届高考英语一轮复习Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars导学案新人教版必修3.docx

1、届高考英语一轮复习Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars导学案新人教版必修3Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the stars写得准用得活积得多1.fundamental adj.基本的；基础的2.astronomy n. 天文学3.crash vi.& vt. 碰撞；坠落4.system n. 系统；体系；制度5.theory n. 学说；理论6.atmosphere n. 大气层；气氛7.thus adv. 因此；于是8.pull n&vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力9.float vi.&vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮n. 漂浮物

2、10.harmful adj.有害的harm n害处 vt.对有害11.violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence n暴力violently adv.猛烈地；激烈地12.puzzle vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 n谜；难题puzzling adj.令人迷惑的puzzled adj.迷惑不解的13.unlike prep.不同；不像like (反义词)prep.像dislike v& n不喜欢14.exist vi.存在；生存existence n存在15.globe n球体；地球仪；地球global adj.全球性的；全世界的16.religion n宗教；宗教信

3、仰religious adj.宗教的用所给词的适当形式填空1.Unlike (like) most people in the office who come to work by car, I usually come to work by bus.2.We live in a global (globe) village, but this doesnt mean that we all behave in the same way.3.Do you believe the existence of ghosts? Perhaps they only exist in the minds

4、of some people.(exist)4.Last night we had a discussion, which became more and more violent. Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use violence whatever happens.(violent)5.There was a puzzled look on the little girls face because a puzzling problem puzzled her.(puzzle)6.Playing computer

5、games will not only do harm to your physical health, but it is also harmful to your mental health.So there is no harm in advising you to give it up.(harm)1.与“太空”有关的高频单词集锦astronomy n 天文学astronaut n. 宇航员gravity n. 万有引力satellite n. 卫星orbit n. 轨道spaceship n. 宇宙飞船universe n. 宇宙launch vt. 发射2.各种“碰撞”聚焦cras

6、h v 碰撞；坠落bump n&v. 撞；碰撞(声)collide v. 碰撞；相撞collision n. 撞击；碰撞run into 撞上knock into 撞上3.un前缀高频形容词全接触unlike 不像的unable 不能的unacceptable 不能接受的unbelievable 不可相信的uncertain 不确定的unclear 不清楚的uncomfortable 不舒服的unfair 不公平的写得准用得活积得多1.in_time及时；终于2.lay_eggs 下蛋3.give_birth_to 产生；分娩4.in_ones_turn 轮到某人；接着5.watch_out_

7、for 密切注意；当心；提防6.cheer_up 感到高兴；感到振奋7.depend_on 依靠；取决于8.break_out 突发；爆发9.prevent_._from 阻止；制止10.block_out 挡住(光线)11.get_the_hang_of 熟悉；掌握；理解12.now_that 既然选用左栏短语填空1.Do remember to watch_out_for cars while crossing the street.2.Cheer_up! You must believe in yourself and you will get success.3.Please tell

8、 me when Mr.Smith is arriving at the train station so that I can pick him up in_time.4.At last the firefighters put out the fire in the supermarket, which broke_out at ten this morning.5.Youve made me suffer in the past, so now you, in_your_turn,_suffer again！1.表达“小心；当心”的高频短语荟萃watch out (for)小心；当心()

9、look out 当心take care 小心be careful 小心2.“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的多种表达(1)阻止某人做某事prevent sb. from doing sth.stop sb. from doing sth.keep sb. from doing sth.(2)禁止某人做某事prohibit sb. from doing sth.ban sb. from doing sth.forbid sb. from doing sth.背原句记句式会仿用1.This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for lif

10、e to develop.这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。句中的it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语to develop。这个女孩懂三门外语，这使她更容易找到一份好工作。The girl knows three foreign languages, which makes_it_easier_for_her_to_find a good job.2.But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉

11、我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。“.倍数as形容词/副词原级as .”是倍数表达法之一，意为“是的多少倍”。杰西卡付出的是以前三倍的时间和精力，所以我相信她这次能成功。Jessica devoted three_times_as_much_time_and_energy_as she did before, so I believe she will succeed this time.3.“Oh, dear，” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”“

12、天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”now that “既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句，有时that可以省略。既然它对我们的好处如此多，为什么不试一试呢？Now_that_it_benefits_us so much, why not have a try？1harmful adj.有害的经典例句Experts point out that fruit juices can be harmful to childrens teeth.(牛津P803)专家指出果汁可能损害儿童的牙齿。Some boys are too crazy about playing game

13、s on the computer, which is very harmful (harm) to their health.有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康非常有害。These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing/doing_serious_harm_to_life and the environment. (2013安徽高考书面表达)这些天，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了严重的破坏。If you want to solve the probl

14、em in this way, there_is_no_harm_in_calling_him.如果你想以这种方式来解决问题，你不妨给他打个电话。2exist vi.存在；生存教材原句They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。(1)exist in 存在于之中exist on 靠为生There exists . 某地有；存在(2)existence n. 存在；生存come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在There_exis

15、ts a generation gap between the young and the old.青年人和老年人之间存在着代沟。You cant imagine what difficulty they have existing on the money hes earning.你无法想象他们靠他挣的那点钱维持生活是多么的困难。Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence (exist)关于一开始宇宙是如何产生的，科学家们有多种观点。名师指津exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，

16、也不用于进行时态。3puzzle vt.使迷惑；使为难 n谜；难题；(游戏的)猜谜教材原句How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。(1)puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索(2)a puzzle to sb. 一件让某人感到困惑的事情(3)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的；困惑的be puzzled about 对迷惑不解The police

17、 are still puzzling about/over how the accident could have happened.警察仍在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。Where the lost boy has gone still remains a puzzle to us.丢失的男孩去了哪儿对我们来说仍是个谜。His last paintings are perhaps the most puzzling,_which even puzzle all the artists.(puzzle)他最后的一批画作也许是最让人困惑的，这些画作甚至使所有的艺术家们都非常困惑。4pull n&v

18、t.拉(力)；拖；牵引力教材原句As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earths gravity.随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。pull down 拆毁；摧毁pull in (车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠pull out 驶出；拉出；拔出pull through 康复；痊愈pull up (使)停住Everyone was very concerned whethe

19、r he would pull_through or not.每个人都很关心他是否能痊愈。The father saw the train his son was on pull_out,_with his eyes full of tears.那位父亲眼含泪水看着载着他儿子的火车驶出站。Whether the buildings in this area should_be_pulled_down has remained controversial; people are still looking for other possible solutions.(2012湖北高考多选)这个地区

20、的建筑物是否需要拆毁还存在争议，人们仍旧在寻找着其他可能的解决方法。.基础点全练1单句语法填空I can say that it is the most violent (violence) film that I have ever seen.The festival of this year has been a great success, unlike (like) the year before when it rained nonstop.The conversation was carried on in a harmonious and friendly atmosphere.

21、As the old saying goes, it is easier to pull down than to build up.Her puzzled (puzzle) look on her face suggested she didnt understand what I said.The driver lost control of the car on the slippery road and crashed into a truck.2句式升级Daddy and I ran quickly towards her and pulled her out.Daddy and I

22、 ran quickly towards her, pulling_her_out. (分词作状语).重难点多练1exist全方位(1)单句语法填空There exists (exist) a good way to solve the existing (exist) problem at present.The old lady became seriously ill last week, and she has only existed on milk ever since. As is known to us, the Republic of China came into exis

23、tence (exist) as an independent country in 1949.(2)高考小作文在我们学校自行车的存放是一个长久以来就存在的问题。(2014北京高考书面表达)The parking place for bikes was_an_existing_problem_for_a_long_time in our school.2harmful面面观(1)用所给词的适当形式填空As we all know, a bad eating habit is harmful (harm) to ones health.As far as Im concerned, there

24、is no harm (harmful) in making an apology to him first.(2)一句多译众所周知，过量喝酒对你的身体有害。What is known to us is that drinking too much is_harmful_to_your_health.What is known to us is that drinking too much does_harm_to_your_health.阅读词汇专练根据语境选出动词multiply的词义1It is possible to multiply these bacteria in the lab

25、oratory._C_2In maths class the children are already learning to multiply and divide._A_3Our problems have multiplied since last year._B_1in time及时；终于；总有一天 高考佳句As a proverb goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Our efforts will pay off in time.(2014山东高考写作)常言道，“有志者事竟成”，我们的努力迟早会有所回报。(1)in no t

26、ime 立刻；马上at no time 决不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装)at a time 每次；一次at one time 曾经；一度at the same time 同时from time to time 有时；偶尔(2)take ones time 别着急；慢慢来kill time 消磨时间We arrived in the summer, just in_time to enjoy the midnight sun.我们在夏天到达，正好能及时享受到午夜的太阳。At_the_same_time,_we are going to bring along about five hundre

27、d books with us for your class.(2015天津高考书面表达)同时，我们将给你们班带去大约500本书。At no time did_they_actually_break the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them. (2013辽宁高考单选)他们实际决没违反比赛规则，惩罚他们是不公平的。2in ones turn轮到某人；接着教材原句Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.于是，他们接着成为

28、了这个行星上最重要的动物。in turn 依次；轮流；反之；相应地by turns 轮流；交替地take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事It is ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事It turns/turned out that . 结果When it is in_my_turn,_I am too excited to speak.当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。I think its_my_turn_to_drive the kids to school this week.我想这周该轮到我开车送孩子们上学了。People try to avoid

29、 public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this in_turn creates more problems.人们使用自己的小汽车避免公共交通延误，反过来，这将造成更多的问题。3cheer up(使)高兴；(使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋教材原句I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.我立刻高兴

30、起来，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月亮越来越大。 (1)cheer sb. up使某人振作起来cheer sb. on (比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油cheer for 为而欢呼(2)Cheers! 口语(用于祝酒)干杯！I do hope she can cheer_up and accept the challenge of life bravely!我真心希望她能振作起来，勇敢地接受生活的挑战！When Im feeling sad, my mother tells me funny stories to_cheer_me_up.当我感到忧伤时，我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事哄我高兴。Lets go to the football game and cheer for our favorite team.咱们去看足球比赛，为我们最喜爱的球队呐喊助威。4But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice_as_far_as on the earth