俄罗斯纸浆厂信息.docx

1、俄罗斯纸浆厂信息森林工业俄罗斯是世界森林工业大国，森林资源极为丰富。森林工业主要包括森林采伐、木材加工和制浆造纸。森林采伐工业主要集中在俄罗斯欧洲部分。近年来，加快了西伯利亚及远东地区森林采伐工业的发展。由于俄罗斯82的森林分布在交通不够发达的亚洲地区，因此森林年增长量大于年采伐量，两者比例为2：1。木材加工工业分布在林区附近和运送木材方便的大河河口、河流和铁路干线的交会处、海港等地，如北德维纳河河口的阿尔汉格尔斯克，伏尔加河上的伏尔加格勒与萨马拉，叶尼塞河上的伊加尔卡，西伯利亚铁路干线上的新西伯利亚（）、克拉斯诺亚尔斯克（）、伊尔库茨克()和符拉迪沃斯托克（海参威，）等。1995年俄罗斯的纸

2、浆产量占全世界的4，纸张和纸板的产量占全世界的3。主要的制浆造纸工业中心有阿尔汉格尔斯克、索利卡姆斯克等。西伯利亚和远东的多林地区建有大型制浆造纸联合工厂。布拉茨克（）、叶尼塞斯克（）和阿穆尔斯克（）等地建有森林工业综合企业，对木材进行综合利用。20世纪80年代俄罗斯的木材采伐量和锯材产量曾居世界第一位。苏联解体后，由于采伐机械大量磨损、道路建筑缓慢、贷款资金不到位，俄罗斯的森林工业急剧滑坡。1995年俄罗斯的锯材、胶合板、纸浆出口总金额占世界第六位。东西伯利亚经济区是俄罗斯重要的森林工业基地，以森林采伐和锯木制材为主。木材采伐量占全俄的27%，仅次于欧洲北部经济区和乌拉尔经济区。木材加工业分

3、布在布拉茨克、列索西比尔斯克（）和克拉斯诺亚尔斯克。纸浆产量占全俄的25，纸张占3%。俄罗斯纸业产业内主要企业如阿尔汉格尔斯克投资造纸联合企业，伊利姆河企业公司、伏尔加开放型股份公司、孔多波加开放型股份公司、蒙迪商用纸品公司瑟克特夫卡乐森工产业群、斯韦托尔斯克纸浆造纸联合企业等。加入伊利姆河企业公司的科特拉斯制浆造纸联合企业和布拉茨克制浆造纸联合企业、彼尔姆纸板开放型股份公司、卡马河畔切尔内纸板纸张联合企业和加入大陆管理公司的叶尼塞斯克纸浆造纸联合企业。俄罗斯较大的纸业公司 在俄罗斯，较大的纸业公司有以下几家：IlimPulp、Volga、Kondupoga、Argangel、skIntern

4、ationaPaperSvetogogorsk、Solikamsk和Segezha，其中，IlimPulp是一家控股公司，它持有Kotlas、Bratsk和圣彼得堡造纸厂的大部分股份。Svetogogorsk、Archangelsk、Sgktyvkarand和圣彼得堡造纸厂都有相当的外资参与。而Volga(Herlitz)和Segezha(AssiDoman)公司中的外资经营就没有上述几个公司那么成功。目前的几家大公司都是于70年代及其以后成立的，他们均拥有高质量出口产品的生产设备，产品出口是他们业务中利润最丰厚的部分。亚洲对俄罗斯的木材与纸浆需求极旺，尤其是中国、日本和韩国。在Svetogo

5、gorsk、Syktyvkar、Solikamsk、Kotlas、Arkangelsk及Kondupoga等企业进行的主要是高质量设备的投资，投资利润在30水平上。Tchouiko先生认为，现在的金融体制无法快速有效地激发新的造纸能力。只要对市场需求作一个预测就能知道目前投资力度远远不够，而高水平的投资就需要与政府签订融资协议(政府担保或像中国似的软性贷款)，同时也需要政府出台一些更加系统化的规定。目前，由于全球市场的价格走低，俄罗斯的投资也有所减弱，而一半左右的实际投资又正面临着处理环境问题。俄罗斯制浆造纸协会一直致力于改善造纸业的立法与行政管理环境。当前的中心工作是完成一部新森林立法，从而

6、使公司可通过与政府协商获得森林特许使用权。另外一些重要目标是免除高新技术资产设备的进口关税；有策略地为大型林木业投资安排利息补贴；在基础林业确保政府投资；对高附加值的纸产品的出口减免出口税；对于大型纸业投资头3年实行优惠税收政策等等。Tchouiko先生认为，在将来，造纸业与能源业一起将会成为俄罗斯的主要经济增长点之一。在2010年，俄罗斯将会生产出800万吨的纸浆与纸品(目前是560万吨)，而300万吨的纸浆将会销售到国外(目前是220万吨)。当前有意发展的方向是高质量的纸品和高档次的纸板，现有这些产品都有赖于进口，进口额达到：高档印刷书写纸10万吨，铜版纸14万吨。位于欧洲大陆这一边的一些

7、俄罗斯当地政府都在计划寻求无论是国内还是国外的林木业投资者。比如Komi州(邻近Syktyvkar)就计划建一个年产量为2030万吨附加值高的高档产品的综合生产线，另一家在Neja河边Kostroma就有计划建一家年产量为40万吨的铜版纸印刷书写纸的综合生产线。俄罗斯的优势在于该国家拥有丰富的林木原材料，有足够的化工原料供应，有丰富的水资源与能源，还有大量的造纸专家。Tchouiko先生认为，以前在俄罗斯的国外投资发展情况并不反映当前的俄罗斯形势。从一开始，国外投资情况就一直在改善，并越来越安全。现有的国外入股都是有丰厚回报的。百分之百外资所有的Svetogorsk厂就一直经营得十分顺利。在俄

8、罗斯有句老话：“路是人走出来的”，造纸业也是如此。Tchouiko先生最后说：俄罗斯政府、各地政府、造纸协会都将努力帮助所有有意来俄投资的各国造纸业公司，与他们一同寻求多种最佳投资途径，并为他们的发展创造更加优越的条件。一、OJSC（股份公司）Arkhangelsk Pulp and Paper Mill(阿尔汉格尔斯克纸浆和造纸)成立于1940年， 漂白硫酸盐浆（或牛皮纸浆）包括阔叶和针叶木浆 ECFArkhangelsk Arkhangelsk Pulp and Paper Mill (Arkhbum) is located in Novodvinsk on the shore of th

9、e White Sea. The company has annual sales exceeding US$300 million. Its annual production of 700,000 tonnes of pulp accounts for 12% of Russian production. Its share in the Russian production of container board is over 36%. Arkhbum also produces wood fibre boards, paper and fair-paper products. A la

10、rge part of production is exported to Germany, the UK, France, the Netherlands, Spain, Italy, Poland and South Korea.In 1996 the company was on the verge of bankruptcy. It was taken over by the Titan Group from Russia, the paper trading firms Wilfried Heinzel from Austria (which now holds 13% of the

11、 shares) and Conrad Jacobson from Germany, and another foreign investor. The management was replaced, and large investments were made in modernisation of production. In 1999, Arkhbum realised a profit of US$40 million, and it is planning to increase output of all its products.In July 2000, Arkhbum o

12、btained a US$9 million 1-year loan from International Moscow Bank (Russia) and Bank Austria Creditanstalt, a subsidiary of Bayerische Hypo und Vereinsbank (Germany). The proceeds of the loan were used to finance the import of corrugated cardboard packaging equipment.In August 2000, Arkhbum obtained

13、a further US$4 million loan from Erste Bank (Austria) to reconstruct an unbleached pulp fibre line. The machinery is supplied by the Austrian company Lenzing Technik.ITis one of the largest consumer of pulp wood in Russian European North, as far as a big timber product exporter to European market. T

14、he site is more or less developed but some pages look brief and news look not updated too often. There is information available about the mill, its products, news. And even pages on environmental and social issues.产品标准如下：Bleached hardwood kraft pulpGOST 2817289 LS 0 (highest class) Freeness 60gr. SR

15、 (Shopper-Riegler)Breaking length,km, not less7,5Absolute tearing strength, (), not less47Folding strength, number of double folds, not less300Brightness, %, not less89Dirt count, pieces of specks per 1 m20,11,00 mm2, not more301,02,00 mm2, not more1pH5,07,0Moisture content, %, not more20LS-0 (first

16、 grade) Freeness 60gr. SR (Shopper-Riegler)Breaking length, km, not less6,8Absolute tearing strength, (), not less47Folding strength, not more than (number of double folds)300Brightness, %, not more than89Dirt count, pieces of specks 1 m20,11,00 mm2, not more341,02,00 mm2, not more2pH5,07,0Moisture

17、content, %, not more20LS-1 (highest grade) Freeness 60gr. SR (Shopper-Riegler)Breaking strength, km, not less8,0Absolute tearing strength, (), not less44Folding strength, not less300Brightness, %, not less87Dirt count 1 m2, max0,11,00 mm2, not more451,02,00 mm2, not more2pH5,07,0Moisture, %, not mor

18、e20LS-1 (first grade) Freeness 60gr. SR (Shopper-Riegler)Breaking length, km, not less7,1Absolute tearing strength, (), not less44Folding strength, a number of double folds, not less300Brightness, %, not less87Dirt count 1 m20,1 to 1,00 mm2, not more 501,0 to 2,00 mm2, not more 3pH 5,07,0Moisture, %

19、, not more 20Bleached softwood kraft pulpGOST 9571-89 HB-2 Freeness 60 gr. SR (Shopper-Riegler)Breaking length, km, not less7,8Folding strength, not less800Brightness, %, not less86Dirt count pieces of specks per 1 m20,11,00 mm2, not more701,02,00 mm2, not more2pH5,57,0Moisture content, %, not more2

20、0HB-4 Freeness 60 gr. SR (Shopper-Riegler)Breaking length, km, not less7,4Folding strength, number of double folds, not less700Brightness, %, not less87Dirt count pieces of specks 1 m20,11,00 mm2, not more601,02,00 mm2, not more2pH5,57,0Moisture content, %, not more20HB-5 Freeness 60 gr. SR (Shopper

21、-Riegler)Breaking length, km, not less8,5Folding strength, number of double folds, not less1000Brightness, %, not less82Dirt count pieces of specks per 1 m20,11,00 mm2, not more901,02,00 mm2, not more2pH5,57,0Moisture content, %, not more20unbleached sulphate pulp and neutral-sulfite semipulp，生产瓦楞纸和

22、瓦楞纸板（fluting paper and corrugated board）阿尔汉格尔斯克是苏联西北部港市二、ilim pulp enterprise俄罗斯最大的森工企业。林业、木材加工和纸浆等。produces over 65%ofall Russian market pulp. Ilim Pulp 包括 Kotlas Bratsk Ust-Ilimsk St.Petersburg电话 (812) 718-60-50 传真 (812) 718-60-06EMAIL 网址 headquartered inSt.Petersburgbusiness assets located inthe

23、Leningrad, Arkhangelsk and Irkutsk（伊尔库茨克） Oblasts（州）漂白硫酸盐浆（或牛皮纸浆）包括阔叶和针叶木浆、未漂白硫酸盐针叶木浆其Koryazhma 分公司就是以前的Kotlas（卡特拉斯）制浆造纸厂Ilim Pulp Group is currently one of the largest Russian forest company, which includes such big mills like Kotlas Pulp and Paper Mill (one of three largest in Arkhangelsk region,

24、Russian European North) and Bratsk Pulp and Paper Mill (one of the largest in Siberia) in Irkutsk region. Rather detialed information on the company, products and some other useful stuff. However, the site, at least its English part, looks to be still under construction and some sections are still b

25、lank. So is particularly the Environmental Policy one. 伊利姆集团是俄罗斯最大、世界排名前十的制浆造纸企业，下辖布拉茨克、乌斯奇、阔特拉斯三个生产厂，总产量达230万吨，中国市场上90%以上的俄罗斯纸浆来自伊利姆，目前，该公司对中国市场的年销量持续保持在近百万吨的水平。三都纸业集团主营俄罗斯浆纸产品，年进口量超过30万吨。 三、SOLOMBALA OJSC Solombala Pulp-and-Paper Mill 索拉巴拉牌或所罗门牌本色木浆 四、Baikalsk Pulp and Paper Mill（BPPM）贝本牌木浆 Baikal

26、sk 贝加尔斯克Baikalsk The Baikalsk Pulp and Paper Mill was built on the shores of the Lake Baikal in Siberia in the 1960s as a military factory. The plant has been criticised heavily because its waste water is polluting Lake Baikal. Despite the mills treatment facility, environmentalists estimate that it

27、 dumps 135 kg of dioxin a year into the lake. This is threatening all 1500 species of animals and plants in the lake, including the unique nerpa (freshwater seals).The mill is nearing the end of its life span, but its managers and the 3000 workers are eager to keep the mill open. Paid by the US Agen

28、cy for International Development, a plan has been drawn up to switch to a non-chlorine manufacturing process, eliminating dioxin, waste water and the burning of coal. This project would cost US$ 600 million (see also page 5).In December 2000, the governor of the Irkutsk region discussed, with repres

29、entatives of the Japanese trading firm Marubeni, Japanese investments in the Baikalsk Pulp and Paper Mill.The Baikal Pulp and Paper mill in Baikalsk has had a troubled history. Since it started operations in 1966 it has polluted Lake Baikal. It was one of the few targets of environmental protests du

30、ring the Soviet Union period. Before the mill was built, scientists from the Irkutsk State Universitys Scientific Institute of Biology spoke out against Nikita Khrushchevs plans to build a pulp and paper mill on the shore of Lake Baikal. Marina Rikhvanova, a founder of the NGO Baikal Ecological Wave

31、 and the 2008 winner of the Goldman Prize, is among those fighting to close down the mill.五、OAO SVETOGORSK (ST.-PETERSBURG PULP AND PAPER PLANT) 斯韦托戈尔斯克 斯维塔戈尔斯克The Svetogorsk Pulp and Paper Mill is an integrated pulp and paper mill, located 200 km north-west of St Petersburg, close to the Finnish border. It was acquired in January 1995 by the Swedish company Tetra Laval, which invested US$127 million in the plant in the 3 years it owned it but never realised a pr