专题09新高考英语拓展阅读训练历史与社会解析版.docx

1、专题09新高考英语拓展阅读训练历史与社会解析版专题 09 历史与社会Text 1(2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标）)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to

2、his mother-in-law, she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol - one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They sha

3、re a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think its a big thing for Nick to live

4、with his mother-in-law.”And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”Its hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest

5、 that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001to 419,000 in 2013.Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever lef

6、t. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly

7、rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husbands family when they get married.28Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol?ANick. BRita. CKathryn DThe daughters.29What is Nicks attitude towards sharing the house with his m

8、other-in -law?APositive. BCarefree. CTolerant. DUnwilling.30What is the authors statement about multigenerational family based on?AFamily traditions. BFinancial reports. CPublished statistics. DPublic opinions.31What is the text mainly about?ALifestyles in different countries. BConflicts between gen

9、erations.CA housing problem in Britain. DA rising trend of living in the UK.【答案】28B29A30C31D【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。28细节理解题。根据第三段“ but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.”可知，但Rita在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、

10、卧室和客厅。由此可知，Rita 在布里斯托尔的维多利亚式住宅中使用一楼。故选B项。29推理判断题。根据第五段“And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。我推荐它吗?是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。”由此判断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选A项。30细节理解题。根据第六段“ Official reports suggest th

11、at the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013.”官方报告显示，三代同堂的家庭数量从2002年的32.5万户增加到2013年的41.9万户。根据第七段“It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenera

12、tional households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.”可知，据说，25-34岁的年轻人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例为16%。据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为180万。由此可知，作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述基于发布的统计数据。故选C项。31主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to l

13、ive together.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选D项。Text 2(2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标）)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。In ancient China lived an artist61 paintings were almost lifelike. The artists reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his

14、 portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 62 (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would63(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the

15、 Li Riverperhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.Filled with 64 (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 65 he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66 (point) down the river. The next mornin

16、g he hired a boat and set out 67 (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, 68 (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising

17、from the river and the soft clouds69 (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70 earth, Mother Nature.【答案】61whose62finest63be chosen64curiosity65When/As66pointed67to find68gently69surrounding70On【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了一位画家画画栩栩如生，有一天他

18、将画送给宰相时，这位睿智的老人告诉他去漓江旅行也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母亲。61考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。62考查最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。63考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作

19、送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。64.考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。65考查连接词。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当时候”，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。66考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找

20、到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。67考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。68考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。69考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft cl

21、ouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。70考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。Text 3（2020年浙江卷7月）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control

22、the world they lived 1 ，through agriculture. Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 2 could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.Farming produced more food per person 3 hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more ch

23、ildren. And，as more children were born，more food 4(need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 5(change)lives.By about 6000 BC，people 6 (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later，they learned to work with the 7 (season)，planting at the right tim

24、e and，in dry areas， 8 (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with 9 rise of science，changes began. New methods 10 (mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so，these changes have accelerated. New power ma

25、chinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥)have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.【答案】1in2what3than4was needed5to change6had discovered7seasons8making9the10meant.【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了农业的发展历史。1考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived _”应是之前名词the world 的定语

26、从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world. live in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。2考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。3考查固定搭配。句意：农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。结合句意可知，此句中将农业生产与狩猎和采集相比，应用比较连词than。more than，意为“比更”故填than。4考查时态语态。句意：随着越多的小

27、孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。5考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。6考查时态。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到

28、为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.7考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词性为为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasons。8考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式（doing）形式做状语。故填making。9考查定冠词。句意：随着科学的崛起，事情发生了变化。with th

29、e rise of 译为“随着.的崛起”是固定短语。故填the。10考查时态。句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子，主句部分无其他动词，故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。Text 4(2019年全国卷III)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Before the 1830s,most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10

30、 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They

31、were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.The trend, then, was toward the penny paper-a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers

32、that could be bought in single copies on the street.This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy)to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830,but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printers office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the