全国职称英语理工类A级真题及答案解析.docx

1、全国职称英语理工类A级真题及答案解析2011年全国职称英语理工类（A级）真题及答案解析第1部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1.I cant put up with my neighbors noise any longer，itS driving me mad.A.tolerateB.generateC.reduceD.mensure2.Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people livin

2、g alone.A.equalB.immediateC.moderateD.great3.He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school.A.brightB.unclearC.generalD.bad4.I want to provide my boys with a decent education.A.specialB.privateC.generalD.good5.Sleep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people.A.picture

3、B.dangerC.evidenceD.case6.Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil.A.doubtB.reliefC.failureD.confusion7.Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment.A.loveB.surpriseC.angerD.doubt8.Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day.A.energeticB.freeC.physicalD.regular9

4、.I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues.A.boringB.originalC.humorousD.long10.Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth.A.attractB.spendC.encourageD.require11.He demolished my argument in minutes.A.supportedB.disprovedC.disputedD.accepted12.The two banks hav

5、e announced plans to merge next year.A.closeB.sellC.breakD.combine13.Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.A.politeB.usualC.badD.similar14.The project required ten years of diligent research.A.hardworkingB.socialC.basicD.scientific15.He was kept in appalling conditions in prison.A.necessa

6、ryB.terribleC.criticalD.normal第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.California Gives Green Light to Space Solar PowerEnergy beamed down from space is one step closer to reality，now that California has given the green light to

7、 an agreement that would see the Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatt （兆瓦）of power beamed down from solar-power satellites beginning in 2016.But some major chal lenges will have to be overcomed if the technology is to be used widely.A start-up company called Solaren is designing the sat

8、ellites，which it says will use radio waves to beam energy down to a receiving station on Earth.The attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterrupted sunshine available in eosynchronous（与地球同步的）orbit.Earth-based solar cells，by contrast，can only collect sun.Light during daytime

9、and when skies are clear.But space-based solar power must grapple（努力克服）with the high cost per kilogram of launching things into space，says Richard Schwartz of Purdue University in West Lafayette，Indiana， If youre talking about it being economically viable or power of the Earth，its a tough go.he says

10、.Cal Boerman，Solarens director of energy services，says the company designed its satellites with a view to keeping launch costs down.We knew we had to come up with a different，revolu-tionary design，he says.A patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the systemSweight，including using inflata

11、ble minors to focus sunlight on solar cells，so a smaller number cancollect the same amount of energy.But using minors introduces other chaHenges，including keeping the solar cells from overhea-ting，says Schwartz.You have to take care of heat dissipation（散发）because youre now concen-trating a lot of en

12、ergy in one place，he says.According to the companys patent，Solarens solarcells will be connected to radiators to help keep them cool.Though Boerman says the company believes it can make space-based solar power work，it is notexpecting to crowd out other forms of renewable energy.Laws in California an

13、d other states requireincreasing use of renewable energy in coming years，he points out.To meet those needs，were go-ing to need all types of renewable energy sources，he says.16.Solar-power satellites will use radio waves to beam energy down from space.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned17.Solaren is going

14、to design 200 solar-power satellites.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned18.Space-based solar cells could collect solar power only when skies are clear.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned19.One advantage of space-based solar power system is that it is economical.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned20.Inflatable minors

15、are used to reduce the space-based solar power system.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned21.Space-based solar power will rule out other forms of renewable energy sources.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned22.Many countries will grant permission for the use of spaced-based solar power soon.A.RightB.WrongC.Not me

16、ntioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。Natural Gas1 Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earths surface.It is a fossil fuel（矿物质燃料），meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the ea

17、rth millions of yearsago.The main component of natural gas is methane（甲烷）。2 The popularity and use of clean natural gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as pipeline infrastructure（基础设施）has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential，commerci

18、al and industrial customers worldwide.Today，natural gas serviceis available in all 50 states in the U.S.，and is the leading energy choice for fueling Americanhomes and idustries.More than 65 million American homes use natural gas.In fact，natural gas isthe most economical source for home energy needs

19、，costing one-third as much as electricity.In addi-tion to heating homes，much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manu-facture a wide variety of products，from paint，to fibers for clothing，to plastics for heahhcare，con-puting and furnishings.Natural gas is also used in a

20、significant number of new electricity-generating power plants.3 Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available.It emits less pollution than oth-er fossil fuel sources.When natural gas is burned，it produces mostly carbon dioxide（二氧化碳） and water vapor-the same substances emitted when hu

21、mans exhale.Compared with some other fos-sil fuels，natural gas emits the least amount of carbon dioxide into the air when combusted（燃烧）， making natural gas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of a11.4 The United States consumes about one-third of the worldS natural gas output，making it the largest gas-

22、consuming region in the world.The U.S.Department of EnergyS Energy Information Ad-ministration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025.5 There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earths surface.The largest reserves of natural gas can be found in Russia，We

23、st and North Africa and the Middle East.LNG（液化天然气）has been produced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decades.Today，the leading importes of LNG are Japan，Korea，France and Spain.23.Paragraph 2_.24.Paragraph 3_.25.Paragraph 4_.26.Paragraph 5_.A.Popularity and use of nat

24、ural gasB.Natural gas reserves and supplyC.Natural gas pricesD.Clean fuel of choiceE.Disadvantages of natural gasF.Natural gas consumption27.Natural gas is stored deep_.28.Natural gas is recognized as the most economical energy source_.29.When manufacturing many products，people commonly use natural

25、gas_.30.It is estimated that by 2025 that natural gas demand in the United States will increase_.A.over the past 50 yearsB.beneath the earth surfaceC.by more than 50 percentD.for more than four decadesE.as a raw materialF.for home energy needs第4部分：阅读理解（第3l45题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确

26、定1个最佳选项。第一篇How the First Stars in the Universe Came into ExistenceHow the first stars formed from this dust and gas has been a burning question for years，but a state-of-the-art computer simulation now offers the most detailed picture yet of how these first stars in the universe came into existence，r

27、esearchers say.The composition of the early universe was quite different from that of today，and the physics that governed the early universe were also somewhat simpler.Dr.Naoki Yoshida and colleagues in Japan and the U.S.incorporated these conditions of the early universe，sometimes referred to as th

28、e cosmic dark ages，to simulate the formation of an astronomical object that would eventually shine its light into this darkness.The result is a detailed description of the formation of a protostar-the early stage of a massive primordial star of our universe，and the researcherscomputer simulation，whi

29、ch has been called a cosmic Rosetta Stone.sets the bar for further investigation into the star formation process.The question of how the first stars evolved is so important because their formations and eventual explo-sions provided the seeds for subsequent stars to come into being.According to their

30、 simulation，gravity acted on minute density variations in matter，gases，and the mysteriousdark matterof the universe after the Big Bang in order to form this early stage of a star-a protostar with a mass of just one percent of our sun.The simulation reveals how pre-stellar gases would have actually evolved under the simpler physics of the early universe to form this protostar.Dr.Yoshidas simulation also shows that the protostar would likely evolve into a massive star capableof synthesizing heavy elements，not just in later generations of stars，but soon after the B