第十一讲动词五 动词的非谓语形式两次课.docx

1、第十一讲 动词五 动词的非谓语形式两次课第十讲 动词五 动词的非谓语形式考点解读1不定式，ing形式和过去分词中，不定式和ing形式考查最多。尤其是不定式的否定形式，省去to和不省to的情况，及只能用ing形式作宾语的情况。2在具体的语境中考查非谓语动词的用法。3不定式作主语和动词后用不定式和ing形式意义不同。4有关非谓语动词的固定句型。一、关于动词不定式（to+动词原形）（一）动词不定式在句中做前一个动词的宾语。能够直接接动词不定式做宾语的动词有很多，希望学生们通过强化记忆形成语感，看到这些词我们应该想到下面的形式，下面是比较具体的句子结构。（这些接动词不定式的动词均为及物动词）：记住下列

2、形式：（仅限于初中范畴）1.want to do想要 2.would like to do想要做3.hope to do希望做 4.wish to do希望做5.decide to do决定做 6.plan to do计划做7.refuse to do拒绝做 8.fail to do做某事失败9.manage to do设法做 10.agree to do同意做11.learn to do学会做 12happen to do偶然发生13.need to do需要做 14.pretend to do假装做15.offer to do提供做 16.promise to do允许做17.attemp

3、t to do企图做 18.be sure to do确定做19.seem to do似乎要发生 20.expect to do期待做21.trydo ones best to do尽力做 22.cantwait to do 迫不及待做23.cant afford to do 负担不起做 24. be afraid to do 害怕做在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。I find it easy to_read_English_every_day.我发现每天读英语很容易。（二）动词不定式在句中作宾语补足语。我们对能够接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词应

4、该有清醒的认识。下面结构要求学生掌握：1.want sb to do想让某人做 2.would like sb to do想让某人做3.wish sb to do希望某人做（不能用hope） 4.agree sb to do 同意某人做5.ask sb( not )to do让某人（不）做 6.tell sb to do告诉某人做7.allow sb to do允许某人做 8.advise sb to do建议某人做9.encourage sb to do鼓励某人做 10.expect sb to do期待某人做11.warn sb to do警告某人做 12.invite sb to do邀

5、请某人做13.teach sb to do教会某人做接省to不定式做宾语补足语的动词有：（使役动词，感官动词）1.make sb do 使某人做 2.let sb.do让某人做3.have sb do使某人做 4.help sb do to do帮助某人做5.see sb do 看见某人做过 6.hear sb do 听见某人做过（三）、动词不定式在句中作主语：动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，而真正的主语移到句末。1.Its+adj+for(of) +sb +to do sth对某人来说做某事怎么样 Adj修饰文中的事情既to do sth时，人前的介词用for ； 但是如果Adj修

6、饰文中的人既sb时，人前面的介词用of如：Its hard for me to learn english well.hard 是修饰动词不定式to learn english well，意为学好英语难，所以用的介词是for sbIts kind of you to help mekind“善良的”修饰you(人) 意为你善良，所以介词用of sb2.It take适当形式 sb some time to do sth英语句子结构为花费 某人 时间 做某事译为：做某事花了某人多少时间。3.Its time to do sth该做某事（四）动词不定式在句中作表语。1、sbs job is to

7、do sth. 某人的工作是做什么。2、sbs plan is to do sth. 某人的计划是做什么。3、sbs dream is to do sth. 某人的梦想是干什么。4、sbs hope is to do sth. 某人的希望是做什么。5、sbs wish is to do sth. 某人的愿望是干什么。6、sbs task is to do sth. 某人的任务是做什么。7、The impirtant thing is to finish the work on time.最重要的事是按时完成工作。（五）动词不定式在句中作定语：动词不定式在句中作定语时一般都要放在所修饰名词或代词

8、的后面。 看下面的例子：1、a chance to do sth 做某事的一个机会2、the way to do sth 做某事的办法3、the best time to do sth 做某事的最佳时间4、something to eat 一些吃的东西5、something to drink 一些喝的东西6、a lot of work to do 许多要做的工作 不定式是不及物动词时，作定语不能省去介词。如：Weihai is a good place to_live_in. 威海是一个居住的好地方。I dont have enough time to study for the test,

9、so I have something to_worry_about.因为我没有足够的时间为考试而学习，所以我有些担心。（六）作状语1、Mrs Wang went to Shanghai to_see_her_daughter.(目的) 王太太去上海看她女儿。2、Were glad to_meet_you here. (原因) 我们很高兴在这见到你。3、He is too tired to_work_on.(结果) 他太累了而不能继续工作。（七）疑问词+动词不定式，在英语句法中叫做疑问词短语，它可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语。常用到的疑问词短语举例有：What to do 做什么,wh

10、en to go 什么时候走, where to go 去哪里，how to do it 如何来做此事，1、作主语 Where to go is a problem.去哪里还是个问题。2、作宾语 I dont know how to use the computer.我不知道如何使用电脑。3、作表语 The problem is what to do next.问题是下一步干什么。4、作宾语补足语 Can you tell me when to start tomorrow?你能告诉我明天什么时候出发吗？二、动词ing形式。动词ing 形式为动名词或现在分词时（一）动名词在句中可做宾语。能够接

11、动名词做宾语的动词有如下：1.enjoy doing喜欢做 2.practice doing练习做3.finish doing做完某事 4.mind sbs doing介意某人做5.consider doing考虑做 6.continue doing继续做7.keep sb doing让某人一直做 8.miss doing错过做9.avoid doing避免做 10.spend(in)doing 花费时间或金钱做某事 11.feel like doing想要做 12.have difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing-13.give up doing放弃做

12、14.suggest doing建议做 15.advise doing建议做 16. be busy doing忙着做某事17. be worth doing=be worthy of doing值得做18. cant help doing忍不住做 19. cant stand doing不能忍受做某事20. have fun doing做某事过得开心 21. what/how about doing sth?做某事怎么样？22. go+动名词去进行某种活动或运动:go shopping,去购物；go skating,去滑冰；go hiking去远足23. do some/the+动名词，指进

13、行某种活动do some cleaning,搞卫生；do some washing 洗衣服；24.介词后如接动词一律为ing 形式，为介词宾语，简称介宾: 特别注意的几个介词:习惯于做be/get used to doing 坚持做stick to doing为做某事做出贡献make a contribution to doing 感谢做thanks for doing期盼做某事 look forword to doing 注意做pay attention to doing对-感兴趣 be interested in doing 擅长做 be good at doing还有：keep.from

14、 doing，stop.from doing，be afraid of doing，be proud of doing，be used for doing， give up doing， put off doing等。（二）现在分词在句中作宾语补足语1、keep sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事2、hear/ see/ watch/ notice/ find sb doing sth 按顺序的翻译为：听见、看见、注视、注意到、发现某人正在做某事（此处的ing形式为现在分词作宾补）（三）作表语: 例：My hobby is collecting stamps.（四）动名词作主语，如：E

15、ating too much is bad for your health. 吃得太多对身体健康有害。注：动名词和动词不定式作主语，在许多情况下可以通用，但动名词作主语多表示抽象或多次的行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。（五）作定语，如：Lets join the singing group.让我们加入合唱队吧。a working method工作方法（六）现在分词作伴随状语，如：Students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing.（七）还有几个由动词ing形式构成的句型。1.有某人/某物正在做某事There be s

16、b/sth doing sth2.当发生某事时when/while+doing3.No+动名词表示禁令: No smoking禁止吸烟 No parking禁止停车三、有些动词既可以接动词不定式也可以接动名词，但意义不同，学生应该注意区分使用。1. stop to do停下来去做.(做什么事) 2. go on doing继续做同一件事 stop doing停止做（停止做） go on to do继续做另一件事3. forget/remember/regret to do忘记/记得/遗憾做（还没做）forget/remember/regret doing 忘记/记得/遗憾做过-（做过了）4.

17、try to do试图努力做 try doing实验做5. like/hate to do喜欢/讨厌做 （表具体，一次性的动作）like/hatedoing喜欢/讨厌做 （习惯经常性）四.感官动词接非谓语动词形式.接动词ing，表示此动作正在发生.接省to不定式表示此动作经常发生或发生过了1. see sb doing 看见某人正在做 see sb do看见某人经常做2. hear sb doing听见某人正在做 hear sb do经常听见某人做3. find sb doing发现某人正在做 find sb do发现某人做了/正在做五、有些动词的用法有多样性，单独记忆（一）有些动词接动词作宾

18、语时接动词ing形式，但接动词作宾语补足语时接不定式：1、advise建议、建议做某事为advise doing sth、建议某人做某事为advise sb to do sth2、allow允许、允许做某事为 allow doing sth、允许某人做某事 allow sb to do sth、be allowed to do被允许做（二）有些动词具有不同的词义时，用法不同。1、have有，使have sth to do有某事做have sb do sth使某人做某事have sth done使某事被做，又译为“让某人来做某事”，相当于ask someone to do sth 这里的some

19、one 不具体指出是何人。2、need需要，必须(既可以做实义动词，也可做情态动词)sb need to do某人（做主语）需要做某事sth need doing某事（做主语）需要被做如：He needs to buy a pen。The bike needs repairing含被动之意，相当于 The bike needs to be repaired。You neednt(不必)come。这里need为情态动词。3、dare 敢(既可以做实义动词，也可做情态动词)sb dont dare to do某人不敢做某事sth darent do某人不敢做某事六、动词过去分词作后置定语，有被动之

20、意。1、一个叫的（人，地名）a boy called/named Jim a place called Liaoning a place called Dayushu2、某人写的书 a book written by Lu Xun3、现在分词与过去分词的区别。在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。the surprising news令人惊讶的消息 a surprised man 一个受惊吓的人a moving film一场感人的电影 the moved people被感动的人们在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。the developing co

21、untry 发展中国家 the developed country发达国家the rising sun正在升起的太阳 the risen sun 升起来的太阳填空题：1-5：To drive swimming to get to be held to make单选题：1-25：BABDC ABBDD DABCB CBACA CCDBA一、选择题：1-30：DBCCB BCCCA AACAB BBDCD ABDCD DDABB填空题1(2010鸡西)How long does it take your father _(drive)to work every day?About half an

22、hour.2(2010鸡西)Last weekend, the Greens had great fun _(swim)at Water World.3(2009中考变式题)I think it is time for the boys _(get) on the bus.4(2011中考预测题)I am going to the party _(hold) at Smiths home this evening if I am free.5(2011中考预测题)After several campus(校园) attacks, many schools across the country

23、have already taken action _(make)their campuses safer.单选题:1(2010河北)Id like you _ for a picnic with us. Ago Bto go Cgoing Dwent2(2010哈尔滨)As teenagers，were old enough _ with housework.We can help set the table，wash the dishes and clean our own rooms. Ato help Bhelping Chelped3(2010兰州)Danny did all kin

24、ds of things to make the baby _. Ato stop crying Bstop crying Cto stop to cry Dstop to cry4(2010兰州)What are on show in the museum? Some photos _ by the children of Yushu, Qinghai. Ahave been taken Bwere taken Care taken Dtaken5(2010兰州)We have two rooms _， but I cant decide _. Ato live; to choose whi

25、ch one Blived; choose which one Cto live in; which one to choose Dlive; which one6(2010广州)The teacher told the students _ any food into the computer room. Anot to bring Bnot bring Cdont bring Dbring not7(2010广州)We dont have much homework this weekend. Shall we go out together? OK. What about _ a mov

26、ie? Ato see Bseeing Cto see Dsees8(2010达州)Why not _ an English club to practice _ English? Ato join; to speak Bjoin; speaking Cjoin; to speak Dto join; speaking9(2010潍坊)At least 300 million people are using QQ _ by Ma Huateng to chat on line. Acreate Bcreates Ccreating Dcreated10(2010荆州)Are you goin

27、g to Tibet for vacation? Yes. I want you to _ me with some information about it. Aoffer Bgive Cshow Dprovide11(2010泰安)I cant decide _. You mean the purple sweater or the blue one? Ahow to go there Bwho to go with Cwhere to visit Dwhich to choose12(2010泰安)How about going shopping this weekend, Peter?

28、 Sorry. I prefer _ rather than _. Ato stay at home; go out Bto go out; stay at home Cstaying at home; go out Dgoing out; stay at home13(2010广安)Please remember _ the lights when you leave the room. OK, I will. Aturn off Bto turn off Cturning off14(2010定西)The boy is looking forward to _ a good time af

29、ter the exam. Ato have Bhas Chaving Dhave15(2010安徽)There are so many kinds of computers in the shop. I really dont know _ to choose. Awhat Bwhich Chow Dwhere16(2010河南)Father often tells me _ too much time on computer games. Adont spend Bnot spend Cnot to spend Dnot spending17(2010成都)Wheres your brot

30、her now, Bob? I saw him _ in the street a moment ago and I told him _. Aplaying; dont do so Bplaying; not to do so Cplay; to do so18(2010贵阳)Nancy is really a hardworking student. We often see her _ books in the classroom. Aread Bto read Creads19(2009中考变式题)Why did you buy a radio? _ English. ALearn BLearning CTo learn DBe learning20(2009中考变式题)Doctors