考研英语强化班写作.docx

1、考研英语强化班写作考研英语写作要求与评分细则1大纲对写作的评价目标(全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲(非英语考生)在考试说明部分要求考生掌握的写作技能：考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等，以及一般描述性、叙述性、说明性或议论性的文章。写作时，考生应能：1)做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当；2)遵循文章的特定文体格式；3)合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯；4)根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语域。2考研写作考试内容A节：题型有两种，每次考试选择其中的一种形式。1)考生根据所给情景写出一篇约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函

2、、备忘录、报告等。2)要求考生根据所提供的汉语文章，用英语写出一篇80100词的文章摘要。考生在答题卡2上作答。共10分。B节：考生根据提示信息写出一篇160-200词的短文(标点符号不计算在内)。提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。考生在答题卡2上作答、共20分。3考研写作评分标准(一)评分原则和方法1一般评分标准适用于A、B两节。但根据两节不同的考查要点，评分时会有不同的侧重点。A节本部分的评分重点在于信息表达的全面、准确、适当。主要包括信息点的覆盖是否全面，语篇结构和格式是否正确，语言表达是否准确，语域是否恰当等方面。对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据试题的具体情况做出

3、相应规定。B节作文的评分重点在于内容的完整性、文章的组织连贯性、语法结构和词汇的多样性及语言的准确性。2评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来给分。评分人员在档内有1-3分的调节分。3A节作文的字数要求是应用文100词左右或摘要80-100词。B节作文的字数要求是160-200词。文章长度不符合要求的，酌情扣分。4拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时，视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。5如书写较差，以致影响读者理解，将分数降低一个档次。(二)一般评分标准第五档A节(9-10分)B节(1720分)很好地完成了试题规定的任务。包含所有内

4、容要点；使用丰富的语法结构和词汇；语言自然流畅，语法错误极少；有效地采用了多种衔接手法，文字连贯，层次清晰；格式和语域恰当贴切。对目标读者完全产生了预期的效果。第四档 A节(7-8分)B节(13-16分)较好地完成了试题规定的任务。包含所有内容要点，允许漏掉一两个次重点；使用较丰富的语法结构和词汇；语言基本准确，只有在试图使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇时才有个别错误；采用了适当的衔接手法，层次清晰，组织较严密，格式和语域较恰当。对目标读者产生了预期的效果。第三档 A节(5-6分)B节(9-12分)基本完成了试题规定的任务。虽漏掉一些内容，但包含多数内容要点，应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的需求；有

5、一些语法及词汇错误，但不影响理解；采用了简单的衔接手法，内容较连贯，层次较清晰，格式和语域基本合理。对目标读者基本完全产生了预期的效果。第二档A节(3-4分)B节(5-8分)未能按要求完成试题规定的任务。漏掉或未能有效阐述一些内容要点，写了一些无关内容，语法结构单调、词汇项目有限；有较多语法结构及词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解，未采用恰当的衔接手法，内容缺少连贯性，格式和语域不恰当。未能清楚地传达信息给读者。第一档 A节(1-2分)B节(1-4分)未完成试题规定的任务。明显遗漏主要内容，且有许多不相关的内容；语法项目和词汇的使用单调、重复；语言错误多，有碍读者对内容的理解，语言运用能力

6、差；未采用任何衔接手法，内容不连贯，缺少组织、分段；无格式和语域概念。未能传达信息给读者。零档 (0分)所传达的信息或所使用语言太少，无法评价；内容与要求无关或无法辨认。 写作A节题型分类1书信类应用文2009大纲样题：Directions:You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books. Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for:1) detailed information about the b

7、ooks you want, 2) methods of payment, 3) time and way of delivery. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)Sample letter:Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing for informatio

8、n about test preparation materials for the IELTS test. I wonder if you have a vocabulary book covering the words required for IELTS, as well as past examination papers with keys and model essays. Besides, how should I pay for these books- by cash, cheque, or any other means? If possible, I would lik

9、e to use my credit card. Finally, how will these books be shipped and when is the approximate time I can receive them? The express mail is preferable if the additional charge is not too much. I would appreciate it if you would send me a reply at your earliest convenience. Yours sincerely,Li Ming步骤一：

10、阅读并分析题目1)信息点和内容Explaining a situation Requesting information 2)语言Vocabulary Sentence structure 3)格式和语域(对比：便笺、备忘录)Format: salutation, body, complimentary close, name of sender Register: informal or formal?步骤二：开始写作写称呼语：Dear Sir/Madam.To whom it may concern.Dear Mr. Bush.Dear Gworge 表明写作目的：I am writing

11、 for/about/concerning.I am writing to.I am writing because.提供，询问信息： I wonder if.Would it be possible for you to.I would like to.要求采取行动：I would appreciate it if you could.I should be grateful if you could.Could you please.Would you mind.结束语：Thank you for your attention/kindness.I look forward to seei

12、ng you/your reply签名：Yours sincerely.Yours faithfully.Best wishes.Lots of love 步骤三：检查检查内容检查语言检查卷面书信写作语言点语法点一般过去时Im sorry, I was late for the class this morning. I really enjoyed your dinner last week. 现在完成时I have been studying English for 10 years. The oven has been broken for over a week. 一般现在时My cl

13、ass starts at 8:30. They have parties every night. 请求Would it be possible for me to borrow your notes?Could you send me information about the trip?提问Do you know where the books can be found?What clothes should I bring?When does the course start?原因和结果I cant go because it is too expensive. It is too e

14、xpensive so I cant go. 对比He studied very hard but he failed in the exam. He was always late. However, he got the best test result. 词汇不太正式与较为正式：She gets good money She receives a good salary. People are worried about the environment The environment is a major issue. Im not really sure, but.It is poss

15、ible.People say. It is often said.2005Directions:Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs &Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and ma

16、king an apology. Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use Li Ming instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)高分作文Dear Mr. Wang, I am much grateful to be employed by you two months ago as an

17、 editor for your magazine Designs & Fashions. I appreciate the opportunity of having worked here with you and other colleagues. The experiences will be unforgettable throughout my life. However, as a young man whose primary interest is in computer science rather than fashion designing, I find my pre

18、sent job doesnt fall in with my previous training and strength. I therefore decide to quit this job for something else that may conform to my former preparation. Please accept my sincere apologies for any inconveniences my leaving may occur. Yours truly, Li Ming 2006Directions:You want to contribute

19、 to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it

20、 neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)高分作文Dear Sir or Madam, Moved by the noble cause of Project Hope and encouraged by what has been achieved so far, I would like to contribute my bit to the project b

21、y offering financial aid to a child in a remote area of your province. I would be much grateful if you could help me seek out a girl who has just started schooling but whose family cannot afford her education. My plan is to pay for her tuition on an annual basis till she finishes her secondary educa

22、tion. I would like to remit my donation directly to a bank account opened by her family in her local area. Yours truly, Li Ming 2007Directions:Write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your

23、 name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)高分作文Dear Sir/Madam, I am a student in this university who regularly come to the library to spend my spare time. Generally speaking, the services you offer here is quite good; however, I have some suggestions fo

24、r you to adopt. And I would like to extend my greatest appreciation if you are so kind as to take my suggestions into consideration. To begin with, will you please prolong the time for reading? In the daytime, most of the students are having class, so they cant come to the library. Moreover, some of

25、 the books on shelves are out of date. If you are so kind as to provide us. some books such as the latest magazines, we will be greatly honored. I really wish to have a more comfortable library. Thank you for your time and consideration. Sincerely yours, Li Ming 2008Directions:You have just come bac

26、k from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to 1) make an apology, and 2) suggest a solution You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead. D

27、o not write the address. 高分作文Dear Bob, I am writing to make an apology to you for I forgot to return a music CD which I borrowed from you last week. Yesterday I have come back from Canada and I found it in my luggage. I am so sorry that you cannot listen to it at present. The CD which I borrowed fro

28、m you is made in Canada, so I believe you can find another one in your local store. How about your buying another CD by yourself and I will pay for it? If you cannot find the similar one, I would send it back to you by post. And if there are any other solutions you like, please let me know. I am sor

29、ry again for my carelessness. Looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 2009Directions:Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. White Pollution is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to 1) give your opinion

30、s briefly, and 2) make two or three suggestions. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead. You do not need to write the address. 各档次分数段例文(1)To whom it may concern, As a student of a university, I want to take this opportunity to express some points about White Pollution. There is no denying that plastic is destroy our