中石化英语分级测试机职称英语考试资料阅读理解.docx

1、中石化英语分级测试机职称英语考试资料阅读理解中国石化英语分级测试第一篇 How to be Happy 如何获得幸福 In the past two weeks we have looked at the happiness formula defined by positive_psychologist Martin Seligman, where H（happiness) = S (your biological set point for feeling happy) + C (the conditions of your life) + V (the voluntary_choices

2、 you make). 过去两周我们研究了一项幸福公式，这是由乐观心理学家马丁塞利格曼定义的。在这个公式中，H（幸福）=S（个人生理幸福感受的固定指数）+C（个人生活状态）+V（个人主观选择）。This week we look at the conditions in life that can improve our happiness quotient.本周我们将着眼于能提升幸福指数的生活状态。 Step l: Peace and quiet 第一步：平和宁静 Jonathon Haidt in his excellent book, The Happiness Hypothesis,

3、notes that research shows that we can never completely adapt to new or chronic noise pollution. 乔纳森海迪在他的优秀著作幸福假说当中提到，研究调查显示，我们不可能完全适应噪音污染，无论是新近的还是长期的。Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses (the other is the fear of falling) and we can never fully relax if we are surrounded by i

4、ntrusive noise. It is essential to have some peace and quiet every day. 巨大噪声会引发我们面对恐惧的某种本能反应（另一种是对于坠落的恐惧），如果周遭噪音喧闹，我们不可能完全放松。每日保持平和与宁静事关重要。 If you are unfortunate enough to live somewhere noisy, persist with complaining to your local council.Additionally, try wearing wax earplugs to have some respit

5、e. If you need your TV,radio or music up loud, wearing headphones demonstrates altruism to your neighbours, which will make you and them feel good.如果你不幸生活在比较嘈杂吵的环境中，请一定要坚持去居委会投诉。另外，尝试使用耳塞，可能会缓解噪声。如果你需要用大音量看电视、听收音机或放音乐的话，记得戴上耳机，别影响邻里，这样可以使双方都感到舒适。 Step 2: Relationships 第二步：人际关系 This is the most impor

6、tant of all the extemal conditions that can improve your happiness quotient. Often our deepest sources of unhappiness are found in poor relationships with others. 这是增加幸福指数的一条至关重要的外部条件。我们感到不快乐的最深层原因，往往就是人际关系欠佳。 A cruelly conflictual relationship with a partner or lover leaves us feeling betrayed and

7、abandoned. A relationship with our parents or children which is not based on compassionate, unconditional regard creates isolation and misery . 与搭档或者爱人的关系陷入激烈的冲突中，会让我们产生遭到背叛和遗弃的感觉。父母和孩子之间如果缺乏同情心和无私关怀，会产生隔阂与痛苦。 When faced with such relationships, the most positive thing we can do is to either mend th

8、e relationship by confronting what is going wrong or leam to moveon.当我们面临这类问题时，最好的办法就是直面难题，修复关系，或者学着继续前行。 Step 3: Share 第三步：分享 If you have discovered conditions or choices in life that have significantly improved your wellbeing, remember to share them with friends. Passing on what works is essential

9、 to improve the wellbeing of our own and others. 如果你发觉生活状态或者做的某项决定对幸福生活有重大帮助的话，记得与你的朋友们分享。将有用的发现与更多人分享，这对增进自己的幸福和他人的幸福都有积极作用。阅读理解1. Whats the happiness formula according to the passage?答案：The formula refers to H(happiness)=S(your biological set point for feeling happy)+C(the conditions of your life)

10、+V(the voluntary choices you make)2. Why can we never completely adapt to new or chronic noise pollution?答案：Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses aIld we can never fully relax if we are surrounded by intruslve noise.3. How could we make both ourselves and the neighbors feel go

11、od?答案：If we need our TV, radio or muslc up loud, wearing headphones demonstrates our kindness and consideration to our neighbors.4. Where does the unhappiness come from?答案：Our unhappiness often comes from poor relationships with others.5. What is the positive way to face with the cruelly conflictual

12、 relationship?答案：What you can do is to either mend the relationship by confronting what is going wrong or leam to move on.第二篇 City Design 城市设计 When Im being driven through a city from our hotel to a conference center, I couldnt help but note the overwhelming presence of cars and parking lots. The wo

13、rlds cities are in trouble. In hundreds of cities, the life of daily life is deteriorating. Breathing the air in some cities is equivalent to smoking two packs of cigarettes per day. The number of hours commuters spend going nowhere sitting in traffic-congested streets and highways climbs higher eac

14、h year, raising frustration levels当我从旅馆乘车穿行城市前往会议中心时，映入眼帘的是无处不在的汽车和停车场。全世界的城市都陷入了困境，数以百计的城市日常生活的质量正在不断下降。在一些城市，每天呼吸空气等于抽两包香烟。每天上班族驱车时因街道和道路堵塞而寸步难行，耽搁的时间逐年升高，郁闷也随之加深。 In response to these conditions, we are seeing the emergency of a new urbanism. In just a few years, many cities banned the parking of

15、 cars on side walks, created or renovated more parks, introduced a highly successful bus-base rapid transit system, built hundreds of kilometers of bicycle paths and pedestrian streets, reduced rush hour traffic, planted more trees and involved local citizens directly in the improvement of their nei

16、ghborhoods. The quality of urban life in these cities has been greatly enhanced with the vision of a city designed for people.针对上述情况，我们可以看到一种新城市主义的理念正在兴起。在短短的几年内，许多城市的人行道上不再允许停车，新建和改造了更多的停车场，建立了一套以公共汽车为基础的极为成功的快速运行系统，兴建了数百公里的自行车道和步行街，高峰时段的交通拥挤得以减缓，种植了更多的树木，并吸收当地市民直接参与社区的改善工作。城市设计以人为本的理念使这些城市的生活质量有了很

17、大的提高。 Now govemment planners everywhere are experimenting, seeking ways to design cities for people not cars. Cars promise mobility. But in an urbanizing world there is an inherent conflict between the automobile and the city. After a point, as their numbers multiply, automobiles provide not mobilit

18、y but immobility. 现在，各地政府的规划者们都在尝试寻找为了人而不是为汽车设计城市的方法。汽车应带给人们活动的便捷。但是在一个不断城市化的世界里，存在着一个根深蒂固的矛盾，即汽车与城市之间的矛盾。超过一个临界点之后，随着汽车数量的累加，汽车提供的不再是便捷，而是停滞。 Based on this perspective, some cities in industrial and developing countries alike will dramatically increase urban mobility by moving away from the car. Le

19、t me remind you once more, cities are built for people, not for cars. A city full of cars is like what the horrifying sci-fi depicted - all mechanism and no human. In order to avoid this disaster, wed better start designing sustainable cities. 基于这个观点，无论在发达的工业国家还是发展中国家，一些城市将会通过远离汽车来极大增加市区的通畅。让我再次提醒你，

20、城市是为了人，不是为了汽车而建设的。挤满汽车的城市就像恐怖的科幻小说里描绘的全是机械，没有人性。为了避免这场灾难，我们最好开始设计可持续发展的城市。阅读理解：1. What means of transportation does the author take to the conference center? 答案：(He takes)a bus. 2. According to the first paragraph what is happening in cities where there are more cars? 答案：Cars not only do harm to peo

21、ples health but also cause heavy traffic jam.3. What does the last sentence “the vision of a city designed for people”in paragraph 2 mean? 答案：Design cities for people not (for) cars.4.Why is there an inherent conflict between the automobile and the city in urban areas? 答案：Because people depend large

22、ly on cars.5.How would a city look like if cars were everywhere? 答案：There would be all cars (mechanism) no human.第三篇 Population 人口A very important world problem is the increasing number of people who actually inhabit this planet. The limited amount ofland and land resources will soon be unable to su

23、pport the huge population ifit continues to grow at its present rate. 在我们这个星球上居住的人越来越多，是一个很重要的全球问题。如果继续按照现有的增长率发展下去，那么有限的土地及土地资源很快不能养活这么巨大的人口。 So why is this huge increase in population taking place? It is really due to the spread of the knowledge and practice of what is becoming known as Death Cont

24、rol.那么为什么会出现人口的大量增长呢？这的确是因为知识的广泛传播和众所周知的“死亡控制”的结果。 You have no doubt heard of the term Birth Control. Death Control is something rather different. 毫无疑问，你肯定听到过“生育控制”这个术语。“死亡控制”是大不相同的。It recognizes the work of the doctors and scientists who now keep alive people who, not very long ago, would have died

25、 of a variety of then incurable diseases. 它承认了医生和科学家的工作，现在他们能够留住那些患有各种各样绝症的病人的生命。而这些绝症在不久之前还是不可治愈的。Through a wide variety of technological innovations thatinclude farming methods and the control of deadly diseases, we have found ways to reduce the rate at which we die. However, this success is the v

26、ery cause of the greatest threat to mankind.通过大范围的技术创新，其中包括耕作方法和对绝症的控制，我们已经找到降低死亡率的方法。然而，正是这项成功给人类带来最大的威胁。 If we examine the amount ofland available for this ever-increasing population, we begin to see the problem. If everyone on the planet had an equal share of land, we would each have about 50,000

27、 square meters. This figure seems to be quite encouraging until we examine the amount of usable land we actually have. More than three-fifths ofthe worlds land cannot produce food. 如果计算一下维持不断增长的人口所需的土地量，我们就能意识到这个问题。如果这个星球上的每个人都平均分一块土地，我们每个人会拥有五万平方米。这个数字看似相当振奋人心，而当我们计算一下每个人的实际可用耕地之后，就知道情况不太乐观了。因为世界上超

28、过3/5的土地都不能生产粮食。 Obviously, with so little land to support us, we should be taking great care not to reduce it further. But we are not! Instead, we are consuming its capital - its nonrenewable fossil fuels and other mineral deposits that took millions of years to form but which are now being destroye

29、d in decades(3). We are also doing the same with other vital resources not usually thought of as being nonrenewable, such as fertile soils, groundwater and the millions of other species that share the earth with us. 显然，能够养活我们的耕地如此之少，我们就应该想方设法不要让耕地继续减少下去。但是，我们并没有这样做！反而我们正在消耗它的“本钱”其不可再生的化石燃料与其它矿藏，它们是在

30、几百万年的时间里才形成的，然而现在，几十年内就会被消耗殆尽。我们对待其它通常不被看做是不可再生的重要自然资源也是如此，譬如肥沃的土地、地下水和千百万与我们共同居住在地球上的物种。阅读理解：1. What can be learnt about the population growth at present? 答案：It continues to increasegrow at its present rate. 2. According to the article, what contributes to the population increase? 答案：Death Control3

31、. What is the doctorsjob according to paragraph ？答案：They keep people who suffer from incurable diseases alive.?4.Why isnt there enough land to support human beings答案：Because the worlds land has already been taken upoccupied by the ever-increasing population.5.In paragraph 4 the fertile soils are con

32、sidered as_.答案：nonrenewable 第四篇 Earthquake 地震 Earthquakes may be ranked as one of the most devastating force known to men; since records began to be written down, it has been estimated that earthquake-related fatalities have numbered in millions and that earthquake-related destruction has been beyond calculation. The greater part of such damage and loss oflife has been due to collapse of buildings and effects of rock slides, floods, fire, disease and other phenomena resulting from earthquakes, rather than from the quakes themselves. 地震是人类