职称英语卫生B类阅读理解中英文对照概要.docx

1、职称英语卫生B类阅读理解中英文对照概要Bringing Nanotechnology to Health Care for the Poor纳米保健技术走向贫困国家Nanotechnology uses matter at the level of molecules and atoms. Researchers are finding different uses for particles with a length of one nanometer,or one-billionth of a metter.These include things like beauty products

2、 and dirt-resistent clothing.But one area where many experts believe nanotechnology holds great promise is medicine.纳米技术的应用对象都是分子级和原子级的物质。如今，长度为1纳米，即十亿分之一米的粒子已被研究人员开发多种用途，如制造美容产品和亢污型服装等。但其中一个领域科学家认为潜力尤为巨大，那就是医药领域。Last week,speakers at a program in Washington discussed using nanotechnology to improve

3、 health care in developing countries.The program took place at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Peter Singer at the University of Toronto says a nanotechnology called quantum dots could be used to confirm cases of malaria.He says it could offer a batter way than the traditional

4、process of looking at a persons blood under a microscope.在上周于华盛顿Woodrow Wilson国际学术中心召开的一个项目会议上，科学家们探讨了如何将纳米技术应用于贫困国家人口保健的事宜。来自多伦多大学的Peter Singer声称一项名为量子点的纳米技术可被应用于疟疾的诊断。他指出相对于传统的仅用显微镜观察血液样本的方法，此技术要先进的多。In poor countries, this process is often not followed. As a result,sick people may get treated for

5、 malaria even if they do not have it. Such misuse of medicines can lead to drug resistance.Quantum dots are particles that give off light when activated. Researchers are studying ways to program them to identify diseases by lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule.由于贫困国家往往没有条件应用此项新技术，许多健康人

6、被误诊为疟疾患者，而药物的滥用又导致了抗药性的产生。所谓量子点是指一些被激活后会发光的粒子，科学家正在研究为他们编程的方法，以便当靶分子存在的时候就能够通过发光来诊断疾病。 Experts says nanotechnology shows promise not just for diagnosing diseases, but also for treating them. Piotr Grodzinski of the National Institutes of Health talked about how nanotechnology could make drugs more e

7、ffective. He talked about cancer drugs already developed with nanotechnology. He says if a drug can target a cancer locally in the body, then much less of it might be needed, and that means lower side effects.纳米技术的优越性不仅体现在疾病的诊断，还包括疾病的治疗。国立卫生研究所的Piotr Grodzinski与大家共同探讨了如何运用纳米技术来增强药效。以一些已经使用了纳米技术的抗癌药物

8、为例，他指出，如果药物可以针对癌症病灶而不是整个人体，治疗所需药量就会大大减少，副作用也会降低。Andrew Maynard is chief scientist for the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies at the Woodrow Wilson Center. He noted that Brazil, India, China and South Africa are currently doing nanotechnology research that could help poor countries. But he also not

9、ed that there is some risk in using nano-materials. He says nanometer-sized particles behave differently in the body and the environment compared to large particles. Experts say more investment in research is needed to better understand these risks.Andrew Maynard是Woodrow Wilson中心新兴的纳米技术工程部骨干科学家，他注意到

10、巴西、印度、中国和南非正在开发可被贫困国家缩应用的纳米技术。与此同时他指出，与较大分子不同，纳米材料的颗粒在人体内和体外环境中的作用可能有所不同，因此纳米技术的应用存在一定风险，专家认为若要深入研究这些风险则需要更大的资金投入。Medical Journals医学杂志Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.医学杂志是向医生和其他医务专业人员提供医学信息的出版物。In the past, these journals

11、 were available only in print. With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet, and some journals publish only online. A few medical journals, like the Journal of the American Medical Association, are considered general medical journals that be

12、cause they cover many fields of medicine. Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.在过去，这些杂志只有印刷版。随着电子出版的发展，许多医学杂志现在都有网站了，有些杂志只有网络版。少数的医学杂志，如美国医学会杂志，被看作是综合医学杂志，因为他们涵盖了医学的许多领域。大部分医学杂志都是针对特定医疗领域的专业杂志。Medical journals publish many types of articles. Resear

13、ch articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments. Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the

14、 medical literature. Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors, combining results from different of individual research studies can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the results from different preventing, diagnosing or treating a particular disease. Ca

15、se conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors, often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue

16、. Editorials provide perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic. Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments, questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.医学杂志登载很多类型的文章。研究论文报告调查研究的结果，内容涵盖基础疾病

17、机理和比较不同疗法产生的结果的临床试验。综述文章在细致研究医学文献的基础上，总结和分析与某个特定话题相关的信息。由于个体研究之结果可能手很多因素的影响，因此将有关同一题目的不同研究结果汇总起来，可能有助于得出有关预防、诊断或是治疗某一疾病所需的科学证据的结论。病例会诊和病例报告可能会登载在医学杂志上，告知医生特定的疾病和如何治疗。医学杂志上的社论是表达作者观点的短文章，它们经常是针对同一期杂志上登载的一篇科研论文或综述文章的。社论阐述这篇文章是怎样和同一话题的其他信息联系在一起的。读者来信为医学杂志的读者提供了发表评论、提问或者批评杂志上登载的文章的途径。Cooking Oil Fumes C

18、ause Tumor厨房油烟可致癌The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking, said medical experts after a five-year research study.医学专家们经过5年的研究调研后指出，城市人群中，男性患肺癌的首要原因是吸烟，而女性患此绝症的罪魁祸首是厨房油烟。Doctors announced the results y

19、esterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger, especially women.医生们昨天宣布这一结果，并对肺癌患病的一些新趋势作出分析。他们认为病人越来越年轻化，尤其是女性。According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute, more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else. Following breast

20、cancer, it has the second-highest incidence rate.据上海肿瘤研究所统计显示，本市死于肺癌的居民多于死于其他疾病的人。肺癌成为继乳腺癌之后的第二大高发病率肿瘤。“An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer,”said Dr. He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center.上海民生中医肿瘤诊疗中心何裕民医生指出：“不健

21、康的生活习惯是致癌的一个重要原因。”He followed 2276 lung cancer patients for five year. Among them, 1483 were male.他对2276名肺癌患者进行了长达5年的追踪调研，这些患者中有1483名是男性。 Smoking cause 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke, according to the

22、 report 报告显示，案例中男性患者中70%是由于吸烟诱发癌症的，而只有18%的女性患者是由于吸烟或被迫吸入二手烟才诱发癌症的。 However, more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term, close contact strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat.然而，60%以上患肺癌的女性都长期紧密接触厨房油烟并主诉眼睛和喉咙疼痛难受； About 32 percent of women fried

23、foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of womens bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen.大约32%的女性在滚开的油里煎炸食物而厨房却密不透风。而大约25%的女性居住的卧室紧邻厨房。However，local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer. Some claimed they may change food prepation methods.但是，

24、本市妇女们知道厨房油烟可以致癌时都很惊讶。其中一些人表示要改变准备饮食的方式。“Unless my family and I dont eat at home every day, I must stay in the kitchen to cook, ”said Xu Li, a 45-year-old woman.“I know the fumes are bad for the skin, but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer. I have already started frying le

25、ss.”“我每天都得下厨房做饭，除非我和家人都不在家用餐”，李旭，一名45岁的本市妇女说，“我知道油烟对皮肤不好，但是还是第一次听说油烟竟能致癌，我以后要少煎炸食物。”Doctors said womens lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history, unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.医生们认为，女性患肺癌和个人健康及身体状况联系极少，但和

26、肿瘤家族史、不健康的饮食习惯和脆弱的免疫系统联系紧密。Other experts agreed with He. 其他专家同意何医生的意见。“Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men,” said Dr.Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan Universitys Medical College. “Its true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes ar

27、e the main causes among women.”吸烟已经成为诱发男性肺癌最最大的因素，上海复旦大学医学院呼吸道疾病研究所名誉主席谭彬用指出，二手烟和厨房油烟的确是诱发女性肺癌的主要原因。Hes research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.他的研究同时也警告人们不要站在卖油炸食品的摊点旁，因为他们使用的油都是劣质的。The chance of catching lung cancer is three

28、times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time, experts said.专家称，如果长时间接触油烟，患肺癌的几率有常人的3倍那么高。Multivitamins Urged for All Pregnant Women孕期妇女宜多补充多维制剂A recent study in Tanzania found that when pregnant women took vitamins every day, fewer babies were born too small. Babies that weigh less than two a

29、nd one-half kilograms at birth have a greater risk of dying. Those that survive are more likely to experience problems with their development. And experts say that as adults they have a higher risk of diseases including heart disease and diabetes. The World Health Organization estimates that every y

30、ear twenty million babies are born with low birth weight. Nine out of ten of them are born in developing countries. 近日，来自坦桑尼亚的研究显示，孕期妇女若每日补充维生素，则新生儿体重过轻的概率将明显减少。专家指出，体重过轻的新生儿（即少于2.5千克）死亡的风险更高，且即使幸存下来，其成年后患很多疾病和糖尿病的几率也会更高。世界卫生组织估算，每年全世界有2000万体重过轻的婴儿诞生，其中90%出生在发展中国家。The new study took place in Dar es

31、Salaam. 4200 pregnant women received multivitamins. The pills contained all of the vitamins in the B group along with vitamins C and E. They also contained several times more iron and folate than the levels advised for women in developed nations. Pregnant women especially in poor countries may find

32、it difficult to get enough vitamins and minerals from the foods in their diet.此次研究试验在坦桑尼亚首都达雷斯萨达姆举行，共有4200名怀孕妇女服用了多维制剂。她们服用的多维制剂包括所有B族维生素、维生素C和维生素E，同时还包括剂量超出发达国家给妇女的建议服用量数倍的铁和叶酸盐。因为在日常饮食中孕期妇女更容易发生维生素和矿物质摄入不足的现象，尤其是在发展中国家。The scientists compared the findings with results from a group of 4000 women who did not receive the vitamins. A report by the scientists, from the United States and Tanzania, appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine. Wafaie Fawzi of the Harvard University School of Public Heath led the study. None of the women in the study had HIV, the vir