们对殖民地日益壮大的解放运动警觉起来。 3. at+名词构成的词组:at a distance在一定距离 at a loss不知所措 at a

8、time一次at all一点也不 at any cost不惜一切代价 at best最好也只是at first起初 at hand手头 at heart在内心里at home在家; 无拘束 at last最后 at least至少at most最多 at once马上 at present目前at sea不知所措 at times有时 at will任意地at work起作用 at worst最坏。 4.其它含有at的短语：work hard at勤奋工作 drop in at顺路拜访高考链接1. John became a football coach in Sealion Middle S

9、chool _ the beginning of March. (2005上海) A. on B. for C. with D. at 2. -You know, Bob is a little slow _ understanding, so -So I have to be patient _ him.(xx重庆) A. in; with B. on; with C. in; to D. at; for3. During the ten-day vacation, they traveled to France _ their own expense. (2005海淀) A. on B.

10、with C. at D. in4. Mr Smith sold that magnificent cottage of his on the sea _ 2,000 dollars. (2005西城区) A. at B. for C. to D. by5. He told me that if I looked for best _ people, I would get the best in return. (2005山东) A. on B. in C. at D. aboutKeys: 1-5 DACBB3. Summary about “all” 1.成语中的all Used as

11、adj.all attention全神贯注 all ears聆听 all energy干劲冲天all eyes目不转睛 all legs瘦长 all smiles满脸笑容all thumbs笨手笨脚 all tears眼泪汪汪这些词组在句中多作表语，表示状态和情绪等。类似的词组还有:all bones瘦骨伶仃 all ages 各种年龄 all kindness 非常亲切all heart待人真诚 all flesh众生 all appearance显然all ones life一生 all the time一直 all the fashion极时髦 all disappointment令人失

12、望 all sweetness非常亲切They were all attention in class. 他们上课时聚精会神。 When the teacher was telling the story, the students were all ears.老师讲故事时, 学生们仔细倾听。 The young man was all energy. 小伙子劲头十足。 He was all eyes as the train sped through the country. 当火车从乡下急驰而过时，他凝神眺望。 His little son was all legs. 他的小儿子细高个。

13、Parents rushed out to meet the guest, all smiles. 父母忙出去迎客，笑容满面。 Henry tried to fix the chair, but he was all thumbs. 享利想把椅子修好，但他笨手笨脚。 Hearing the bad news, the little girl was all tears. 听到噩耗，小女孩失声痛哭。 Used as adv. all alone独自一人 all along一直 all for 完全赞成all in 精疲力竭 all out竭尽全力 all up完蛋all wet湿透 all ro

14、und 全面 all there头脑清醒all through在整个期间 all together总计 all clear解除警报all ready一切就绪 all square势均力敌。I went out all along yesterday.昨晚我独自一人出门。 But I knew that all along.但是我一开始就知道此事。 Im all for accepting the offer.我极力赞成接受此项提议。 He was all in at the end of the race.赛跑结束时他已筋疲力尽。 He was going all out.他正全力以赴。 It

15、s all up with him now.他现在一切都完了。 We were all wet in the rain.大家在雨中都淋湿了。 all of结构中的all all of a sweat 一身大汗 all of a tremble浑身发抖 all of a sudden突然all of a lump全部发肿 all of a shake发抖 all of a glow红通通 Used as pron.above all 更重要的是 after all毕竟 all in all总的说来at all 根本 first of all首先 for all尽管in all总计 most of

16、 all特别 worst of all最糟糕的是Children need many things, but above all they need love.孩子们需要很多东西，但首先他们需要爱。 Dont scold him too much. After all, he is still a child.不要太责怪他，毕竟他还是个孩子。 All in all, it was a lot of fun for everyone who went. 总的说来, 对去了的人还是一件很愉快的事。 I dont believe him at all.我根本就不相信他。 First of all y

17、ou must be frank.首先你要坦诚。 For all his great learning, he remained modest. 尽管他很有学识，但他还是挺谦虚。 There are 55 students in all. 共有55个学生。 I was furious at Jim, but most of all at myself. 我对吉姆很恼火，但最恼火的还是对我本人。 2. 口语中的all all right 可以 all the same 同样 not at all 别客气thats all right 没关系 thats all 完了Will tomorrow a

18、t two oclock be all right for you? 明天下午两点可 以吗？ -Sorry, I can do nothing about it. 对不起，对此事我无能为力。 -Thank you all the same. 还是谢谢你。 -Thank you for your help！谢谢你的帮助！ -Not at all. 别客气。 -I m sorry to have interrupted you. 对不起，打扰您了。 -Thats all right.没关系。 Thats all I want to say. 我的话讲完了。 3. 谚语中的all All is no

19、t gold that glitters.闪光的未必就是金子。 All his geese are swans.敝帚自珍。 All good things must e to an end.天下没有不散的宴席。 All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。 All work and no play make Jack a dull boy.只知工作不会玩，聪明小孩也变憨。 Alls well that ends well.结果好的就一切都好。 A friend to all is a friend to none.个个似朋友，其实无朋友。 Grasp all, lose al

20、l.贪多必失。 He that gains time gains all things.赢得时间者，赢得一切。 高考链接1. -Excuse me, but can you tell me which road I should take to the post office? -_of the four roads will do. (2006信阳) A. Any B. Neither C. Both D. All2. -Where can I tie the horse? -Oh, you can tie it to _of the trees. (2006石家庄) A. both B.

21、every C. each D. either3. -Which one can I take? -You can take _ of them; Ill keep none. (2006西城区) A. both B. any C. either D. all4. It is easy to do the repair. _ you need is a hammer and some nails. (2004天津) A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything5. I had to buy _ these books because I didnt kno

22、w which one was the best. (2004上海) A. both B. none C. neither D. allKeys: 1-5 ADDBD4. Summary about “too” 1.一般用于肯定句中，常放于句末或作为插入语放在句中，相当于also; as well,表示也,还。 Ill go to work too. 我也去上班。 She plays the piano, and sings too. 她会弹钢琴，还会唱歌。 He, too, is going to the park.他也要到公园去。2. 在口语中，有时相当于very, 表示真是,很,非常；有

23、时还可表示太,过分之意。 Im too happy. 我非常高兴。 Im not too well. 我不很舒服。 Thats too much. 那太过分了。3. 可以用于某些表示肯定的词组后面，表示而且，还。 You ought to see a doctor, and quickly too. 你应该去看大夫，而且要快去。4. 有时没有具体含义，只是为了加强语气。 I will too go! 我要去的！5. 不能用于very, fairly和quite后面，但它前面可以用a bit, a little, a lot, rather, much等表示程度的词来修饰。 Its much t

24、oo cold today. 今天天气太冷了。 Hes rather too sure of himself. 他未免有点太自信了。请比较下面的例句： You gave him too much. Im much too busy. (too much意为太多，太过分，可以用在不可数名词前，也可用作代词或副词，后面不接名词。前句可译为：你给他太多了。much too表示太，非常，是副词短语，常用来修饰形容词和副词。后句可译为：我实在是太忙了。)6. too.to.句式的用法 too.to.结构意为太而不能，形式上是肯定，但却表示否定意义，此结构可转换成so.that.复合句。例句： You a

25、re too young to go to school. You are so young that you cant go to school. You are not old enough to go to school. too.not to.句式表示肯定的意思，如果too前面有否定词(如never)时，也表示肯定之意。You are too wise not to solve the problem. 你很聪明必定能解决这个问题。 Its never too late to learn. 活到老，学到老。too后面如接形容词ready(现成的); apt(易于，倾向于); incli

26、ned(偏于的)等词时，表示肯定之意，too表示十分、极其。 She is too ready to help others.她十分乐于助人。 I am too apt to forget.我十分健忘。only(but)tooadjto do sth.结构也表示肯定之意，only相当于really, too相当于very，意为非常，并且too后面的形容词多数为表示心情的，如pleased, glad, delighted, thankful等；有时也可接描绘性的形容词，如：good, kind等。 Im only too glad to go with you. 让我和你去，我真是太高兴了。

27、The film is only too good to see. 这部电影很好，值得看7. too的其他用法cant(can never).too.怎么也不会过分；不至于过度。 You cant be too careful.你越小心越好。none too “一点也不” She is none too beautiful.她一点也不漂亮。高考链接1. -I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down. -You can never be _ careful in the s

28、treet. (2003北京) A. much B. very C. so D. too 2. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. (2003全国) A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much3. -Must I turn off the gas after cooking? -Of course. You can never be _ careful with that. (xx江西

29、) A. enough B. too C. so D. very4. -How is everything going on with you in Europe? -Quite well. Not so smoothly as I hoped, _. （xx江苏） A. though B. instead C. either D. too5. -Have you been to New Zealand? -No, Id like to, _. （xx山东） A. too B. though C. yet D. eitherKeys: 1-5 DABAB5. Make some practic

30、e on the grammar: do the Ex 6 on page 336. Summary about “put” 1. put的基本意思是放、摆。常用以下结构:put +名词/代词+介词短语。如: Please put the book on the desk. 请把书放在书桌上。put +名词/代词+副词(短语)。如: You must put your books there. 你必须把你的书放在那儿。Put the cat out of the house. 把猫放在房子外。 put +名词/代词+to do。如: You may put the child to sleep.你可以把孩子放上床睡觉。 2. put可与away, on, up等词构成短语, 并赋予特定的含义。请看: put on穿、戴；反义词组是take off, 脱下（注意人称代词作宾语要放在中间。）Put it on, please.请把它穿上。 put.away 把.收起来(放好);储备 （注意人称代词作宾语应放在中间。） Put your toys away. 把你的玩具收好。Put them away.把它们收好。 put up挂起、举起: Put up a flag. 升起旗帜。 put down 放下、把.