高考北师版英语一轮课时提能练78.docx

1、高考北师版英语一轮课时提能练78课时提能练(七).阅读理解A(2019新疆适应性测试)Superstorm Sandy slammed into the eastern United States three years ago.The winddriven water caused a lot of flooding，especially in the regions subway system.Now two teens have invented a device that could help prevent future subway floods.In New York City

2、alone，Superstorm Sandy caused an estimated $19 billion in damage.Much of the floodwaters entered the subway system through its ventilation grates(通风栅)Those metal grills usually lie at ground level.When the system is shut down ahead of a flood，engineers try to cover those grates with plywood(胶合板) and

3、 sandbags.But the flooding often washes away those measures，which allows water to flow into the tunnels.Raising those grates even a tiny bit above ground level would cost a lot of money.Other ideas have included building tall chimneys around the holes.That would raise the grates and cost a lot of mo

4、ney，too.Kyle and Raymond came up with a different，less expensive idea.They designed a metal grate with a builtin，adjustable cover.When trains are running，one part of the grate slides open to bring in fresh air.But when the system is shut down，that part can be slid shut to completely block the grate.

5、Their grate is the same size as the grates used now.So，it would be simple，they say，to lift out the old grate and drop in a replacement.Their design includes tamperproof features，which can prevent operation mistakes.They make sure that people dont intentionally shut off airflow during normal conditio

6、ns.For people with the proper key，it would only take a minute or two to close the grate ahead of a flood.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述三年前超级风暴Sandy猛烈袭击美国东部，造成了洪水灾害，当地的地铁被洪水淹没。为防止地铁再次被洪水淹没，两位少年发明了一种装置。1Whats the second paragraph mainly about?AThe steps to operate grates.BThe measures to prevent flood.CThe funct

7、ion of plywood and sandbags.DThe disadvantage of present subway system.D段落大意题。根据第二段第一句可知，据估计超级风暴Sandy仅在纽约市就造成了价值190亿美元的损失。文章接下来分析了超级风暴造成的洪水淹没地铁的原因：目前的地铁系统存在很大的弊端。故本题选D。2Which of the following words best describes the two teens new invention?ACostly. BTimesaving.CPractical. DConventional.C推理判断题。根据文章最

8、后一段第一、第二句“Their grate is the same size as the grates used now.So，it would be simple，they say，to lift out the old grate and drop in a replacement.”他们使用的栅栏和现在使用的栅栏大小一样，所以很容易就可以把旧的栅栏取出来，放入一个替换栅栏；再结合最后一段最后两句可知，新的装置操作起来也很方便。故选C。3Whats the purpose of designing the tamperproof feature?ATo replace the old g

9、rate correctly.BTo close the grate ahead of a flood.CTo ensure airflow in normal conditions.DTo stop the train speeding up unexpectedly.C细节理解题。根据最后一段第三、第四句可知，设计干预防护的特点可以阻止操作失误，有了干预防护，他们确保人们不会有意地在正常情况下关掉空气流通的功能，故本题选C。4Where does the text most probably come from?AA news report.BAn adventurous story.CA

10、n introduction to new equipment.DA guidebook to making grates.A文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了两位少年发明了一种成本较低、实用的地铁防洪装置以及该装置的特点和优势，应该属于新闻报道类文章，故选A。B(2019安徽省重点中学联考)Some of the questions you ask your human resources(HR)(人力资源) department could soon be answered by，well，nonhumans.Thats the concept behind Talla，a Bost

11、onarea startup that has developed a chatbot(一种聊天程序) to do some of the tasks that HR departments carry out，including explaining company policy，surveying employees，collecting information or training new hires.The Talla bot operates inside enterprise group messaging software，such as Slack，HipChat or Mi

12、crosoft Teams，which has increasingly become an alternative to email as a method of digital communication within companies.Some 1，200 companies have brought in Talla，about a quarter of whom use the service regularly，said Tallas founder Rob May.Robots promise to be a violent force in the global econom

13、y.Some scientists expect they will undoubtedly replace lowwage workers，such as drivers and factory labor.As artificial intelligence continues to become more developed，robots may eventually do work instead of humans in many fields.Already，bots are being employed in fields as varied as law，journalism，

14、medicine and engineering.Does that mean HR will depend only on bots？“Maybe，but not for several decades.”predicts by May.In fact，he says the introduction of chatbots to HR allows the human staff to focus on tasks that require a greater degree of intellect.“Whats actually going to happen is that youre

15、 going to allow the HR department to be more human by automating(使自动化) a lot of their repeated work，”he said.“HR spends a lot of time doing these lowlevel，monotonous tasks，”May continued.“What youll find is that more of the work that does not need communicating with other humans is the kind of work

16、that will be automated.”【语篇解读】本文属于科普说明文，主要介绍了Rob May的公司Talla开发的聊天程序，它用来帮助人力资源部做那些重复性的、不需要与人交流的单调工作。5What do we know about chatbots?AThey can increase human staffs intelligence.BThey help companies advance their service.CThey are welcomed in many companies.DThey will get less and less human.C细节理解题。第二

17、段中的“Some 1，200 companies have brought in Talla.regularly”说明Talla开发的chatbot被很多公司运用。6What will HR do according to May?AUse chatbots instead of robots.BCommunicate more with chatbots.CLet chatbots replace them completely soon.DFree themselves from less significant tasks.D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“the introductio

18、n of chatbots to HR allows the human staff to focus on tasks that require a greater degree of intellect”和最后一段中的“What youll find is that more of the work that does not need communicating with other humans is the kind of work that will be automated”可知，Rob May认为人力资源部的那些任务难度相对小的、重复性的、不需要与人交流的、不太重要的工作会自动

19、化，这样人力资源部的人就可以抽身去做其他更有意义的工作。7What does the underlined word“monotonous”in the last paragraph probably mean?AHard. BBoring.CHopeless. DWorthless.B词义猜测题。本句前一句谈到通过自动化，人力资源部就无需再做那些重复性的工作。结合该段，由于是重复性的、无需与他人交流的工作，故可推知这些工作“单调乏味”。故选B项。8What does the text mainly focus on?AChatbots role and HR.BRobots and chat

20、bots.CHRs heavy work.DChatbots future.A主旨大意题。本文主要讲了Rob May的公司Talla开发的聊天程序chatbot运用到了人力资源行业，帮助做一些人力资源行业中单调乏味的工作。因此选A。.完形填空(2019长春质检)When I was just out of college，I managed to get my dream job as a trader in New York City on the floor of the American Stock(证券) Exchange.Though it was a proud 1 ，the jo

21、b was simply too physically 2 I must stand in a crowd every day，which often 3 me in a mindset(思维模式) that held me back.Manhattan is a walking town and its difficult to 4 when you have a disability.Taxies are expensive and riding the subway 5 dozens of steep steps to get below the 6 This left me only

22、one 7 the bus.One night，after the 8 for my job，I was aching with selfpity 9 it started to rain on my walk to the bus stop.I became more and more 10 without an umbrella，thinking Id never 11 it in this city and telling myself，“this city is just too hard”and“maybe it is just not possible for a guy like

23、 me”And then，I 12 the most beautiful，short moment.A couple came rolling by on roller skates，hand 13 hand as they skated what seemed like the tango.They were all wet but they saw the 14 as an opportunity and romance.I suddenly became grateful for waiting in the rain because I 15 have missed this beau

24、ty 16 if I had been in a taxi or on the subway.This，although 17 ，was an important moment on my journey to discover the 18 of achieving health and happiness.When I change my mindset， 19 for a moment，to what is possible and work to get rid of the selflimiting beliefs that 20 my daily actions，I will be

25、 on the road to a healthier，happier life.【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者工作很累，回家路上遇到下雨，心情沮丧。当看到一对夫妇在雨中溜冰的画面，作者感觉到改变自己的思维模式会使自己走上一条更健康、更快乐的生活之路。文章告诉我们改变思维模式的重要性。1A.adjustment BachievementCagreement DtreatmentB根据第一段中的“I managed to get my dream job”可知，作者毕业后找到了自己理想的工作，这份工作应是作者引以为傲的成就，故选B项，achievement意为“成就”。adjustmen

26、t“调节”；agreement“同意，一致”；treatment“治疗，对待”。2A.tiring Bboring Crelaxing DdisappointingA根据本句中的“I must stand in a crowd every day”可推知，这份工作是劳累的，故选A项，tiring意为“累人的，令人疲倦的”。relaxing“令人放松的”；disappointing“令人失望的”。3A.reminded Bexpected Ctook DleftD根据语境可知“我每天都必须站在人群中，这常常让我有想退缩的思维模式”。“leavesb.宾补”表示“让某人”，故选D项。remind“

27、提醒”；expect“预期”。4A.go up Bget around Cset off Dshow upB根据上文的“Manhattan is a walking town”可知，曼哈顿是一个步行商业区，所以你有残疾的话是很难四处走动(get around)的。go up“上升”；set off“出发”；show up“出现，到场”。5A.requests Bsupports Crequires DsurroundsC根据语境可知，出租车很贵，乘坐地铁需要(requires)走下几十个陡峭的台阶才能到达地下。request“请求”；support“支持”；surround“围绕”。6A.gr

28、ound Bstreet Ctown DcityA根据本句中的“the subway”以及常识可知，人们在地面(ground)下乘坐地铁，故选A项。7A.change Bchance Cidea DchoiceD句意：这让我只有一种选择公共汽车。根据上文提到的交通方式都不适合作者可知，此处表示作者唯一的选择(choice)。8A.struggle Bwork Cexperience DinfluenceA句意：一天晚上，在为我的工作苦苦奋斗后，我一直自怨自艾，当我走向公共汽车站的时候又下起了雨。根据语境可推知，此处是指在为工作奋斗(struggle)了一天之后。experience“经历”；i

29、nfluence“影响”。9A.before Bwhile Cwhen DafterC参见上题解析。when在此处表示“当的时候”，符合语境。10A.nervous Bcurious Cscared DupsetD根据上文的“it started to rain”和空后的“without an umbrella”可知，下雨了，但是作者没有带伞，所以作者心情越来越沮丧(upset)。11A.get Bmake Cput DwatchB根据上文可知，没有雨伞，作者变得越来越沮丧，心想自己在这个城市里不会取得成功了。make it是固定短语，表示“达成目标，获得成功，做成某事”。12A.recall

30、ed Bobserved Cwitnessed DrealizedC句意：然后，我目睹了最美丽、最短暂的时刻。根据下文介绍的一对夫妇在雨中溜冰的画面可知，这是作者看到的。recall“召回，回想起”；observe“观察”；witness“目睹”；realize“认识到”。13A.on Bby Cto DinD句意：一对夫妇穿着溜冰鞋，手拉着手，他们溜冰的时候像是在跳探戈舞。hand in hand“手拉手地”，是固定搭配，故选D项。14A.rain Btree Cwind DcloudA根据上文的“it started to rain”和“They were all wet”可知，虽然他们身

31、上都被淋湿了，但他们把雨(rain)当成是一个机会和一种浪漫。15A.shall Bwould Cneed DmustB句意：我突然对在雨中等待感到感激，因为如果我在出租车或地铁上，我会完全错过这美景。根据句子结构可知，此处是由if引导的对过去的虚拟句，结构为“if主语had过去分词，主语should/would/couldhave过去分词”，所以选B项。16A.exactly Binstantly Centirely DsuddenlyC根据语境可知，作者觉得如果乘坐其他交通工具就会完全错过这一幕，故选C项。exactly“正是，恰好”；instantly“立即，马上”；entirely“完全地”；suddenly“突然”。17A.strange Bsmall Cnormal DdifferentB虽然这是生活中的一件小事，但却是作者在探索健康和幸福的旅途中的一个重要时刻。strange“奇怪的，陌生的”；small“小的”；normal“正常的”；different“