高考英语测试题 附答案.docx

1、高考英语测试题 附答案英语测试题第一部分 阅读理解（共20个小题，满分60分）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。ANo one knows for sure when advertising first started. It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them. That led to the concept of specialization, which m

2、eans that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job.Lets take a man well call Mr. Fielder, for example. He did everything connected with farming. He planted seeds, tended the fields, and harvested and sold his crops. At the same time, he did many other jobs on the farm. However, h

3、e didnt make the bricks for his house, cut his trees into boards, make the plows (犁), or any of other hundreds of things a farm needs. Instead, he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things. Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr. Plowright. Using what he knew about f

4、arming and working with iron, Mr. Plowright invented a plow that made farming easier. Mr. Plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows. Perhaps, he thought, other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows.How did Mr. Plowright let peo

5、ple know what he was doing? Why, he advertised, of course. First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. It was probably all the information

6、 people needed to find Mr. Plowright and his really good plows.Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay, or wood symbols for the products they

7、 had for sale.A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message. You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols. The second medium was audio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. Originally, just the human v

8、oice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get peoples attention.A crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily. It is someone, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city. In ancient Egypt, shopkeepers migh

9、t hire such a person to spread the news about their products. Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the crier described the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quality. His job was, in other words, not too different from

10、 a TV or radio commercial in todays world. 1. What probably led to the start of advertising?A. The discovery of iron. B. The specialization of labor. C. The appearance of new jobs. D. The development of farming techniques.2. To advertise his plows, Mr. Plowright _. A. praised his plows in public B.

11、placed a sign outside the shop C. hung an arrow pointing to the shop D. showed his products to the customers3. The writer makes up the two stories of Mr. Fielder and Mr. Plowright in order to _. A. explain the origin of advertising B. predict the future of advertising C. expose problems in advertisi

12、ng D. provide suggestions for advertising4. In ancient Egypt, a crier was probably someone who _. A. owned a ship B. had the loudest voice C. ran a shop selling goods to farmers D. functioned like todays TV or radio commercial5. The last two paragraphs are mainly about _. A. the history of advertisi

13、ng B. the benefits of advertising C. the early forms of advertising D. the basic design of advertisingBA build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agricult

14、ure, its an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since its all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5x5 sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container perhaps

15、 just a drinking cup to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catchers product

16、ivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up and out the side of the hole.Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the shee

17、ts center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and

18、collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and wont have to break down the still every time you need a drink.6. What do we know about the solar still equipment

19、from the first paragraph?A. Its delicate. B. Its expensive. C. Its complex. D. Its portable7. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. The tube B. The still C. The hole D. The cup8. Whats the last step of constructing a working solar still?A. Dig a hole of a cer

20、tain size B. Put the cup in placeC. Weight the sheets center down D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet9. When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from_ .A. the plastic tube B. outside the hole C. the open air D. beneath the sheetCThe baby monkey is much more developed at birth

21、than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it mil

22、k. After a week or so, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother”the real mother or the mother-substitute (母亲替代物).During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological thing that a monkey mother has to give to its bab

23、y. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother-substitutesone covered with cloth and one made of bare wire. If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth

24、mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their favorites. Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother.Why is cloth pref

25、erable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact (接触) comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young a

26、nimal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesnt “rub” as well as does soft wire cloth. Prolonged (长时间的) “contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is e

27、ither warmth or milk.According to the Harlows, the basic quality of a babys love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball.

28、If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom, the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. It then climbs down from the mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a

29、deep embrace (拥抱) as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding on to its “mother.”10. Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desir

30、e most during the first two weeks of its life? A. Warmth B. Milk C. Contact D. Trust11. After the first two weeks of their life, baby moneys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is _. A. larger in size B. closer to them C. less frightening and less disturbing D. more comfort

31、able to rub against12. What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged “contact comfort”? A. Attention B. Softness C. Confidence D. Interest13. It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure, _. A. it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys B. it spends mo

32、re time screaming to get rewards C. it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting D. it cares less about whether its mother is still around14. The main purpose of the passage is to _. A. give the reasons for the experiment B. present the findings of the experiment C. introduce the method of the experiment D. describe the process of the experimentDIn 1974, after fil