1、谈谈虚拟条件从句的省略与倒装谈谈虚拟条件从句的省略与倒装谈谈虚拟条件从句的省略与倒装当虚拟条件句的谓语部分含有were, should, had时,我们可以将连词if省略掉,而将were, should, had置于句首。如:If she were in charge, she would do things differently.=Were she in charge, she would do things differently.如果是她负责,她会是另一种做法。If you should change your mind, no one would blame you.=Should
2、you change your mind, no one would blame you.万一你改变主意,谁也不会怨你。If the management had acted sooner, the strike wouldnt have happened.= Had the management acted sooner, the strike wouldnt have happened.如果资方早些采取行动,就不会发生罢工了。几点说明:1.对于条件从句含有should而主句使用陈述语气或祈使语气的句子也可以采用以上方法进行省略和倒装。如:If I should be free tomorr
3、ow, I will come. = Should I be free tomorrow, I will come.如果明天我有空我就来。If they should attack us, well wipe them out completely.=Should they attack us, well wipe them out completely.假如他们进攻我们,我们就把他们彻底消灭干净。有时被提到句首的had不是助动词,而是表示“有”的实义动词。如:Had I the time, I would go.如有时间我就去。2.如果条件从句为否定式,注意要将not置于主语之后,而不置于主
4、语之前。如:若非你的帮助,我仍会无家可归。误:Werent it for your help, I would still be homeless.正:Were it not for your help, I would still be homeless.要不是我亲眼所见,我都不会相信了。误:Hadnt I seen it with my own eyes, I would not have believed it.正:Had I not seen it with my own eyes, I would not have believed it.3.在这类倒装结构中,置于句首的were习惯
5、上不能用was代替。如:如果我是在你的立场,我不愿意做那件事。If I were in your place, I wouldnt do that.Were I in your place, I wouldnt do that.表推测的情态动词用法小结英语中有不少情态动词都可以表示推测,其语气有强有弱,表示的可能性有大有小,现将它们的用法归纳如下:1.接近100%的可能这当然只有must才具有这么高的可能性,它的意思是“一定”“肯定”,所作出的推测几乎接近事实。如:That hat must be Toms.那帽子一定是汤姆的。He must be coming by bus.他一定是乘公共汽
6、车来。2.很有可能表示可能性较大的情态动词主要有may, should, ought to,它们大致相当于汉语的“可能”“应该”“按理会”。如:She should ought to be here soon.她应该很快就到。We may be buying a new house.我们可能要买一座新房子。3.一般性的可能在所有表示推测的情态动词中,might和could所表示的可能性最小,由于它们的语气较委婉,较不确定,所以往往相当于汉语的“可能”“也许”“说不定”等。如:He might be waiting for you.他可能在等你。She might not like the id
7、ea.她或许会不赞成这个想法。We could all be millionaires one day.我们有一天可能都成为百万富翁。4.理论上的可能性表示理论上的可能通常是用can,且可以用于肯定句中。如:Food poisoning can cause death.食物中毒可导致死亡。This kind of thing can happen every now and then.这种事情是随时可能发生的。New Englandcan be very hot in September.新英格兰有时9月份很热。所谓理论上的可能性,就是指仅从理论上去考虑其可能性,至于实际情况如何,则不作考虑,
8、比如说“食物中毒可导致死亡”,这只是理论上的一种推断,至于某人某次食物中毒了,他是否会死亡,则不在考虑之列,所以说,这种推测是非常“宏观”的!5.表示对过去情况作推测如果表示对已经发生的情况作推测,不能用“情态动词+动词原形”,也不能用“情态动词的过去式+动词原形”,而是要使用“情态动词+动词完成式”。如:He could have gone off with some friends.他可能跟几个朋友出去了。Mathews may have written that letter.这封信可能是麦修斯写的。I must have mistaken what you meant.我一定误会了你的
9、意思。情态动词may和might的推测用法一、基本用法说明may和might均可表示推测,两者没有时态上的区别,只是用might比用may语气更不确定,表示的可能性更小。从句型使用方面看,may和might均可用于肯定句和否定句,但用于疑问句时,may通常不用于句首,但可用于疑问句的句中(如特殊疑问句等),而might尽管可以用于疑问句的句首,但不算普通,通常会改用其他句式(如用could等)。二、对现在或将来的推测当may和might表示对现在或将来情况作推测时,其后接动词原形。如:She may might know his address.她可能知道他的地址。What may might
10、 be the result of the new tax?征收新税可能产生什么结果?有时也可后接动词的进行式,表示动作正在进行。如:She may might be waiting for you.她可能在等你。He may might be writing a letter.他可能在写信。正如有时可以用进行时态表示将来意义一样,may / might后接动词的进行式有时也可表示将来意义。如:We may be buying a new house.我们可能要买一座新房子。If I hear from Tim I may be leaving tonight.如果我从蒂姆那儿得到消息,我可能
11、今晚就离去。三、对过去的推测表示对已经发生的情况进行推测,用may和might都可以,但其后必须接动词的完成式,即用于“may / might+have+过去分词”这样的形式。如:She may have missed her train.她可能误火车了。Mathews may have written that letter.这封信可能是麦修斯写的。“might+动词完成式”除表示对已发生情况的推测外,还有以下用法(此时均不能用may):1.表示未曾实现的可能性:即过去本来可能发生而实际上没有发生的情况,通常译为“本来可以”“本来可能”等。如:Why did you do that? You
12、 might have killed yourself.你干吗那样干?你会丧命的。He stopped trying, when he might have succeeded next time.他不再试了,其实他可能下一次就成功。有时也可根据语境译为“好在没有”“差点”,尤其是当谈论的是“不好”的情况时。如:It was really very dangerous. You might have injured him.真是很悬,你差点把他打伤了。It was really very dangerous. I might have killed myself.那真的是太危险了,我差点没命了
13、。2.表示批评或责备:即表示过去本来有责任或义务应该做某事的,但实际上却没有做成,含有批评和责备的意味,通常译为“本来应该”“本来可以”“就好了”等。如:You might have told us half an hour ago.你半个钟头前告诉我们就好了。You might have phoned to let us know where you were.你应该打个电话让我们知道你在哪。3.表示报怨或不满:表示对所谈论的情况不满或有抱怨,主要用于guess, know, suspect等动词。如:I might have guessed hed fail to read the ins
14、tructions.我早就知道他不会看说明书的。I might have known you would take that attitude.我就知道你会是那样的态度。4.用于虚拟语气:在虚拟条件句中,当谈论过去的情况时,其句型通常是:主句用“could / would / should /might +have+过去分词”,从句用过去完成时。如:If the weather hadnt been so bad, we might have gone out.如果天气不是那么坏,我们可能都出去了。If we had found him earlier we might have saved
15、his life.要是我们那时早点找到他的话,我们可能会把他救活的。四、关于it may be that结构相当于It is possible that或possibly / perhaps。如:It may be that well find him at the hotel.也许我们会在旅馆里找到他。Ask him again. It may be that hell change his mind.再请他一次,也许他会改变主意。五、连用well和as well1.may well:主要用于加强推测的语气,表示具有较大的可能性。如:He may well refuse.他很可能会拒绝。It
16、 may well be true.那很可能是真的。其中的may也可换成might,但语气更不确定。如:We might well get injured.我们很可能受伤。2.may as well:其意为“不妨”“还是为好”等。如:You may as well ask him.你不妨问问他。Its not very far, so we may as well go on foot.那地方不太远,所以我们还是走着去吧。其中的may也可换成might,但语气更不确定。如:You might as well stay with us.你不妨和我们一道住。另外,有时还可在as well前加上一个副词just。如:This holiday isnt much fun. We might just as well be back home.这个假日过得很乏味,还不如回家去。
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