中考英语知识点总结.docx

1、中考英语知识点总结中考英语知识点总结初一年级（上）【知识梳理】I. 重点短语 1. Sit down2. on duty3. in English4. have a seat5. at home6. look like7. look at8. have a look9. come on10. at work11. at school12. put on13. look after14. get up15. go shopping II. 重要句型 1. help sb. do sth.2. What about?3. Lets do sth.4. Its time to do sth.5. I

2、ts time for 6. Whats?It is/ Its7. Where is?Its.8. How old are you?Im.9. What class are you in?Im in.10. Welcome to.11. Whats plus?Its.12. I think13. Whos this?This is.14. What can you see？ I can see.15. There is (are) .16. What colour is it (are they)?Its (Theyre)17. Whose is this?Its.18. What time

3、is it?Its. III. 交际用语 1. Good morning，Miss/Mr.2. Hello！Hi!3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you，too.4. How are you?Im fine，thank you/thanks. And you?5. See you. See you later.6. Thank you！Youre welcome.7. Goodbye！Bye!8. Whats your name?My name is .9. Here you are. This way，please.10. Whos on duty tod

4、ay?11. Lets do.12. Let me see. IV. 重要语法1. 动词be用法；2. 人称代词和物主代词用法；3. 名词单复数和所有格用法；4. 冠词基本用法；5. There be句型用法。【名师解说】1.in/on 在表达空间位置时，in表达在某个空间范畴以内，on表达在某一种物体表面之上。例如：There is a bird in the tree. 树上有只鸟。There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有张图。2. this/that/these/those(1)this常惯用来指在时间、地点上更接近发言人人和事，these是this复数形式

5、。that常惯用来指在时间、地点上离发言人更远一点人和事，those时that复数形式。例如：You look in this box and Ill look in that one over there.你看看这个盒子，我去看那边那个盒子。I want this car，not that car. 我想要这辆小汽车，不是那一辆。Take these books to his room，please. 请把这些书拿到她房间去。This is mine；thats yours. 这个是我，那个是你。These are apples；those are oranges. 这些是苹果，那些是橘子。

6、(2)在打电话用语中，this经常指是我，that经常指是对方。例如：This is Mary speaking. Whos that?我是玛丽。你是谁？3. There be/ haveThere be 有，其确切含意为某处或某时存在某人或某物。其构造是：There be + 某人或某物 + 表达地点或时间状语。There be 背面名词事实上是主语，be 动词形式要和主语在数上保持一致，be动词背面名词是单数或不可数名词时用is，名词是复数时用are。例如：(1) There is a big bottle of coke on the table. 桌上有一大瓶子可乐。(2) There

7、 is a doll in the box. 那个盒子里有个娃娃。(3) There are many apples on the tree. 那树上有许多苹果。总之，There be构造强调是一种客观存在有。have表达拥有，占有，具备，即：某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.)。主语普通是名词或代词，与主语是所属关系。例如：(4) I have two brothers and one sister.我有两个兄弟，一种姐姐。(5) That house has four rooms.那所房子有四个房间。4. look/ see/ watch (1)look 表达“看、瞧”，着

8、重指认真看，强调看动作，表达故意识地注意看，但不一定看到，以提示对方注意。，如：Look！The children are playing computer games. 瞧！孩子们在玩电脑游戏。Look！Whats that over there?看！那边那个是什么？单独使用是不及物动词，如强调看某人/物，其后接介词at，才干带宾语，如：Hes looking at me。她正在看着我。(2)see强调“看”成果，着重是look这个动作成果，意思是“看到”，see是及物动词，背面能直接跟宾语。如：What can you see in the picture?你能在图上看到什么？Look a

9、t the blackboard. What did you see on it?看黑板！你看到了什么？(3)watch“观看，注视”，侧重于场面，表达全神贯注地观看、观测或注视某事务活动，强调过程，惯用于“看电视、看足球、看表演”等。如：Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天咱们从电视上看了一场足球比赛。4. put on/ / in put on意为“穿上，戴上”。重要指“穿上”这一动作，背面接表达服装、鞋帽名词。in 是介词，表达“穿着”强调状态。在句中可以做定语、标语和状语。如：Its cold outside，put on you

10、r coat. 外面冷，穿上你外衣。He puts on his hat and goes out. 她戴上帽子，走了出去。The woman in a white blouse is Johns mother.穿白色衬衣那个妇女是John妈妈。5. house/ home/familyhouse ：“房子”，指居住建筑物；Home：“家”，指一种人同家人共同经常居住地方；Family： “家庭“，“家庭成员”。例如：Please come to my house this afternoon. 今天下午请到我家来。He is not at home. 她不在家。My family all g

11、et up early. 咱们全家都起得很早。6. fine，nice，good，well四者都可用作形容词表达好之意，但前三者既可作表语又可作定语，而后者仅用作表语。重要区别在于：(1) fine指物时表达是质量上精细，形容人时表达是身体健康，也 可以用来指天气晴朗。例如：Your parents are very fine. 你父母身体很健康。Thats a fine machine.那是一台较好机器Its a fine day for a walk today.今天是散步好时候。(2)nice重要侧重于人或物外表，有美好，美丽意思，也可用于问候或赞扬别人。例如：Lucy looks ni

12、ce. 露西看上去很美丽。These coats are very nice. 那些裙子较好看。Nice to meet you. 见到你很高兴。Its very nice of you. 你真好。(3)good形容人时指品德好，形容物时指质量好，是表达人或物各方面都好普通用语。例如：Her son is a good student. 她儿子是一种好学生。The red car is very good. 那辆红色小汽车较好。(4)well只可用来形容人身体好，但不能作定语，它也能用作副词作状语，多放在所修饰动词之后。例如：Im very well，thanks. 我身体较好，谢谢。My f

13、riends sing well. 我朋友们歌唱得好。【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元重要集中在： 1. 动词be用法；2. 人称代词和物主代词用法；3. 名词单复数和所有格用法；4. 冠词基本用法；5. There be句型用法。6. 本单元学过词汇、短语和句型；7. 本单元学过寻常交际用语。考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空、完毕句子。 【中考范例】1. (北京市中考试题) Mary，please show _ your picture. A. my B. mine C. I D. me【解析】答案：D。该题考查是人称代词和物主代词用法。本题中动词show背面跟双宾语，空白处应填入人称

14、代词宾格me作宾语。2. (上海市徐汇区中考试题) _ orange on the desk is for you，Mike. A. A B.An C. / D. The【解析】答案：D。该题考查是冠词基本用法。由于是特指课桌上那个橘子，因此用定冠词the。3. (哈尔滨市中考试题) -What _ the number of the girls in your class? -About twenty. A. is B. am C. are D. be【解析】答案：A。该题考查是动词be用法和主谓一致。the number作主语，应当是单数第三人称，动词be变为is。4. (陕西省中考试题)

15、 There _ a football match on TV this evening. A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have【解析】答案：B。该题考查是There be句型和动词have用法区别。There be句型自身就表达“在某个地方存在某个人或物”，不能和动词have混在一起用。初一年级（下）【知识梳理】I. 重点短语 1. a bottle of2. a little3. a lot (of)4. all day5. be from6. be over7. come back8. come from9.

16、do ones homework10. do the shopping11. get down12. get home13. get to14. get up15. go shopping16. have a drink of17. have a look18. have breakfast 19. have lunch20. have supper21. listen to22. notat all23. putaway24. take off25. throw it like that26. would like27. in the middle of the day28. in the

17、morning / afternoon/ evening29. on a farm30. in a factory II. 重要句型 1. Let sb. do sth.2. Could sb. do sth.?3. would like sth.4. would like to do sth.5. What about something to eat?6. How do you spell ?7. May I borrow? III. 交际用语 1. Thanks very much!Youre welcome.2. Put it/them away.3. Whats wrong?4. I

18、 think so. I dont think so.5. I want to take some books to the classroom.6. Give me a bottle of orange juice，please.Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK.9. Whats your favourite sport?10. Dont worry.11.Im (not) good at basketball.12. Do you want a go?13. Thats right./ Thats all right./ All right.1

19、4. Do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries?Yes，I do. / No，I dont.15. We / They have some CDs.We / They dont have any CDs.16. -What day is it today / tomorrow?-Its Monday.17. -May I borrow your colour pens，please? -Certainly. Here you are.18. -Where are you from?-From Beijing.19. Whats your telep

20、hone number in New York?20. -Do you like hot dogs?-Yes，I do. ( A little. / A lot. / Very much.)-No，I dont. ( I dont like them at all.)21. -What does your mother like?-She likes dumplings and vegetables very much.22. -When do you go to school every day?-I go to school at 7:00 every day.23. -What time

21、 does he go to bed in the evening?-He goes to bed at 10:00. IV. 重要语法 1.人称代词用法；2. 祈使句；3. 当前进行时构成和用法；4动词have用法；5普通当前时构成和用法；6可数名词和不可数名词构成和用法 【名师解说】1. Thats right./ Thats all right./ All right.Thats right意为“对”，表达赞同对方意见、看法或行为，必定对方答案或判断。例如：I think we must help the old man.我想咱们应当协助这位老人。Thats right.或 Youre

22、right.说得对。Thats all right.意为“不用谢”、“没关系”，用来回答对方道谢或道歉。例如：Many thanks. Thats all right. Sorry. Its broken. Thats all right.All right.意为“行了”、“可以”，表达批准对方建议或规定。有时还可以表达“身体较好”Please tell me about it. 请把此事告诉我。 All right.好吧。Is your mother all right?你妈身体好吗2. make/do这两个词都可以解释为“做”，但含义却不同，不能混用。make指做东西或制东西，do指做一件

23、详细事。Can you make a paper boat for me?你能为我做个纸船吗？Hes doing his homework now.她正在做她作业。3. say/speak/talk/tellsay：是最口语化最普通一种词，意为“说出”、“说道”，着重所说话。如：“I want to go there by bus” ，he said . 她说，“我要坐汽车到那里去。”Please say it in English .请用英语说。speak ：“说话”，着重开口发声，不着重所说内容，普通用作不及物动词 (即背面不能直接接宾语 ) 。如：Can you speak about

24、him?你能不能说说她状况？I dont like to speak like this. 我不喜欢这样说话。speak 作及物动词解时，只能和某种语言等连用，表达在对话中恰当使用词汇能力。如：She speaks English well.她英语说得好。talk ：与 speak 意义相近，也着重说话动作，而不着重所说话，因而，普通也只用作不及物动词， 但是，talk 暗示话是对某人说，有较强对话意味，着重指持续地和别人谈话。如：I would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟她谈那件事。Old women like to talk with childr

25、en.老年妇女喜欢和孩子们交谈。tell ：“告诉”,除较少状况外，普通背面总接双宾语。如：Hes telling me a story.她在给我讲故事。tell a lie 撒谎 tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth 如：.Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.4. do cooking/ do the cookingdo cooking 作“做饭”解，属泛指。do the cooking 特指某一顿饭或某一家人饭。cooking为动名词，不能用作复数，但前面可用 some，much修饰。从do som

26、e cooking可引出许多类似短语：do some washing 洗些衣服do some shopping 买些东西do some reading 读书do some writing 写些东西do some fishing 钓鱼从以上短语可引申出另一类短语，不能用some，much或定冠词。go shopping 去买东西go fishing 去钓鱼go boating 去划船go swimming 去游泳5. like doing sth./ like to do sth.like doing sth. 与like to do sth. 意思相似，但用法有区别。前者强调普通性兴趣或者表达

27、动作习惯性和经常性；日后表达一次性和偶尔性动作。例如：He likes playing football，but he doesnt like to play football with Li Ming.她喜欢踢足球，但是她不喜欢和李明踢。6. other/ others/ the other/ anotherother表别的，别，如：Have you any other questions?你尚有其她问题吗?others 别人，别东西.如：In the room some people are American，the others are French.在屋子里某些人是美国人,其她是法国人

28、。the other表另一种（两者之中）one，the other如：One of my two brothers studies English，the other studies Chinese.我两个哥哥中一种学习英文,另一种学中文。another表三者以上另一种，另某些如：There is room for another few books on the shelf.书架上还可以放点书。7. in the tree/ on the treein the tree 与 on the tree.译成中文均为在树上但英语中有区别。in the tree表达某人、某事（不属于树自身生长出别东

29、西）落在树上，表达树枝、叶、花、果等长在树上时，要使用on the tree.如：There are some apples on the tree. 那棵树上有些苹果。There is a bird in the tree. 那棵树上有只鸟。8. some/ any some和 any既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。但有如下两点需要注意。(1)some惯用于必定句中，any惯用于否定句和疑问句中。如：There is some water in the glass.Is there any water in the glass?There isnt any water in the g

30、lass.(2)在说话者但愿得到必定答复普通疑问句中，或在表达祈求，邀请疑问句中，咱们依然用some。如：Would you like some tea?9. tall/ high (1)说人，动物，树木等有生命东西，重要用tall，不用high，例如 a tall woman 一种高个子妇女a tall horse 一种高大马 (2)说一种不与地面接触人和物高时，要用high，而不用tall，例如人站在桌子上时，飞机飞上天时，例如： He is high up in the tree. 她高高地爬在树上。 The plane is so high in the sky. 飞机在空中这样高。 (3)指建筑物、山时要tall或high都可以，但是high限度比tall高。 (4)high可作副词，tall不能。 (5)tall反义词为short，high反义词为low.10. can/ could(1) can表达体力和脑力方面能力，或依照客观条件能做某种动作能力。例如：Can you ride a bike?你会骑自行车吗?What can I do for you？要帮忙吗？Can you make a cake？你会做蛋糕吗？(2