高中英语句型归纳.docx

1、高中英语句型归纳一、命题原则突出语境，强化语意，强调运用二、单项选择题命题特点覆盖面广，重点突出突出在语境中运用知识的考查淡化语法结构，重视能力三、英语单项选择解题技巧（一）分析句子结构1.This is the main use that the scientists make_ natural resources.A. in B. up of C. from D. of有些试题的考本来十分简单,但命题者却通过使用定语从句,或者将我们十分熟悉的固定词组有意拆开,重新组合,使我们在结构上产生错觉。that the scientists make是定语从句,关系代词that是代表先行词use的,

2、将其置入定语从句中,就得到that the scientists make use.显然是考查make use of 这一词组。正确答案是D。（二）找准关键词语2.It is_ any wonder that hisfriend doesnt like watching television much.A. no B. such C. nearly D. hardly此题的关键词是any, 因为any常用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中,而此句不是疑问句，也不是条件句,所以应该是否定句。no本身就相当于not any，于是排除A。.因此，正确答案D(hardly=almost not)。（三）补全省

3、略成分3.-What do you think made Mary so upset?- _her new bike.A. Lost B. As she lost C. Losing D.Because of losing口语中会使用一些省略句，作题是若将被省略的成分补充完整，答案就会一目了然。此题将答句补全，就是Losing her new bike made Mary so upset。显然，只能选C，用动名词作主语。（四）适当转换句式4.-Mr. Wang ,whom would you rather _ the important meeting?-Tom.A. have attend

4、 B. have attendedC. having attend D. have to attend有时将题干的句式转换成自己更熟悉的句式，就很容易选出正确答案。如：将疑问句、强调句、感叹句或倒装句改为陈述句，将被动句改为主动句，将无序句调整为正常句。此题若将疑问句改为陈述句，就是I have Tom attend the important meeting。其中would rather 后必须跟动词原形，have sb do sth.所以选A。（五）注意标点符号5.There are eight tips in Dr. Rogers lecture on sleep, and one of

5、 them is:_ to bed early unless you think it is necessary.A. doesnt go B. not to go C. not going D. dont go标点有时对我们作题有提示的作用。此题很容易选B,认为是不定式做表语。其实冒号已经表明后面是Dr.Roger讲的原话，这原话应当是个句子，只有选D才构成一个否定的祈使句第1/3页。（六）删除干扰部分6.We agree to accept_ they thought was the best tourist guide.A. whichever B. whoever C. whateve

6、r D. whomever就是将起干扰作用的定语从句、介词短语或插入语，如Ithink/ suppose/believe，do you think/ suppose/believe， you know，of course等删除，从而更容易地选出正确答案。此题去掉插入语they thought ，可知宾语从句缺主语，又能与the best tourist guide 搭配的，只有答案B。（七）利用对称结构7.-English has a large vocabulary, hasnt it?-Yes. _ more words and expressions and you will find

7、it easier to read and communicate.A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known就是在作题的过程中要善于利用and, but等并列连词。若前面是个句子，后面也是个句子，反之亦然；若连接的是几个动词，这几个动词也必定是同一时态或同一形式。此题第二个and后面是个句子，所以前面也必定是一个句子，但是前面这个句子没有主语，只能选用动词原形，构成一个祈使句，因此答案是A。又如：On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, _some bananas and visited he

8、r cousin.A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy（八）检查有无谓语8.He wrote five novels, two of _translated into English.A. it B. them C. which D. that有时看似有两个句子，于是就选连词，正好掉进命题人设计的陷阱。事实上，有时貌似句子的“句子”却没有谓语，其中的动词只是一个非谓语动词（多为分词）。此题很容易误选C，以为后面是非限制性定语从句。事实上， translated是过去分词，而不是谓语动词，后面不是句子，无须连词，所以答案是B。若在translated前加上we

9、re，were translated就是谓语，这时就 选连词which。（九）熟记固定搭配9.Mr. Smith used to smoke _ but he has given it up.A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D.hardly在平时的学习中注意积累一些常见的固定句式、动词与副词的搭配、名词和形容词的搭配等。因为指烟瘾或酒瘾很重，要用heavy或heavily，因此答案是B。此外，雨雪下得“大”、烟雾“浓”、交通“拥挤”、波涛“汹涌”等，也用heavy。（十）消除思维定势10.Everyone here will thank the firefig

10、hter for the things they have done to prevent fires_the environment safer.A. make B. to making C. to makeD. from making有些试题的题干，看上去好象就是固定搭配，我们高兴地完成以后第2/3页，结果却做错了。要从句子结构上或者句子意思上分析，以免步入命题者设计的陷阱。此题容易误选D，以为是考查prevent sb. /sth. from doing 这一固定搭配的。其实，“使环境更安全”是“他们为防火所做的工作”的目的，所以用动词不定式，选C。（十一）查看有无连词11.If an

11、excellent Chinese novel is translated into English, _means many more people in the world can enjoy it.A. as B. which C. what D. that若经查实，前后的确是两个句子，就要看其中一个分句是否已经用了连词。若已经用了连词，一般不选连词，若没有用连词，就一定要选连词。此题已有连词If，选D，若没有If，就选B， which引导一个非限制性定语从句。（十二）正确把握语境12. I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agr

12、ee with _.A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing有时孤立地看留空格的那个句子，好象多个答案都可以，但与上下句的意思联系起来，就会发现问题。因此，做题时一定要把握语境。此题答案选A。B答案的意思是I dont agree with anything 等于I agree with nothing.这就与前一分句的意思发生矛盾了。（十三）识别相似句型13. _is known to everybody, light travels much faster than sound.A. It B. As C. That D. What

13、14._is known to everybody that light travels much faster than sound.A. It B. As C. That D. What15. _ is known to everybody is that light travels much faster than sound.A. It B. As C. That D. What有的句型十分相似，若不仔细分辨，很容易出错。13题选B，as引导一个非限定性定语从句，先行词是后面整个句子。14题选A，it是形式主语， that引导主语从句；15题在that前加个is，则应选D， what引

14、导的是主语从句， that引导的是表语从句。四、方法归纳分析法：分析句子结构或语言习惯，使句子“合法”。排除法：排除句子中某些附加成分， 使其简单直接。补全法：补全省略部分，连接思维序列中的断点。推断法：根据上下文依据，判断空格所依据的信息。还原法：通过转换句型还原句子本来面目，以便理解句意。高中英语句型归纳 1. be doing/ be about to do/ had done, when(when:这时 强调一 :这时, 个动作的突然发生) 个动作的突然发生 1). I was walking along the river, when I heard a drowning boy c

15、ry for help. 2). I was about to leave when it began to rain. 3). I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang, announcing the exam was over.2. It was (not ) + 时间段 时间段+before +一般过去时 一般过去时 就. It will (not )be+时间段 时间段+before +一般现在时 一般现在时 才会 才会 It is/ has been +时间段 since. 时间段+ 时间段 It was +点时间 wh

16、en. 点时间+ 点时间 It was +时间状语 that .(强调句) 时间状语+ 时间状语 (强调句) 1). It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就 意识到他处境危险(动作已发生) 2). It will be half a yearbefore you graduate from the school. 还有半年 你才从这个学校毕业(动作未发生) 3). It is 3 years since he worked here.=he left here. since 从句中的谓语 ( 动词若是延续

17、性动词,要从这个动作结束的时候算起) 动词若是延续性动词,要从这个动作结束的时候算起) 要过一段时间 过了一段时间4). It was 3 oclock when they received the telephone. 5) It was at 3 oclock that they received the telephone. 3. no 比较级 than: not 比较级 than: more than so.as) more than=not only 不仅仅. 不仅仅 A 与 B 都不 都不 A 不如 B /仅仅,只有 仅仅, 仅仅/ 不超过,至多 不超过,与 其 . 倒 不 如 (

18、= not as/1). He works no harder than I.他和我都不用功 2). He doesnt work harder than I.他不如我用功 3). There are no more than seven people in the room. 屋里仅有七个 人 4). There are not more than seven people in the room. 屋里至多有七 个人 5). He is more diligent than clever. 与其说他聪明,倒不如说他勤奋 He is not as/ so clever as diligent

19、. 6)Itis more like a meeting than like a party.-> It is not as a party asa meeting 7).Mr. Zhang is more than my teacher, he is also my best friend.张先生不 仅仅是我的老师,他还是我的朋友 4. once.一旦 一旦., 表示时间和条件 一旦 1)Once you understand what the teacher explained, you will have no difficu

20、lty doing the work.2). Once you have decided to dosomething, you should finish it and do it well. 5. The +比较级 比较级.,the +比较级 比较级.越, 越 比较级 , 比较级 越 1) The more books you read, the more knowledge you will get. 2)The busier he is, the happier he feels. 6. as if/ as though.(表示与事实相反,用虚拟;若表示即将成为事 (表示与事实相反,用

21、虚拟; 实或有可能成为事实,则用陈述语气) 实或有可能成为事实,则用陈述语气) 1). He was in great trouble, but he acted as if nothing had happened. 2). Although they just met for the firsttime, they talked as if they had been friends for many years 3). The clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain. 7. n. /adj. / adv. / v.

22、 + as / though + 主 语 + 谓 语, 尽管,.引导让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句 1).Child as he is, I already know what career I want to follow. 2). Try as he might, he couldnt solve the problem. 3). Much as I respect him, I cant agree with his idea. 8. whether.or. 无论是 还是. 无论是.还是 还是 1). Whether the weather is good or bad, they wi

23、ll set off asthey planned. 2). Any person, whether young or old, has his own worth. 9. 疑问词 疑问词+ever = no matter +疑问词 引导让步状语从句或名词性从 疑问词, 疑问词 句 1). Whichever(=No matter which) you like, you can take it away .( 让步状语从句) You can take away whichever(=any one that)you like 从句) 2). Whenever youcomes, you wi

24、ll be welcome. ( 让步状语从句) 3). Whatever happens, I will support you. ( 让步状语从句) 4). Whoever breaks the law, he will certainly be punished. ( 让步状语 从句)Whoever breaks the law will certainly be punished. ( 名词性从句) 5). However great the difficulty is, we can overcome it.( 让步状语从 句) 10. if/ as long as/so long

25、as/ providing that/ provided that/ supposing that/ on condition that 假如 假如. 1). I will lend you money on condition that you can return it within 3 months. 11. given that/ considering that 考虑到 考虑到., 鉴于 鉴于1). Given her interest in children/ Given that she is interested in children, Im sure teaching is

26、 the right career for her. 2). Considering his age and his experience, he has done well. 12. in case that/ in case of. 万一., 以防 以防. 万一 ( 名词性1). In case of fire, please dial 119 at once. 2). In case that John comes/ John should come, tell him to wait. 13. 祈使句 or/otherwise +结果句 或 祈使句+ 结果句 祈使句+ 祈使句 and

27、+结果句 结果句1). Stop doing such foolish thing, or you will be punished intime. 2). More effort, and the problem would have been settled. 3). Think it over, and you will find the answer. 14. so/such.that.引导结果状语从句时须注意 引导结果状语从句时须注意 当名词前 many, much, little, few 有修饰时, 用 so 不用 such 因 为此时的中心词不再 是名词,而是 many, mu

28、ch, little, few 这些表示数量的词. 1). The westerners eat so much fat andsugar that they put on weight easily. 2). There are so few fish in the lake that we couldnt fish them easily. 当名词是单数可数名词,前面又由 adj.修饰时,注意冠词的位 置,即 so+ adj+a(n)+n 或 such+ a(n) + adj.+ n 1). He is such an honest person/ so honest a person t

29、hat you can depend on him when you are in trouble. 当 so/such 引导的部分位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装结构 1). Such great progress has he made in his studies that we alladmire him. 当主从句主语一致时可与动词不定式相互转换,即变成 so/such.as to do 结构. 1).The westerners eat so much fat and sugar as to puton weight easily. 15. so that 引导目的状语从句与结果状语从

30、句 so that 引导目的状语从句时常与情态动词连用(= in orderthat) ,当主从句主语一致时可转换为 so as to do/ in order to do. 1). He turned up the radio a little so that he could hear the news clearly. He turned up the radio a little so as to hear the news clearly.虚拟语气 主句would、could do过去 从句 had done主句 would/could have done将来 从句should do

31、/were to do /did主句 would/could do混合 从句 对过去 had done主句 现在 would /could do难点 如果句子中省略if时，句子要部分倒装宾语从句的倒装1 suggest /建议 insisit 坚持 order、request 等 that (should) do2 wish 1 对现在 did3 2 对过去 had done4 特殊5 It is (high )time that did6 Would rather that did7 标志 otherwise but for if only without as if /though8 -情态动词Must1 必须 表命令Mustnt 绝不可以2 一定 表猜测现在 must be过去 must have done否定形式 cant/couldntMay1 可以 =can2 可能 表猜测 不确定现在 may be过去 may have doneMay not 可能不特殊 may well not doCan可以表猜测用于否定句和疑问句Should1 should do 应该 对事实的陈述2 表惊讶的语气 竟然3 表虚拟 should have done本应该 做 ，却未做