大学英语四级阅读理解训练.docx

1、大学英语四级阅读理解训练Classifiedadvertisingisthatadvertisingwhichisgroupedincertainsectionsofthepaperandisthusdistinguishedfromdisplayadvertising.Suchgroupingsas“HelpWanted”,“RealEstate”,“LostandFound”aremade,theratechargedbeinglessthanfordisplayadvertising.Classifiedadvertisementsareaconveniencetothereaderan

2、dasavingtotheadvertiser.Thereaderwhoisinterestedinaparticularkindofadvertisementfindsalladvertisementsofthattypegroupedforhim.Theadvertisersmay,onthisaccount,useaverysmalladvertisementifitwereplacedamonglargeradvertisementsinthepaper.Itisevidentthatthereaderapproachestheclassifiedadvertisementinadif

3、ferentframeofmindfromthatinwhichheapproachestheotheradvertisementsinthepaper.Heturnstoapageofclassifiedadvertisementstosearchfortheparticularadvertisementthatwillmeethisneeds.Ashisattentionisvoluntary,theadvertiserdoesnotneedtorelytoomuchextentondisplaytypetogetthereadersattention.Formerlyallclassif

4、iedadvertisementswereofthesamesizeanddidnothavedisplaytype.Withtheincreaseinthenumberofsuchadvertisements,however,eachadvertiserwithinacertaingroupiscompetingwithothersinthesamegroupforthereadersattention.Inmanycases,theresulthasbeenanincreaseinthesizeofthespaceusedandtheadditionofheadlinesandpictur

5、es.Inthatway,theclassifiedadvertisementhasinrealityadvertisement.Thisisparticularlytrueofrealestateadvertising?1.AllofthefollowingfactsareadvantagesofclassifiedadvertisementforadvertisersEXCEPTthat_.A)classifiedadvertisementchargeslessmoneyB)itiseasiertoattracttheattentionofthetargetconsumersC)itpro

6、videsmoreinformationforthereadersD)itdoesnothavetorelytoomuchondisplaytype2.Oneoftheexamplesgivenoftypesofclassifiedadvertisementis_A)housesforsaleB)peoplewhoareaskingforhelpC)peoplewhoarelostD)jobvacancies3.Whatsortofattitudedopeoplehavewhentheylookatclassifiedadvertisement,accordingtothewriter?A)T

7、heyareintheframeofmindtobuyanything.B)Theyarelookingforsomethingtheyneed.C)Theyfeellostbecausetherearesomanyadvertisements.D)Theyfeelthesameaswhentheylookatdisplayadvertisements.4Accordingtothepassage,inwhichwayhavetheclassifiedadvertisementschangednowadays?A)Theydependmoreondisplaytype.B)Moremoneyi

8、schargedforthem.C)Theyaredividedintomoregroups.D)Theyarelessformal.5Whyhaveclassifiedadvertisementschangedinappearance?A)Becausepeoplenolongerwantheadlinesandpictures.B)Becauserealestateadvertisingisparticularlytruthfulnow.C)Becausetheincreaseinthenumberofsuchadvertisementsmeanstheyhavetobesmallnow.

9、D)Becausetherearemoreadvertisementsnowandmorecompetitionamongadvertisers.答案与解析：1.C分类广告的优越性不包括为读者提供更多的信息。事实辨析题。从文中可看出，分类广告的优越性在于收费低、无需很多的展现形式，以及更易吸引对某类广告感兴趣的读者的注意力，因此A，B，D都正确。文中唯独没有提到C。2.A房地产业就是分类广告的其中一块。细节题。本题考察对“RealEstate”的理解，它的意思是“房地产”，故选项A正确。3.B当读者看分类广告时，他们会搜索自己需要的信息。事实辨析题。从文中可知，读者在看分类广告时和看展示广告的

10、注意力的模式是不一样的，他们会去浏览自己感兴趣的类别，查找所需信息。故选项B正确。4.A根据文章，分类广告更多地依赖展现形式。推断题。文章最后指出，由于竞争的加剧，分类广告商们不得不用大标题和图片来吸引读者的注意力。故选项A正确。5.D因为现在更多广告的投入和广告商之间的竞争日益加剧，所以分类广告不断变化形式。事实辨析题。文中指出，分类广告的变化是由于“Withtheincreaseinthenumberofsuchadvertisements,however,eachadvertiserwithinacertaingroupiscompetingwithothersinthesamegrou

11、pforthereadersattention”，故选项D正确。大学英语四级阅读理解训练（二）Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetooldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsand,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschool.Someotherresearcherswhostudyvariousaspectsofm

12、entallife,maintainthoserewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfromothers.Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmallmonetaryrewardssparksingrade-schoolchildrensuggestingthatproperlypresentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,acc

13、ordingtoastudyintheJuneJournalPersonalityandSocialPsychology.“Iftheyknowtheyreworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,”saysRobertEsenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.“Butitseasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticip

14、ationforrewards.”Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,Esenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefallinggrades.Inearliergrades,theuseofso-call

15、edtokeneconomics,inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.1.Psychologistsaredividedwithregardtotheirattitudestoward_.A)thechoicebetweenspiritualencouragementandmonetaryrewardsB)

16、theappropriateamountofexternalrewardsC)thestudyofrelationshipbetweenactionsandD)theeffectsofexternalrewardsonstudentsperformance2.Whatistheviewheldbymanyeducatorsconcerningexternalrewardsforstudents?A)Theyapproveofexternalrewards.B)Theydontthinkexternalrewards.C)Theyhavedoubtsaboutexternalrewards.D)

17、Theybelieveexternalrewardscanmotivatesmallchildren,butnotcollegestudents.3.Accordingtotheresultofthestudymentionedinthepassage,whatshouldeducatorsdotostimulatemotivationandcreativity?A)Giverewardsforperformanceswhichdeservethem.B)Alwayspromiserewards.C)Assigntaskswhicharenotverychallenging.D)Bemorel

18、enienttostudentswhenmistakesaremade.4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmajoruniversitiesaretryingtotightentheirgradingstandardsbecausetheybelieve_.A)rewardingpoorperformancemaykillthecreativityofstudentsB)punishmentismoreeffectivethanrewardingC)failinguninspiredstudentshelpsimprovetheiroverallacadem

19、icstandardsD)discouragingthestudentsanticipationforeasyrewardsismatterofurgency5Whichofthefollowingfactsabout“tokeneconomics”isnotcorrect?A)Studentsareassignedchallengingtasks.B)Rewardsaregivenforgoodperformances.C)Studentsareevaluatedaccordingtotheefforttheyputintothetask.D)Withtokeneconomics,stude

20、ntscreativitycanbeenhanced.答案与解析：1.D心理学家认为外界的奖励对学生会有不同的影响。事实辨析题。根据文章第一句话“Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetooldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity”可知，心理学家的分歧在于来自外界的奖励对学生的积极性和创造性究竟有什么影响，故选项D正确.2.C许多教育家对外界的奖励持怀疑态度。文章第二段第一句话提到，后一种观点得到了许多教育工作者的支持，从第一段中可知，后一种观点是：奖励会促使学生对别人的

21、赞许和馈赠产生依赖心理，因此奖励会破坏创造精神。由此可知，他们对奖励的正面作用持怀疑态度。故选项C正确。3.A根据文中的研究结果表明，教育家通过给予学生应得的奖励来提高他们的积极性和创造性。文章第三段指出，给予学生恰当的奖励，可使他们发挥更大的创造性，但如果对糟糕的表现也给予奖励，或让学生对奖励有太多的期许，反而会扼杀创造性。故选项A正确。4.B从文中可以得知，一些重点大学试图加强等级标准，因为他们相信惩罚比奖励更有效。事实辨析题。从文中第四段可知，许多大学之所以严格考试的评分标准，是因为“Ateacher.whohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievement

22、endsupwithuninspiredstudents”。选项B与此意相同。5.C根据学生的表现对他们作出评价。事实辨析题。根据最后一段的意思，在这种奖励制度下，要根据学生的表现对他们做出评价，而不仅仅是他们花费了多少精力来完成任务，故选项C正确。大学英语四级阅读理解训练（三）mayoccurasanattempttoover-identifywiththenewcultureinordertobeacceptedbythepeopleinit.expressionheorsheislikefishoutofwatersuggests_.awayfromtheirculturescanhar

23、dlysurviveinanewculturefishcannotsurvivewithoutwaterawayfromtheircultureexperiencementalisolationawayfromtheirculturehavedifficultiesinnewenvironmentordertoidentifywiththenewenvironment,somepeoplemay_.anexaggeratedpictureoftheirowncountrythepositiveaspectsoftheirowncountytheiroriginalbeliefsatempora

24、rysetofvaluesofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtotheauthor?resultsincultureshock.typicalsymptomofculturshockisconfusion.shockistheexplanationofanxiety.shockhappenstoforeignstudentsonly.mayworryabout_.ignoranceofthealiencustomsknowledgeofYesinthenativelanguageunderstandingoffriendshipcontrolofth

25、eirbehaviortheforeignvisitorisimmersedinnewproblemshefindshardtocopewhith,heismostlikelytofeel_.答案：cdadbc大学英语四级阅读理解训练（八）Socialchangeismorelikelytooccurinsocietieswherethereisamixtureofdifferentkindsofpeoplethaninsocietieswherepeoplearesimilarinmanyways.Thesimplereasonforthisisthattherearemorediffere

26、ntwaysoflookingatthingspresentinthefirstkindofsociety.Therearemoreideas,moredisagreementsininterest,andmoregroupsandorganizationswithdifferentbeliefs.Inaddition,thereisusuallyagreaterworldlyinterestandgreatertoleranceinmixedsocieties.Allthesefactorstendtopromotesocialchangebyopeningmoreareasoflifeto

27、decision.Inasocietywherepeoplearequitesimilarinmanyways,therearefeweroccasionsforpeopletoseetheneedortheopportunityforchangebecauseeverythingseemstobethesame.Andalthoughconditionsmaynotbesatisfactory,theyareatleastcustomaryandundisputed.Withinasociety,socialchangeisalsolikelytooccurmorefrequentlyandmorereadilyinthematerialaspectsoftheculturethaninthenon-material,forexample,intechnologyratherthaninvalues;inwhathasbeenlearnedlaterinliferatherthanwhatwaslearnedearly;inthe