XXXX学年度九年级英语Unit 13 知识点总结新目标人教版.docx

1、XXXX学年度九年级英语Unit 13 知识点总结新目标人教版XX-XX学年度九年级英语Unit 13 知识点总结（新目标人教版）本资料为woRD文档，请点击下载地址下载全文下载地址九年级英语Unit13weretryingtosavetheearth!知识点.现在进行时定义：表示说话时（瞬间）正在进行的动作，也表示目前或现阶段一直进行的动作。结构:肯定句:主语+am/is/are+V-ing否定句:主语+am/is/are+not+V-ing疑问句:Am/Is/Are+主语+V-ing用法：1）表示说话时正在进行的，目前正在发生的动作。Look!Thebigbirdisflyingaway.

2、Heiswatchingamovienow.2）表示目前一段时间内正在进行，但说话时可能没有进行的动作。RightnowIamstudyingchinesebydistancelearning.我现在正通过远程教育学习汉语。)2)常带有表示目前时刻的时间副词,如：now,rightnow,atthemoment,forthetimebeing,atpresent,thesedays及Look!Listen!.3）与always,constantly,forever,allthetime等副词连用，表示动作反复或习惯。此时句子常含有说话者的强烈情感在内。表达较强的“责备”或“表扬”之意youar

3、ealwayschangingyourmind.你总是主意不定。Heisalwayshelpingothers.他总是帮助别人。4）对于come,go,leave,arrive,start,fly,drive等表示位置移动的动词常可用进行时态表将来。Heisleavingonwednesday.maryisnthereatthemoment.Sheiscominglater.2.usedtodo过去常常做某事见第四单元及use用法be/getusedtodoing习惯于做某事beusedtodo=beusedfordoing被用来做某事3.被动语态见第五单元注意：接双宾语的词的被动语态；mak

4、e/let/havesbdo的被动语态；see/hear/notice/find/observe/noticesbdo的被动语态；Itssaid/reported/believed/supposed/well-knownthat；及无被动语态的三种情况（感官动词、不及物动词、sell/write等）4.现在完成时:用法：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果yesterdayIfinishedmyhomework,thatstosay,Ihavefinishedmyhomeworknow.过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续Ihavelivedheresince1990.现

5、在完成时的构成have/has+过去分词现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句Hehasfinishedthework.一般疑问句Hashefinishedthework?否定句Hehasnotfinishedthework.两回答yes,hehas.No,hehasnt.特殊疑问句whathashedone?在下列情形下用现在完成时九词语already已经肯定句中或句尾Ihavealreadyfoundmypen.=Ihavefoundmypenalready.yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾Ihavenotfinishedtheworkyet.Haveyouboughtacomputeryet?eve

6、r曾经句中Haveyoueverseenpandas?never从不句中IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.just刚刚句中Ihavejustdonemywork.before以前句尾Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.sofar到目前为止Sofarhehaslearned200words.howlong多久Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?howmanytimes多少次HowmanytimeshashebeentoBeijing?2两词组have<has>goneto去了某地例：HehasgonetoBeijinghave<has&

7、gt;beento去过某地例：HehasbeentoBeijing.3两结构fortwomonthsfor+一段时间jimhaslivedherefor2months.sincelastyearsince+过去时间点LucyhasbeeninBeijingsince3yearsago.since3yearsagosince1990sincehecameheresince+过去时态句子Hehasbeeninchinasincehecamehere.4如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。Haveyoulostyourlibrarybook?你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的

8、那本书吗？5现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型Theyhaveplantedmanytreesinthelast/pastfewyears.ThisisthebestbookIhaveeverread.ItisthefirsttimeIhaveplayedthecomputergames.在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用例：Hehasboughtthebookfor3years.（错）因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for3years连用,改正的办法有：Hehasboughtthebook.Heboughtthebook3yearsagoIts/Ithasbeen3yearss

9、inceheboughtthebook.=3yearshaspassedsinceheboughtthebook.（改为固定句型Itis/Ithasbeen-since-）Hehashadthebookfor3years.（用延续性动词have代替buy）另外come/arrive/getto/reachbehereIhavecomeherefor3years.（错）改为：Ihavebeenherefor3years.leave/gobeawayHehasleftfor3hours.（错）改为：Hehasbeenawayfor3hours.begin/startbeonThefilmhasbe

10、gunfor3minutes.（错）改为：Thefilmhasbeenonfor3minutes.openbeopen/closebeclosedTheshophasopenedfor3years.改为：Theshophasbeenopenfor3years.diebedeadHisfatherhasdiedfor3years.改为：Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor3years.finish/endbeoverHehasfinishedtheworkfor3days.改为：Theworkhasbeenoverfor3daysjoinIhavejoinedthearmyfor3ye

11、ars.（错）改为：Ihavebeeninthearmyfor3years.或Ihavebeenasoldierfor3years.buy/catchhaveIhaveboughtthebikefor3years.（错）改为：Ihavehadthebikefor3years.Hehascaughtacoldfor3days.（错）改为：Hehashadacoldfor3days.borrowkeepIhaveborrowedthebookfor3years.（错）改为：Ihavekeptthebookfor3years.还有其它的归纳如下：breakbebrokengetupbeupmarry

12、bemarriedbecomebelosebelost5.情态动词)情态动词本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气，但不能单独作谓语，只能与其他动词构成谓语。常见的有：can,may,must,need,shall,will等。2)情态动词无人称和数的变化,后接动词原形。否定式是在情态动词后面加not。个别情态动词有过去式形式,也可用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。.can和could的用法can/could表示“能力；许可；可能性”等。could为can的过去式。如：canIuseyourbike?can用在疑问句中，表示征求意见、请求许可，答语仍用can;could用在疑问句中，比ca

13、n更委婉、客气，是一种礼貌的说法，并不表示过去时态，答语用can，而不能用could。如：couldyoutellmethewaytothezoo?Sorry.Icant.Imnewhere。注意can和could只能用于现在时和过去时两种时态，将来时中用beableto。另外，cant可表示否定推测。如：That_bemrwang.HehasgonetoBeijing。2.may和might的用法may/might意为“可以”，表示同意、许可或请求对方许可，也可表示祝愿。may的否定形式为maynot。might是may的过去式，有两种用法：一种表示过去式；一种表示虚拟语气，使语气更加委婉、

14、客气，或表示可能性更小。以may开头的一般疑问句，其否定回答用mustnt,而不用maynot。如：_Iuseyourpen?我可以用你用的钢笔吗？youmayputonmoreclothes.mayyoubehappy!mightIborrowsomemoneynow?Hemightbealive.3.must的用法must意为“必须，一定，准是”，表示说话人认为有必要做某事，或命令、要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。否定形式mustnt,表示“不得”，“一定不要”。如：I_finishmyworktoday。youmustntdriveafterdrinking。must与haveto的区别

15、：must表示说话人的主观意愿；haveto表示客观需要。如：Imustdomyhomeworkfirst。Itisraininghardoutside;I_stayathome。回答由must引导的疑问句的提问肯定回答：yes,must.如：mustIgohomenow?yes,youmust.否定回答：No，neednt./No，dont/doesnthaveto.mustIgohomenow?No,you_.must表示对事物的推测，意为“想必；一定”，只用于肯定句中；表“推测”时，情态动词与动词原形，连用，如：Themanmustbeourteacher。4.need的用法need表示

16、“需要，必须”，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。其否定形式为neednt，表示“没有必要，不必”；对由need构成的疑问句进行回答时，其肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt。如Needwedosomecleaningnow?yes,youmust.No,youneednt.need还可作实义动词，常用于下列结构：人：needtodosth“需要做某事”。如Ineedtolearnmore.物：needdoing“某物需要被做”=needtobedone。如：myhairneedscutting.=myhairneedstobecut.need+名词或代词。如：Alllivingthingsne

17、edwater.5.shall和should的用法shall用于第一人称的句子中，表示提建议或请求；should用于各种人称的句子中，强调义务或责任，意为“应该”。如：_wegooutforawalk?youshouldstudyhardatschool。shouldhavedone主要有两个用法：用于推测过去已经发生的情况。如：Heshouldhavearrivedbynow.用于指本该发生而实际上未发生的情况。如：youshouldhavetoldmesobefore.6.will和would的用法will用于第二人称疑问句时，表示征求意见或提建议；would为will的过去式，可用于多种

18、人称，表示意愿。如：willyouhavealittlesoup?wouldhavedone主要有两个用法：表“猜测过去”Iguessthepoetwouldhavebeenabouttwentywhenshewroteherfirstpoem.表“过去本会发生，而实际并未发生”，没有责备之意。IwouldhavewrittenbeforebutIhavebeenill.本来我是会写信的，但是由于我生病了。（用来说明某一情况，没有责备之意）7.havetohaveto的陈述句形式肯定式：haveto+动词原形Ihavetotidymyroom.我得整理房间.否定式：dont+haveto+动词

19、原形youdonthavetogoifyoudontwantto.haveto的一般疑问句形式及简略答语haveto的一般疑问形式必须借助助动词do或does：Doyouhavetolookafteryoursister?yes,Ido./No,Idont.haveto的特殊疑问句形式whatdoyouhavetodoonSundays?haveto可用于各种时态A、一般现在时：Ihavetovisitmrwang.B、一般过去时：Thatnightwehadtowalkhomebecausetherewasnobus.c、一般将来时：wellhavetoaskZhangminginstead

20、.D、与may连用：IthinkhemayhavetohelphisDadinthegarden.8.oughttooughtto的肯定式应当,应该youdontlookwell.yououghttogotoseethedoctor.oughtto的否定式和疑问式oughtto的否定形式是ought后直接加not构成，其否定形式可缩写为oughtnt。oneoughtnottocrossthestreetagainsttheredlight.oughtto的疑问式是将ought提到句首构成。oughtwetodoitatonce?yes,yououghtto.Heoughttobehereno

21、w,shouldnthe?“oughtto+have+done”表示过去应做某事而实际未做yououghttohavetoldmethat.这时oughtto和should可以互换使用。三.litter/rubbish/garbage/waste/trashgarbage和rubbish含义相同，garbage美国英语，而rubbish英国英语。这两个词词义较为具体，指必须及时清除的剩余物，比如厨房里的垃圾，生活垃圾等等。litter指公共场所丢弃的小片/块垃圾，如纸片、塑料袋、易拉罐、饮料瓶等。waste作名词用时可表“废物”的总称。另：wastetimeindoingsth浪费时间做某事t

22、akeoutthetrash倒垃圾2.atthebottomof在.底部/atthetopof在.顶部Heshoutedatthetopofhisvoiceinorderthathemightbeheard.3.advantage-disadvantage).have/gain/gettheadvantageover优于，比占有优势。如：youhavetheadvantageovermeinexperience.你经验比我丰富。有时用动词gain,get等。如：Theygainedanadvantageovertheenemy.他们比敌人占优势。2).takeadvantageof=makeu

23、seof利用。Theytookadvantageofthefineweathertoplaytennis.利用。Healwaystookfulladvantageofthemistakesmadebyhisrivals.欺骗，捉弄，占便宜。Hehasalwaysbeentakingadvantageofme.3).tosbsadvantage对某人有利。Itwillbetoyouradvantagetostudyabroad.4.四个花费句型人：spend钱/时间onsth.spend钱/时间indoingsth.spent人：pay钱forsth.pay-paid-paid物：sth.cos

24、tsb.钱cost-cost-costIttakessb.时间todosth.take-took-taken5.beharmfulto=doharmto对有害Smokingisharmfultothehealth.=Smokingdoesharmtoyourhealth6.参加辨析joinjoinin&takepartinattend7.affordtodosth担负得起干某事常与can,could,beableto连用Hetoldmethatthefirmcouldnotaffordtopaysuchlargesalaries.他告诉我公司无法支付如此巨额的工资。8.turn短语tu

25、rnin归还youmustturninyourequipmentbeforeyouleavethearmy.turnon打开couldyouturnonthelight,please？turnoff关掉（煤气，水，电，收音机，电视机等）Dontforgettoturnoffthelightwhenyouleave.turnup出现，到达开大音量Hepromisedtocomebuthasntturnedupyet.Icantheartheradioverywell;couldyouturnitupabit？turndown关小拒绝canyouturntheTVdown?Imtryingtoge

26、tsomesleep.Hetriedtojointhearmybutwasturneddownbecauseofpoorhealth.turnout+adj./n.证明是，结果是Theexperimentturnedouttobeagreatsuccess.turn/changeinto把变成，译成Turnthefollowingsentencesintochinese,please.turnto翻到，求助于1)Pleaseturntopage10.2)Thechildturnedtohismotherforcomfort.turnover翻身，翻转Sheturnedoverandwentto

27、sleep.9.throwaway扔掉,丢弃错过Hethrewawaytheoldsofa.Dontthrowawaythisopportunity.0.workworkn.工作；（音乐、艺术）作品；工厂v.工作Hehasmuchworktodo.Themangainedhiswealthbyprintingworksoffamouswriters.（做“作品”讲，为可数名词，但常用复数）Theglassworksis/arenearthestation.玻璃厂在车站附近。（做“工厂”讲，只用复数形式，但谓语动词单复均可）英语中有些名词，单复数形式意义有差别。manner方式，方法manner

28、s礼貌，礼仪arm胳膊arms武器water水waters海水，水域wood木头woods森林1.bringback归还；使想起Thesebooksmustbebroughtbackwithinaweekyourarticlebroughtbacksadmemoriesforme.bringup：抚养长大bringin：引进bringforward：提出bringabout：带来，造成2.inspirationninspirev激励3.trytodo=try/doonesbesttodo努力去做某事。trydoingsth.尝试做某事Everystudentshouldtrytostudyhardinordertostudyinauniversity.4.berelatedto与有关Iamnotrelatedtohiminanyway.我和他无任何关系。5.playapartindoingsth在方面起作用Agooddietplaysalargepartinhelpingpeoplelivelonger.6.turn/changeinto变成joanisturningintoquiteaskilledmusician.译成PleaseturnthisintoEnglish.7.makeadifference表示产生影响或作用Thenewteac