公司理财罗斯专业词汇整理.doc

1、Investment decision: 投资决策Financing decision: 筹资决策Capital budegting decision: 资本预算决策Tangible assets: 有形资产Intangible assets: 无形资产Debt financing: 债务资金、债务筹资Equity financing: 权益资金、权益筹资Capital structure: 资本结构 Corporation: 公司Stockholder/shareholder: 股东financial statements:财务报表Shareholders: 股东Stakeholders:

2、利益相关者Profit maximization: 利润最大化Principal：委托人Agency problem: 代理问题Creditor: 债权人Takeover: 接管Financial institutions: 金融机构Financial system: 金融系统Intermediary:中介Real assets: 实物资产Stock market: 股票市场Primary market: 初级市场Secondary market: 二级市场Bond market: 债券市场Capital market: 资本市场Money market: 货币市场Options: 期权Der

3、ivatives: 衍生金融工具Risk-averse: 风险厌恶型Risk-tolerant: 风险容忍型Cost of capital: 资本成本Superior rate of return: 超额收益率Expected rate of return: 期望收益率Opportunity cost: 机会成本Corporate bond: 公司债Future value: 终值、未来价值Compound interest: 复利Simple interest: 单利Present value: 现值Discounted cash flow: 折现现金流Discounted rate: 折现

4、率、贴现率Discounted factor: 折现系数Multiple cash flow: 多重现金流Installment: 分期付款Deposit: 存款Annuity: 年金Perpetuity: 永续年金Annuity due: 预付年金Delayed perpetuity: 递延永续年金Ordinary annuity:普通年金Deferred annuity:递延年金Inflation: 通货膨胀consumer price index (CPI): 消费者物价指数Nominal interest rate: 名义利率Real interest rate: 实际利率Net pr

5、esent value: 净现值Opportunity cost of capital: 资金的机会成本Mutually exclusive projects: 互斥项目Payback period: 投资回收期Internal rate of return (IRR): 内含报酬率Capital rationing: 资本限额、资本约束Soft rationing: 资本的软约束Hard rationing: 资本的硬约束profitability index: 盈利能力指数Incremental cash flows: 增量现金流量Sunk cost: 沉没成本Working capita

6、l: 营运资本Capital investment: 资本投资Investment in working capital: 营运资本投资Cash flow from operations: 营业现金流量、经营活动所产生的现金流量 Cash expenses: 付现成本After-tax profit: 税后净利润Tax shield: 税盾效应Straight-line depreciation: 直线折旧法Modified accelerated cost recovery system (MACRS): 修正的加速成本收回制度 Salvage value: 残值Percentage ret

7、urn: 收益率Dividend yield: 股利收益率Capital gain: 资本利得Capital loss: 资本损失Real rate of return: 实际收益率Nominal rate of return: 名义收益率Inflation rate: 通胀率Market index: 市场指数Dow Jones Industrial Average: 道琼斯工业股票平均价格指数 Standard & Poors composite index: 标准普尔综合指数Maturity premium: 期限溢价Risk premium: 风险溢价market portfolio:

8、 市场组合Variance: 方差Standard deviation: 标准差Average return: 平均收益率Diversification: 分散投资Portfolio: 投资组合Unique risk or diversifiable risk: 特有风险或可分散风险Market risk or systematic risk: 市场风险或系统风险True value: 真实价值Efficient capital market: 有效资本市场Commercial paper: 短期融资券、商业票据Treasury stock: 库藏股Issued shares: 已发行股票Ou

9、tstanding shares: 流通在外股票Authorized share capital: 法定股本Par value: 面值Additional paid-in capital or capital surplus: 附加实缴资本或资本公积 Retained earnings: 留存收益Outside directors: 外部董事Majority voting: 多数表决投票制度Cumulative voting: 累积投票权Proxy contest: 代理权争夺Preferred stock: 优先股Net worth: 净值、资本净值Floating-rate preferr

10、ed: 浮动利率优先股Counterbalance:使平衡,抵销Floating interest rate: 浮动利率Prime rate: 最优惠利率London interbank offered rate (LIBOR): 伦敦银行同业拆借利率Funded debt: 长期债务Sinking fund: 偿债基金Callable bond: 可赎回债券 Subordinated debt: 次级债券或后偿债务Secured debt: 有抵押债务或有担保债务Default risk: 违约风险Eurodollars: 欧洲美元Warrant: 认股权证Convertible bond:

11、 可转换债券Convertible preferred stock: 可转换优先股Internally generated funds: 内部资金Financial deficit: 财务赤字Income statement: 利润表Common-size income statement: 共同尺度利润表、百分率利润表 Balance sheet: 资产负债表Common-size balance sheet: 共同尺度资产负债表Leverage ratios: 负债比率、杠杆比率Financial leverage: 财务杠杆Long-term debt ratio: 长期负债比率Long

12、-term debt-equity ratio: 长期债务权益比Total debt ratio: 资产负债率Times interest earned ratio: 已获利息倍数Cash coverage ratio: 现金流偿债能力比率Liquidity ratio: 变现能力比率Net working capital to total assets ratio: 净营运资本占总资产比 Current ratio: 流动比率Quick (or acid-test) ratio: 速动比率或酸性测试比率Cash ratio: 现金比率Marketable securities: 有价证券As

13、set turnover ratio: 资产周转率Average collection period: 平均收账期Inventory turnover ratio: 存货周转率Profitability ratios: 盈利能力比率Profit margin: 销售净利率、利润边际Operating profit margin: 营业利润率Return on assets (ROA): 总资产收益率Return on equity (ROE): 净资产收益率Payout ratio: 股利支付率Plowback ratio: 留存收益率Long-term debt ratio: 长期负债比率L

14、ong-term debt-equity ratio: 长期债务权益比Total debt ratio: 资产负债率Times interest earned ratio: 已获利息倍数Interest cover ration:利息保障倍数Cash coverage ratio: 现金流偿债能力比率Du Pont system: 杜邦财务分析体系ROA: 总资产收益率ROE: 净资产收益率Creditor 债权人 Deflation 通货紧缩 Expenses 费用 Financial statement 财务报表 Financial activities 筹资活动 Liabilities

15、负债 Negative cash flow 负现金流量 Operating activities 经营活动 Owners equity 所有者权益 Partnership 合伙企业 Positive cash flow 正现金流量 Retained earning 留存利润 Revenue 收入 Sole proprietorship 独资企业 Solvency 清偿能力 财会名词汉英对照表 （1）会计与会计理论 会计 accounting 决策人 Decision Maker 投资人 Investor 股东 Shareholder 债权人 Creditor 流动资产 Current assets 流动负债 Current Liabilities 长期负债 Long-term Liabilities 投入资本 Contributed Capital 留存收益 Retained Earning