大一英语第一册Unit4LanguagePoints.docx

1、大一英语第一册Unit4LanguagePointsUnit Seven Language Points and Structures 1) intelligence: n. ability to learn and understand智能,智慧,智力,理解力 eg -Do computers have any intelligence? -Dont act like such an idiot - use your intelligence. 不要象白痴一样,用用你的智慧。intelligent: adj. able to learn and understand 聪明的,有才智的 eg

2、-An intelligent computer is able to adjust to changes in the situations it is programmed (编写程序) to deal with.智能电脑在编程使其应付一些情况的范围里能调节一些变化。 -Within a few years an intelligent computer will certainly be an important tool for doctors. 短短几年智能电脑就必将成为医生们的重要工具。 -Even if you are intelligent, you cant be an ex

3、cellent student without working hard. 即便你很聪明,你不努力也成不了一名优秀生。 2)controversy: n. a lot of discussion and argument about sth. often involving strong feelings of anger or disapproval (followed by over or about) 争议;争论;辩论 eg -There used to be a long controversy over whether the book should be published or

4、not. 曾经为是否该出版此书引起过长期的争论。 -A new controversy arose regarding the politicians finances. 这个政客的经济问题引起了新的争议。-The new government appointments have caused much controversy. 政府的新任命引起了许多争议。 3)surround: vt. be or go all around (sth. or sb.) 围绕 eg -In spite of the financial problems surrounding them, they stil

5、l went ahead with the experiment. 不管经济问题捆扰着他们,他们仍然继续实验。 -The village was surrounded by desert. So the villagers had to abandon it and move to other areas. 村庄周围是荒漠,于是村民们只好放弃而搬到其他地区。 -The shell surrounding the egg has many important functions. 鸡蛋的外壳有许多功效。 1.Wondering whether there might be better ways

6、 to explore animal intelligence than experiments designed to teach human signs, I realized what now seems obvious: if animals can think they will probably do their best thinking when it serves their own purposes, not when scientists ask them to. 在考虑是否有比设计一些实验教会动物人类手势语更好的方式探索动物智能时,我悟出了现在看来是显而易见的道理,即假

7、如动物能思维,那他们可能会在为达到自己的目的时作出最佳思维,而不是在科学家们让它们思维时才作出最佳思维的。 4)explore: vt. 1) examine thoroughly, learn about 探究,探索 eg -The engineers have already explored the possibility of building a bridge over the river. 工程师们已探索过在这条河上建桥的可能性。 -The repairman explored my car and said he would fix it tomorrow. 修理工探查了我的车,

8、说他明天把它修好。 -Psychotherapists explore peoples past in order to help them understand their present feelings and behavior. 心理疗法专家探究病人的过去以帮助他们了解病人现在的心理和行为。 2)travel over (a region, area, etc.) for the purpose of discovery 勘探,勘查 eg -Both adults and children find it exciting to explore space. -The man will

9、 explore the Sahara desert on foot. 这人将徒步勘探撒哈拉沙漠。 -A big program under discussion is to explore the oil offshore to solve oil shortage in their country. 一个正在讨论中的大规模计划是勘探近海石油以解决他们国家的石油短缺问题。 3)obvious: adj. easy to see and understand; clear 明显的;显而易见的 eg -It must be obvious to everyone that hes lying.

10、大家知道他在说谎,这是显而易见的。 -It was obvious that the Chinese womens volleyball team would defeat the American womens team and 1 win the world champion. 显然中国女排会击败美国队而获世界冠军。 -It is obvious that he is wrong. 2.Most do not study animal intelligence, but they encounter it, and the lack of it, every day. (L. 9): Al

11、though most of them are not animal-intelligence researchers, they see animals behave either with intelligence or without intelligence every day. 他们大多都不研究动物智能,但他们每天都碰到动物有智能和没有智能的情况。 6) encounter: vt. (fml) meet, esp. unexpectedly 遇到,遭遇 eg -On the train I encountered an old lady who happened to be a n

12、eighbor of my daughters when she lived in Los Angeles. -She encountered an old friend on the street. -Before they had gone very far, they encountered a young man selling oranges. 他们还没走远就碰到了一个卖橘子的年轻人。 7)reveal: vt. make (sth.) known 透露;展示,揭露 eg -The details of the new policy for medical insurance hav

13、e been revealed. 医疗保险的新政策细节已经被透露了。 -His research in cloning Dolly revealed some very important facts. 他克隆多利羊的研究揭示了一些非常重要的事实。 -A survey of the Chinese diet has revealed that a growing number of children in cities are overweight. 对中国饮食的调查揭示了中国的儿童体重不断增加这一事实。 8)convince: vt. make (sb) feel sure by the u

14、se of argument or evidence 使确信,使信服 eg -It took her mother a whole day to convince her that the surgery wouldnt do her any harm. 她母亲化了整整一天才说服她相信外科医生是不会伤害她的。 -His parents managed to convince him that teaching was the most suitable profession for him. 他父母设法使他信服教书是最适合他的工作。 -We finally convinced the poli

15、ce of our innocence. 我们最终使警方相信我们是无辜的。 搭配 convince sb. of sth. convince sb. that be convinced of sth. / that: feel certain that sth. is true. eg -The police finally were convinced of our innocence. 9)dominant: adj. ruling; stronger, more powerful, or more noticeable than other people or things 支配的;统治

16、的;占优势的 eg -Charlie Chaplin was a dominant figure in the American film industry. 卓别林曾是统领美国影视业的人物。 -The dominant powers took control of the conference. 一些头面权势控制了会议。 10)make a deal: reach an agreement or arrangement, esp, in business or politics 成交 eg -Mr. Collins said to John, Im willing to make a dea

17、l with you -Ill let you live in my house and youll cook for me.柯林斯对约翰说,“很愿意与你达成交易我让你住我屋里,你就为我做饭。”-Ill make a deal with you - you wash the car and Ill let you use it tonight. -The car company has made a deal with a Japanese firm, which will supply engines in exchange for brakes 汽车公司与日本公司达成了一笔交易,提供发动机

18、以换取刹车。 3.only to be met with a blank stare(L. 14): 得到的反应却是个白眼。 only to do (sth.) is often used to indicate that sb. did sth. with a disappointing or surprising result, meaning in Chinese“却不料,岂料”. Here the infinitive to functions as result adverbial. eg -He hurried to the station only to find the tra

19、in gone. 他匆匆赶到车站却不料火车已开走。 -I tried to please her only to meet with her straight face. 我尽量取悦于她,岂料她却板着个脸。 -Mary went to Janes wedding party only to find that the groom was her ex-husband. 玛丽去参加简的婚礼,却不料新郎竟是她的前夫。 11)negotiate: v. discuss in order to come to an agreement 谈判,协商 eg -We will negotiate for a

20、 pay increase of 3.5%. 我们为增长3.5% 工资而谈判。 -The government refused to negotiate with terrorists. 政府拒绝与恐怖分子谈判。 -There were reports that three companies were negotiating to share the market. 据报道三家公司正在协商共用那个市场。 搭配 negotiate for sth. / negotiate to do sth, / negotiate with sb. 3.At this point, while mainta

21、ining eye contact, Colo opened her hand and showed a key chain.(L.18): This time while looking at Jendry Colo opened her hand and offer Jendry a key chain. 这时,科洛一边望着延德里一边摊开了手露出了一个钥匙链。 at this point: 此刻;此地 eg -At this point, the vullagers saw a speedboat heading toward them at high speed and began to

22、 cry for rescue. 这时,村民们见一艘快艇高速向他们驶来,便开始高声呼救。 -There is an eye-catching sign nearby: No Parking at This Point. 附近有一个醒目的招牌:此处不得停车。12)maintain: vt. continue to do or have (sth.) 保持,维持,继续;坚持 eg -Hard as competition is Microsoft is still maintaining its position as market leader in software. 尽管竞争很激烈,微软公司

23、继续在软件市场保持领头羊地位。 -The hotel staff showed determination to maintain high-quality service. 旅馆职员表现出保持高质量服务的决心。 -Our department maintains close contacts with the IT industry. 13)relieve: vt. free (sb.) from pain, anxiety, etc.; ease (pain, anxiety, etc.) (使)减轻(痛苦或焦虑等) eg -Kate felt relieved after her fir

24、st meeting with Tom had gone smoothly. 第一次与汤姆见面很顺利使凯蒂如释重负。 -Taking a part-time job would relieve you of the financial burden. 做一份兼职工作会减轻你的经济负担。-Drugs can relieve much of the pain. 药物能减轻不少痛苦。 搭配 relieve sb. of sth. / to relieve sth.;relieve ones feelings发泄感情, relieve ones mind解除某人的忧愁, relieve oneself

25、 (nature) 解大小便 派生 relief n. 轻松;宽慰;救济,救援relieved adj. 宽心的,宽慰的 5.Careful bargainer that she was(L.21):As she was very good a bargainer科洛真是个聪明的还价者that在句中作副词表示程度相当于She was so careful a bargainer,有“如此,虽然,尽管”等意思: eg -Fool that I was, I took his word for it.我真傻,我真信了他的话。 -Selfish man that he was, he wouldnt

26、 lend money to his brother. 他真小气,竟不肯借钱给他兄弟。14)undertake: vt. carry out; take upon oneself (task, etc.) 从事;承担(任务等) eg -The United Nations was supposed to undertake the role of global peace-keeper. 联合国应该是承担起世界和平使者的角色。 -Y ou should think very carefully before you undertake the responsibilities of a gen

27、eral manager of a multi-national company. 在承担起一家多国公司的总经理职责前你应该仔细考虑。 -Well have to employ more staff if were to undertake more work. 如果我们要从事更多的工作我们得雇佣更多的员工。 15)figure out: understand; reason out; calculate 推断出,理解;解出,想出 eg -I cant figure out why he left his office so suddenly and didnt even tell his s

28、ecretary where he would be. 我不能理解他为何如此突然离开办公室甚至连秘书也不告诉去哪儿。 -I cant figure out why he quit his well-paid job to undertake such tedious work. -It took me 2 hours to figure out how to start the new washing-machine. 6.But the orangutans understanding of money seemed to extend far beyond simple dealings.

29、 (L. 28): But the orangutans understanding of money was no limited in simple dealings. 但这头猩猩对于钱币的理解似乎远远超出了简单的交易。 16)extend: vi. 1) (of space, land or time) (cause to) stretch, reach or continue延伸,继续 eg The got weather extended into October. 炎热的天气会持续到十月份。 -Rain is expected to extend to all parts of t

30、he country by this evening.预计雨区今天傍晚会延伸到全国各地。 2) make longer or great 延长(日期等) ;扩大,加大 eg-The high-speed train service is planned to extend from Baltimore to Philadelphia. 计划将高速列车自巴尔的摩延伸到费城。 -I would like to stay in France a bit longer, but I will need to extend my visa.延长签证。 -Weve extended the kitchen

31、 to give us room for a dining area. 我们扩大了厨房好有个地方吃饭。3)stretch out (a part of ones body) to the limit 伸开,展开(身体的某部位) eg - The bird extend its wings. 4)to give or offer (比喻) 给,提供(帮助,友谊等) eg -We extended a warm welcome to him. -The boy downstairs extended the letter to her. 楼下的孩子伸手把信交给了她。 17)expand: vi.

32、(cause to) grow larger (in size, number or amount) (使)扩大,扩展(规模,业务等);(使)膨胀eg -Their retail (零售) business in Asia has expanded rapidly since the early 1990s. -The air in the balloon expands when heated. 膨胀。 -The population of the town expanded rapidly in the 1960s. -The bank is aiming to expand its share of the