考研英语核心词汇速成胜经47.docx

1、考研英语核心词汇速成胜经47考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 47一、 真题文章（1998年Text 2）Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presidin

2、gover is for real. The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lumpmanufacturing and services together, productivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade. And since 1991, productivity has increased by

3、 about 2% a year, which is more than twice the 1978 87 average. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual reboundthat occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasur

4、y secretary, says, a “disjunction” between the massof business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics. Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplace all that re engineering and downsizing - are only one contribution to

5、the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not alway

6、s mean increasing productivity: switchingto new markets or improving quality can matter just as much. Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done, it may have spread much less wide

7、ly than people suppose. Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much “re engineering” has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost. His colle

8、ague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re engineering in a mechanistic fashion, choppingout costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability. BBDOs Al Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of re-engineering consultants as mere rubbish - “t

9、he worst sort of ambulance-cashing.” 二、 译文人们常说不劳而获，但是假如努力了也没有收获那又怎么样？在美国，到处都流传公司起死回生的故事，但是我们难以确定，生意人认为的他们正在经历的生产力革命是否是真实的。 官方的统计数字却有点让人沮丧。这些数字表明，如果把制造业和服务业合在一起，自1987年以来，平均生产率提高了1.2%。这比十年前的平均生产率增长的更快些。自1991年来，每年生产率平均提高约2%。这是1978至1987年平均生产率的两倍多。麻烦的是近年来部分的增长是由于经济周期通常出现的反弹引起的，因此，它不是潜在趋势中复苏的真凭实据。正如财政部长罗伯

10、特.鲁宾所说：“有关生产率大幅度提高的商界奇闻与统计数字反映的情况大相径庭”。有些现象很好解释。对工厂进行调整例如企业重组和缩小规模只是改变整个经济中劳动生产率的一方面，影响生产率的还有其他很多因素，例如对机器设备的投资，新的科学技术，对教育和培训的投资等。而且，公司所做的调整大部分都是为了获利，而并不总能带来生产率的提高；转向新的市场和提高产品质量同样也是十分重要的。另外两种解释比较没有事实根据。第一种是近年来开展的企业改组方法不对。第二种是，即使改组是正确的，它所涉及的面也没有人们想象的那么广。莱昂纳德.施莱辛格是一位哈佛大学学者，同时也是一家发展迅速的面包连锁店的前任总裁，他说：“大多数

11、公司的重组未完成”。他认为在很多情况下，企业收益的损失超出了成本的降低。他的同事迈克.比尔说：“太多的公司以一种机械化的方式进行重组，降低了成本却没有充分考虑到长期效益。”BBDO的艾尔.罗森夏恩更加的直率，他认为重组顾问所做的很多工作不过是垃圾而已“是最糟糕的劳而无获”。 三、 考研核心词汇 revival / ri5vaivEl / n. 苏醒,复兴,复活,再生效,复苏例 the revival of a drowned man 溺水者的复苏派生 revive / ri5vaiv / v.(使)苏醒, (使)复兴, (使)复活, (使)再生效,回想 establish / is5tAbli

12、F / vt. 1建立,设立2安置,使定居3使人民接受,确定v.建立例 The company was established in 1860. 这家公司创办于一八六零年。同义 demonstrate，fix，found，organize，prove，set，settle，show反义 demolish / di5mCliF / vt.毁坏,破坏,推翻,粉碎destroy / dis5trCi / vt.破坏,毁坏,消灭 v.消灭,摧毁ruin/ ruin; 5ru:in /v.使)破产, (使)堕落,毁灭n.毁灭,崩溃,废墟,遗迹派生 establishment / is5tAbliFmEn

13、t / n. 1确立,制定,设施2公司；军事组织 revolution / 7revE5lu:FEn / n. 1革命2旋转例 The army officers led a revolutionagainst the king.军官们领导了一次反国王的革命。同义 change，circle，circuit，cycle，orbit，overthrow，rebellion，revolt riot派生 revolutionary / 5revE5lu:FEnEri / adj.革命的revolutionize / 7revE5l(j)u:FEnaiz / vt.宣传革命,大事改革 preside

14、/ pri5zaid / v.主持例 The special workshop was presided over by a famous scientist.那次专题研讨会是由一位著名的科学家主持的。同义 administer，direct，govern，officiate派生 president / 5prezidEnt / n.总统,会长,校长,行长固定搭配 preside at主持(会议等)；preside over主持,当会议主席 lump / lQmp / n. 1块（尤指小块）,肿块2笨人vt. 1使成块状,混在一起2忍耐3笨重地移动vi.结块例 I like taking on

15、e lump of sugar in my tea.我喜欢在茶里放一块方糖。同义 bump，chunk，hunk，mass，swelling acceleration / Ak7selE5reiFEn / n.加速度例 This bus has good acceleration.这辆公共汽车的加速性能很好。反义 deceleration di:7selE5reiFEn n.减速派生 accelerate / Ak5selEreit / v.加速,促进 due / dju: / n.应得物、权力, 复应付款adj.应得的,应付的,正当的,预期的, (车、船预定)应到的例例 When is my

16、 salary due? 什么时候付我工资?同义 equitable，fair，fitting，just，proper，rightful，square反义 undue / 5Qn5dju: / adj.不适当的固定搭配 due from应收；due to由于;起因于;归功于 rebound / ri5baund / n.回弹 v.回弹例 The ball rebounded from the wall. 球从墙上弹回来。 trend / trend / n.倾向,趋势 vi.伸向,倾向,通向例 the trendof modern living 现代生活的趋势同义 course，current

17、，direction，drift，movement，tendency派生 trendily / 5trendili / adv.时髦地 disjunction / dis5dVQNkFEn / n.分离,分裂,折断例 North-Atlantic disjunction 北大西洋间断分布反义 junction / 5dVQNkFEn / n.连接,接合,交叉点,汇合处派生 disjunctive / dis5dVQNktiv / adj.分离性的disjunct / dis5dVQNkt / adj.分离的,不相连的 mass /mAs / n.块,大多数,质量,群众,大量adj.群众的,大规

18、模的,集中的vt.使集合 vi.聚集例 Ive massesof work to do. 我有大量工作要去做。同义 accumulation，amount，batch，bulk，chunk，heap，hunk，load，lump反义 bit / bit / n.小块,少量,片刻,马嚼子,辅币vt.上马嚼子,控制vbl.咬n.计位,比特固定搭配 be a mass of遍体是.;充满了.；in mass全部,全体;整个地；in the mass总体上,总的说来 anecdote / 5AnikdEut / n.轶事,奇闻例 I still remembered an anecdoteof my

19、childhood.我仍然记得童年的一轶事同义 account，joke，narrative，story，tale，yarn派生 anecdotic / 7Anek5dCtik / adj.轶话的,爱谈轶事的 leap / li:p / v.跳,跳越,跳跃 n.跳跃,飞跃例 a leap from rags to riches. 由穷人一跃变为富翁同义 bound，dive，hop，hurdle，jump，plunge，pounce，spring，vault downsize / 5daun7saiz / vt.以较小尺寸设计(或制造),缩小(汽车等)的外部尺寸例 This corporati

20、on downsized its personnel in response to a poor economy.这个股份有限公司因经济不景气而裁员 machinery / mE5Fi:nEri / n.总称机器,机械例 The machinery is driven by electricity. 这些机器由电驱动。派生 machine / mE5Fi:n / n.机器,机械,机动车辆,机构,设计,机械般工作的人, (政党的)领导集团,核心组织vt.机器制造,用车床加工 switch / switF / n.开关,电闸,转换 vt.转换,转变例 asked her brother to sw

21、itch seats with her. 请她的兄弟与她交换座位同义 bang，beat，change，exchange，flog，lash，paddle，pummel，replace speculative / 5spekjulEtiv, -leit- / adj.投机的例 speculativefunds. 投机资金派生 speculation / 7spekju5leiFEn / n.思索,做投机买卖speculate / 5spekju7leit / vi.推测,思索,做投机买卖 ineptly / i5neptli / adv.不适当地,无能地例 He plays tennis qu

22、ite ineptly. 他打网球太笨。派生 inept / i5nept / adj.不适当的,无能的,不称职的 bakery / 5beikEri / n.面包店例 biscuit bakery 饼干烘房派生 bake / beik / v.烘焙,烤,烧硬baker / 5beikE / n.面包师,面包工人, (便携式)烘炉 crude / kru:d / adj. 1天然的,未加工的,粗糙的,拙劣的2粗鲁的n.天然的物质例 the crude life of our savage ancesters in the remote past远古时代未开化祖先的原始生活同义 raw，roug

23、h，vulgar反义 refined / ri5faind / adj.精制的,优雅的,精确的 revenue / 5revinju: / n.收入,国家的收入,税收例 revenue tax 财政税同义 earnings，income，proceeds，expenditure fashion / 5fAFEn / n. 1样子,方式2流行,风尚vt. 1形成,造,作,把.塑造成2使适应,使适合3改革,改变例 Loose trousers are the latest fashion. 宽大的裤子是最新的时髦服装。同义 create，custom，form，mode，mold，shape，st

24、yle，vogue派生 fashionable / 5fAFEnEbl / adj.流行的,时髦的 chop / tFCp / n.砍,排骨,官印,商标 vt.剁碎,砍, (风浪)突变例 Onions must be chopped up to make a salad. 要做凉拌菜得把洋葱剁碎。同义 cleave，cut，sever sufficient / sE5fiFEnt / adj.充分的,足够的例 The pension is not sufficient for living expenses.这年金不够应付生活费用。同义 adequate，ample，enough，plenty

25、，satisfactory反义 insufficient / 7insE5fiFEnt / adj.不足的,不够的 n.不足派生 suffice / sE5fais / vi. 足够,有能力 vt.使满足sufficiency / sE5fiFEnsi / n.充足,自满,足量 profitability / 7prCfitE5biliti / n.收益性,利益率例 production line profitability 生产线盈利能力派生 profit / 5prCfit / n.利润,益处,得益vi.得益,利用 vt.有益于,有利于 blunt / blQnt / adj.钝的,生硬的

26、例 Too much alcohol makes your senses blunt.(喻)大量喝酒会使你的感觉迟钝。同义 candid，direct，dull，frank，outspoken，straightforward，acute，keen 反义 sharp / FB:p / n. 高调,内行,利刃,骗子 adv.整,锐利地,急速地adj.锐利的,锋利的,明显的,强烈的,刺耳的,急剧的,精明的,敏捷的日本夏普公司 consultant / kEn5sQltEnt / n.顾问,商议者,咨询者例 The consultant committee met at the call of the

27、 chairman.顾问委员会应主席的召集而开会。 派生 consult / kEn5sQlt / v. 商量,商议,请教,参考,考虑 consultation / 7kCnsEl5teiFEn / n. 请教,咨询,磋商, 医会诊 ambulance / 5AmbjulEns / n.战时流动医院,救护车例 ambulance corps 野战救护队 四、 强化练习 1.In the middle ages there was a great _ of satanic practices, witchcraft, and magic - like there is today.A.reviv

28、al B. outfit C. origin D. ornament2.The purpose of the procedure is not to clone human beings but to _ cell cultures that can serve as models of human disease.A. deteriorate B. omit C. navigate D.establish3._ now has become a must for the industry. Especially with the increasing of customers, advanc

29、ing of technologies and developing of services in information industry.A. Multitude B.Revolution C. Heritage D. Glamour4. More and more are content to stay at home to watch movies. The _ has taken a toll on theater ticket sales, down 21% to $88.7 million through Sept. 25, vs. the same period last ye

30、ar, according to Nielsen EDI.A. stream B. school C. trend D. swarm5. Gas and oil prices often move in tandem because as many as 10 percent of U.S. factories and power plants can _ between burning oil and gas depending on cost.A. transfer B. interact C. spark D. switch6. Of all _ blunders, there are

31、few greater than selling what shows a profit and keeping what shows a loss.A. specific B. speculative C. progressive D. greedy7. However my husband is in jail now, his bank accounts and private properties including a _ oil export refinery have been confiscated by the sultanate(伊斯兰教君主的地位).A. crude B. raw C. smooth D. rough8. Along comes Google, with its _ run rate of $6 billion