国际商务英语 05844 江苏自考 汉译英.docx

1、国际商务英语 05844 江苏自考 汉译英LESSON 1 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS国际商务1. 国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. It involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic countries. 2. 随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务

2、之外而存在。因此，在此方 面具有一定的知识是十分必要的，这既有益于企业的发展又有益于个人的进步。With the development of economic globalization, few people or companies can completely stay away from international business. Therefore, some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement. 3. 其他参与国际

3、贸易的形式有管理合同、承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。Other forms for participating in international business are management contract, contract manufacturing, and turnkey project. 4. 国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消 费或转售。International business first took the form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods pr

4、oduced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. 5. 除了国际贸易和投资， 国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国外市场的一种方式。 Besides trade and investment, international licensing and franchising are sometimes taken as a means of entering a foreign market. 6. 国际贸易和国内贸易在法制体系、货币、文化和自然条件与经济条件方面都有所不同。 Internation

5、al business and domestic business are quite different in legal systems, currency, culture and natural and economic conditions. 7. 随着经济全球化的发展， 无形贸易即使在发展中国家的国际贸易中所占的比例也逐渐增大。 With the development of economic globalization, invisible trade accounts for an increasing proportion of the world trade even in

6、 the developing countries. 8. 国际投资是国际商务的另一个重要形式， 可分为外国直接投资和证券投资两大领域。 International investment is another form of international business and can be classified into two categories, foreign direct investment and portfolio investment.9. 对商务知识的了解可避免产生国际贸易活动中的一些问题。Knowledge of business will avoid giving r

7、ise to some problems in respect of international business activities. 10. BOT 是“交钥匙”工程的一种流行的变通形式。BOT is a popular variant of the turnkey project. LESSON 2 收入水平与世界市场INCOME LEVEL AND THE WORLD MARKET11. 国民生产总值和国内生产总值是表明一国收入的两个重要概念。区别在于前者强调的是生产要素的所属权而后者着重于进行生产的国家。GNP and GDP are two important concepts

8、used to indicate a countrys income. The difference between GNP and GDP is that the former focuses on ownership of the factors of production while the latter concentrates on the place where production takes place. 12. 要评估某一市场的潜力，人们往往要分析其收入水平，因为它为那里居民的购买力高低提供了线索。In assessing the potential of a market,

9、 people often look at its income level since it provides clues about the purchasing power of its residents.13. 世界各国被世界银行分为三大领域：高收入国家，中等收入国家和低收入国家。Countries of the world are divided by the World Bank into three categories of high-income, middle income and low income. 14. 中国现在的年人均收入为 1100 美元以上，但几年前它还是

10、一个低收入的国家。China with an annual per capita income of over $1100 is a middle income country though it was a low income country just a few years ago. 15. 就中国来说，周围还有其他应特别关注的市场，如亚洲四小虎、东盟国家、俄罗斯等国，这些 国家都具有前景看好的市场潜力，能为中国提供很好的商机。As far as China is concerned, other markets we should pay particular attention to

11、 are those around us: the Four Tigers, the ASEAN countries, Russia etc. those are countries with very promising market potential and can offer good business opportunities to China. 16. 日本和中国是重要贸易伙伴，两国经济互补，又是一衣带水的近邻。中日贸易关系对两国都有 重要的意义。With mutually complementary economy, Japan and China are major trad

12、e partners, and the two countries are close neighbors separated by a strip of water. Sino-Japanese business relations are therefore of great importance to both countries. LESSON 3 地区经济一体化REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION17. 过去的几十年，地区经济一体化越来越重要。The past decades witnessed increasingly growing importance o

13、f regional economic integration. 18. 最著名的自由贸易区是北美自由贸易区，它是由美国，加拿大和墨西哥于 1991 年建立的。The most notable free trade area is the North American Free Trade Area, formed by the United States, Canada and Mexico in 1991. 19. 经济联盟的成员国不仅要在税收，政府开支，企业策略等方面保持一致，而且还应使用同一的 货币。The members of an economic union are requir

14、ed to not only to harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies, etc. but also use the same currency. 20. 欧洲委员会是欧盟的管理机构之一，此机构将提议呈交给部长理事会做决定，并监督各成员国根据所制定的条约履行自己的义务。The European Commission is one of the governing organs of the EU. It is the body which puts proposals to the Counci

15、l of Ministers for decision and sees that the members carry out their duties under the treaty. 21. APEC 建立于在澳大利亚首都堪培拉召开的一次部长级会议上。当时有 12 位成员国出席，分别 为澳大利亚，美国，加拿大，日本，韩国，新西兰和东盟六国。APEC was set up at the Ministerial Meeting held in the Australia capital Canberra attended by 12 members of Australia, the Uni

16、ted States, Canada, Japan, Republic of Korea, New Zealand and Six ASEAN countries.22. 为了更好地分享商品，服务，劳动以及其他资源自由流动带来的好处，各国签署了各种协议，促进成员国间的贸易自由化。To better enjoy the benefit of free flow of goods, services, capital, labor and other resources, countries have signed various agreements to liberalize trade am

17、ong them. 23. 欧盟各国经济的成功一体化降低了跨境交易成本，实现了规模经济，欧洲企业也在更激烈的竞争中提高了效率 。The successful integration of European economies eliminated the cost of cross-border transactions, realized better economies of scale and made the European companies more efficient through more intense competition. 24. 除了区域经济一体化，各国还可能建立

18、商品卡特尔控制某种商品的产量和定价来为相关产品寻求更高或更稳定的价格。Besides regional economic integration, countries may form a commodity cartel to control the production, pricing and sale of particular goods so as to seek higher and more stable prices for the relevant goods. LESSON 4 经济全球化ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION25. 经济全球化为世界经济发展提供了新

19、的动力和机会，同时也使各经济体更加相互依赖，相互影响。Economic globalization is giving new impetus and opportunities to world economic development and meanwhile making the various economies more and more interdependent and interactive. 26. 跨国公司是在一个以上的国家拥有、控制和经营资产的商业组织。A multinational enterprise is a business organization that

20、 owns, controls and manages assets in more than one country. 27. 许多人欢呼经济全球化带来的好处、但同时也有强烈的反对声音。While many people are acclaiming the benefits brought about by economic globalization, there are also loud voices of opposition. 28. 跨国公司的内部交换占整个国际贸易的一个很大的比例 。The transfer of the intra-MNE transactions cons

21、titutes a very significant proportion of total international trade. 29. 尽管公司的日常管理工作下放到跨国企业的子公司, 但重要决策，如有关公司目标和新投资等 都由母公司来决定。 Although the day-to-day running of corporate operations may be decentralized to the affiliate MNCs, the major decisions, such as those on corporate goals and new investments a

22、re made by the parent company. 30. 无论人们是否喜欢， 经济全球化已成为世界经济发展中的一个客观趋势。 Like it or not, economic globalization has become an objective trend in world economic development. 31. 经济全球化不仅涉及经济， 而且对政治、 文化、 价值观和生活方式都有重要影响。 Economy is not the only element involved in globalization since it also has an importan

23、t bearing on politics, culture, value and way of life. 32. 如果一家跨国公司是原来的投资公司，它便称为母公司，一般也是这家国际企业组织的总部。 If the MNC is the original investing corporation, it is known as the parent MNC, which is normally also the international headquarters of the MNE. 33. 除了总部以外，跨国企业组织也可能有不同的地区总部和业务总部。An MNE may also ha

24、ve various regional and operational headquarters, in addition to international trade. 34. 一些跨国企业有许多年的历史，它们的收入每年以两位数的速度增长，扣除通货膨胀因素比许 多国家的 GDP 增长还快。Some MNEs have a history of many years and their double digit growth rate of revenue adjusted for inflation is higher than that of the GDP of many countri

25、es. 35. 在当今世界里， 跨国企业是一种可以跨越边界转移资源的非常重要的途径。 our world today, the In multinational enterprises are very important vehicles for the transfer of resources across national boundaries. 36. 技术、资本和现成的市场是跨国企业带给不发达国家的利益。Technology, capital and ready markets are sort of benefits MNEs bring to less developed ho

26、st countries. LESSON 5 国际贸易INTERNATIONAL TRADE ()37. 在复杂的经济世界中，没有一个国家可以完全自给自足。In the complex economic world, no country can be completely self-sufficient. 38. 随着制造业和技术的发展， 出现了另一个刺激贸易的因素， 即国际专门化。 With the development of manufacture and technology, there arose another incentive for trade, i.e. interna

27、tional specialization. 39. 按照比较利益学说， 两个贸易伙伴均可从贸易中得到好处。 According to the theory of comparative advantage, both trade partners can benefit from trade. 40. 比较利益并不是一个静止的概念，一个国家可以通过自己的行动发展某种特定的比较利益。 Comparative advantage is not a static concept. A country may develop a particular comparative advantage th

28、rough its own action. 41. 比较利益理论已成为现代国际贸易思想的基石。idea of comparative advantage has become the The 2 cornerstone of modern thinking on international trade. 42. 绝对利益学说和比较利益学说是国际专门化中的两种理论。Absolute advantage and comparative advantage are two theories of international specialization. LESSON 6 国际贸易INTERNATI

29、ONAL TRADE ()43. 一件商品的成本会因生产规模扩大而减少。The cost of a product will decrease with the expansion of production scale. 44. 在实际中，即使完全的专业化在经济上有利，也可能永远不会发生。In reality, complete specialization may never take place even though it is economically advantageous. 45. 配额或者说数量限制是最常见的关税壁垒。 Quotas or quantitative restr

30、ictions are the most common form of non-tariff barriers. 46. 有形贸易指货物的进出口贸易，而无形贸易涉及的是国家间的劳务交换。The visible trade is the important and export of goods, and the invisible trade is the exchange of services between countries. 47. 国家从事的贸易种类是多样的、复杂的，往往是有形贸易和无形贸易的混合。The kinds of trade nations engage in are v

31、aried and complex, often a mixture of visible and invisible trade. 48. 各国政府经常采取的贸易保护主义措施也是贸易障碍，典型的例子是关税和配额。Protectionist measures which are often taken by governments are also barriers to trade, and typical examples are tariffs and quotas. 49. “自愿”这个说法一般意味着进口国已经威胁在自愿合作不能实现的情况下将实行更大的限 制。 “voluntary”

32、label generally means that the importing country has threatened to impose even The worse restrictions if voluntary cooperation is not forthcoming. 50. 大保险公司为国际贸易提供保险服务，并通过为其他国家的外贸保险而收取费用。Large insurance companies provide service for international trade and earn fees for insuring other nations foreign trade. 51. 许多国家可能有美丽的风景，名胜古迹或只是温和的充满阳光的气候，这些国家吸引着大批旅 游者。Many countries may have beautiful scenery, wonderful attractions, places of historical interest, or merely a mil