届高三英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第二讲词义猜测题.docx

1、届高三英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第二讲词义猜测题专题课件第二讲词义猜测题题型1猜测单词类示例(2016全国卷，B)Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exception

2、ally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would

3、 declare，“But Im just not creative.”27What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?AMistake. BDrawback.CDifficulty. DBurden.解题思路第一步阅读文章，在画线词前后找出相关信息词Encouraging_this_kind_of_thinking_has_a_downside.I_ran_the_risk_of_losing_those_students_who_had_a_different_style_of_thinking

4、.第二步对比信息词与选项，找出符合题干要求的选项尝试解答_B_答题技巧1识别题干关键(1)The underlined word.probably means_(2)Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word.?2“文中信息”巧利用(1)同义或定义解释法。上下文中以某种方式对其进行解释，如利用or，that is(to say)，in other words，namely等词语进行解释，或利用破折号、同位语(从句)、定语从句等进行解释。(2)因果推断法。对生词词义的猜测需要结合上下文的因果关系进行。(3

5、)前后对比法。上下文中往往对生词提供一定的对比背景，并且通常以反义或对照的方式出现，以此可推测生词意思。(4)语境理解法。生词词义的推测大多根据语境进行，做题时要根据上下文语境信息进行分析、推理，从而猜测出生词的意义。(5)基本构词法。根据前缀、后缀、合成及词性转换猜测词义。题型2猜测短语类示例(2017全国卷，D)To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp ar

6、ea to increase the_water_catchers productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs upand outthe side of the hole.Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the p

7、lastic with dirt and weighting the sheets center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45degreeangled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup. 33What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in para

8、graph 2 refer to?AThe tube. BThe still.CThe hole. DThe cup.解题思路第一步速读文章，在画线部分前后找出相关的信息词。To_construct_a_working_still,_use_a_sharp_stick_or_rock_to_dig_a_hole_four_feet_across_and_three_feet_deep.第二步对比信息词与选项，找出符合题干要求的选项尝试解答_B_答题技巧1识别题干关键(1)The underlined phrase.could be replaced by_(2)What does the un

9、derlined phrase.refer to?2“语境分析”猜短语短语猜测题是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的题型，即利用该短语前后的已知部分进行推理判断。首先注意分析短语的意思，然后结合具体语境去推测短语的含义更有利于问题的解决。3明晰干扰选项特征短语猜测题的干扰项一般是以下几种情况：(1)短语的字面意思；(2)文中出现的与猜测无关的内容；(3)命题人凭空杜撰的内容。题型3猜测指代类示例(2017全国卷，C)Despite the celebrations, though, in the US. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow o

10、lder, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.Its Jason Morans job to help change that. As the Kennedy Centers artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.29What does the underlined w

11、ord “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?AJazz becoming more accessible.BThe production of jazz growing faster.CJazz being less popular with the young.DThe jazz audience becoming larger. 解题思路第一步通读全文，找出代词所在语句Its_Jason_Morans_job_to_help_change_that.第二步试找出该代词所代替的词语此处change that可知that代指上文the music has failed

12、 to connect with younger generations。尝试解答_C_答题技巧1识别题干关键(1)What does the underlined word “this/it/them.” refer to?(2)The underlined part “it/that/they.”(in Para.) refers to_2“就近原则”判指代此类题目要求考生根据语境判断代词(this，that，it，they，them，one，which等)或代动词(do，does，did等)究竟指代什么。具体方法：(1)返回原文，找出指代词(it，they，them，this.)。(2)

13、向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子(就近原则)。(3)将找到的词、词组或句子代入替换该指代词，看其意思、逻辑关系是否通顺，并最终确定最佳答案。题型4猜测句意类示例(2017浙江卷，A)The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doi

14、ng.The_cats_lot_was_about_to_improve. That year, one of Benjamins cousins, Mr.Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamins drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings(版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and firs

15、t real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr.Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.He asked Benjamins parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.22What does the underlined se

16、ntence in paragraph 3 suggest?AThe cat would be closely watched.BThe cat would get some medical care.CBenjamin would leave his home shortly.DBenjamin would have real brushes soon.解题思路第一步速读文章，并标出文章中与画线句子相关的句子Before_long,_the_cat_began_to_look_ragged(蓬乱)When_he_went_home,_he_sent_Benjamin_a_box_of_pai

17、nt_and_some_brushes.第二步对比信息句、画线句和选项，确定答案由上一段为了制作画笔本杰明剪猫的毛使猫“破相”，接下来讲到堂兄给他送来了颜料和画笔使猫的命运得到改善，隐含着“本杰明将得到真正的画笔”。尝试解答_D_答题技巧1识别题干关键(1)Which of the following best explains the underlined part.?(2)What is the implied meaning of the underlined sentence above?(3)What can we infer from the underlined sentence

18、 in Para.?*2“意义吻合”定句意句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。(1)返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。对于需要推理的句意理解，首先要理解句子前后的语境，其次对此句在文章中的意思进行合理的推断，最后再归纳总结。(2)一般来说，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，是用其他的英语词汇或句式来表达。状元技法顺藤摸瓜猜测词义类题目1做此类题目，要学会“顺藤摸瓜”和“上下取证”，通过构词法、语法逻辑、经验、常识、上下文等线索来确定词义，“顺着”作者的思想、态度去理解，然后“上下取证”看自己的判断是否合乎逻辑或作者的思想等。2重视并列或转折

19、关系。常见的几种逻辑关系词：but/yet/however/nevertheless/while/whereas/otherwise/or else/unlike/instead/rather than/by contrast/compared to/on the contrary/on the other hand/either.or.3重视理解说明部分。常见的几种定义或同位关系词：to be defined as/to be called/to mean/to refer to/that is(to say)/in other words/namely,学生用书P47 )A(2017云南高

20、三检测一)My doorbell rings at 11 am. On the step, I find an elderly Chinese lady. She is small and slight. She holds a paper carrier bag in her hands.I know this lady. It is by no means her first visit. Her daughter, Nicole, bought the house next door last October.Nicole, who is currently in Shanghai, h

21、as apparently told her mother that I am having heart surgery shortly, and the result is that her mother has decided I need to be supplied with meals.I know what is inside the paper carrier baga stainless steel container with a meal of rice, vegetables and either chicken, meat or shrimp. This has bec

22、ome an almostdaily occurrence.Communication between my benefactor(恩人) and me is somewhat handicapped by the fact that she doesnt speak English and all I can say in Mandarin is “ hello”. Once, she brought an iPad and pointed to the screen, which displayed a message from Nicole telling me that her mot

23、her wanted to know if the food was all right.“Your mother just cant be bringing me meals like this all the time，” I protested. “ I can hardly reciprocate by cooking something from my native land, like roast beef or Yorkshire pudding for her, ”I said.“Oh, no，” Nicole said. “Dont worry about that. She

24、 has to cook for the family anyway, and she wants to do it for you. You can call her Wing, which is her surname. ” The tenant in my basement suite is a university student who speaks Mandarin quite well, so with her help, I have found out that Wing is 6813 years younger than I am. For my part, I was

25、raised in wartime Britain.So here we are, two grandmothers a world away from where we were raised, neither of us able to speak the others language. But the doorbell keeps ringing and there is the familiar paper carrier bag, handed smilingly to me by Wing. Right now I am working on some more Mandarin

26、 wordsits the least I can do after such a display of kindness.“Thank you” is, of course, the first one, which somehow seems inadequate.解题导语本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与邻居之间的故事，邻居是一位来自中国的老太太，对作者非常关照。1. The author and Wing got to know each other_Aas next door neighborsBwhen exchanging mealsCby sharing similar exp

27、eriencesDafter using an iPad to communicateA解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的前三句“I know this lady.Her daughter，Nicole，bought the house next door last October.”可知，作者与这位老太太是邻居。所以A项正确。2The underlined word “reciprocate” in Paragraph 5 probably means “_”Ado as well Boffer generouslyCgive in return Daccept with pleasureC解析

28、：词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句中的“Your mother just cant be bringing me meals like this all the time”可知作者认为老太太一直对自己那么好，而自己只是做一些本国的食物，是几乎不能回报她的。C项意为“回报”，故选C。3The authors effort to learn Mandarin shows her_Agreat satisfaction Breal kindnessCheartfelt thanks Dsincere friendshipC解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“its the least I can do

29、 after such a display of kindness”可知作者认为学习中文是为了感谢老太太对自己的好。A项意为“极大的满意”；B项意为“真正的友善”；C项意为“衷心的感谢”；D项意为“真诚的友谊”。B(2017云南高三检测二)Half of primary schools will adopt the traditional Chinese method of maths teaching in a Government drive to stop British youngsters from falling behind their_Asian_counterpartsYou

30、ngsters in the UK. lag way behind those in China, Singapore and Japan in numeracy(计算能力). In the latest PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) tests for 15yearolds, Shanghai came top in maths while the UK. came 26th.The school will give up “childcentred” styles and instead return to re

31、petition, drills and “chalk and talk” wholeclass learning. Primary school children will be taught “Shanghai maths” as British schools copy Chinese teaching methods to improve standards. So far 140 teachers have been trained in the approach.Currently, classes are often divided into groups based on ability. Critics blame the British teachi