完整版情态动词专题精讲.docx

1、完整版情态动词专题精讲 情态动词专题精解一、情态动词的基本用法（一）情态动词的特点1. 没有人称和数的变化。2. 有些情态动词有过去式的变化： will would , can could , may might , dare dared（二）can (could) 1. 表示能力。 Eg: Two eyes can see more than one. 2. 表示允许。 Eg: Can I have a look at your new pen? Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 3. 表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。Eg: Whe

2、re can (could) they have gone to? He cant (couldnt) be over sixty. How can you be so careless? 4. 表示猜测 (肯定句把握较小；否定句几乎为100%把握) eg:The temperature can fall to 10. You cant be serious.(三)may (might) 1表允许，might是may的过去式; 用在疑问中比may委婉、客气。Eg: You may take whatever you like. He told me that I might smoke in

3、the room. 2. 表可能（事实上）。 语气不肯定。 Eg:He may be at home. 他可能在家。 She may not know about it. I am afraid they might not agree with him. They might be having a meeting, but Im not sure. (三)must1. 表必须（主观意志）eg: We must do everything we can to help him. You mustnt talk to her like that. -Must we hand in our ex

4、ercise books now? -No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to. /yes,you must.2. 表示很有把握的推断，意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。have (has)to：eg: have (has)got to 必须, 不得不。过去式为had to。 He must be ill. He looks so pale. She must have a lot of money, for she drives a BMW.(四)shall1. 表征询意见，用于第一称疑问句。 Eg:Shall I get you some tea

5、? Its a fine day. Lets go fishing, shall we?2. 表说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。Eg:You shall do as I say. （命令） You shall have the English book as soon as I finish it.（允诺） He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. （警告） Everything that he owns shall be taken away from him.（决心）(五)will1. 表意愿，用

6、于各种人称陈述句。Eg: I will do anything for you. If you will read the book, Ill lend it to you. 2. 表请求，用于疑问句。Eg: Dont smoke in the meeting room, will you? Wont you drink some more coffee? 3. 表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。Eg: Fish will die out of water. The door wont open. (六)would1. 表意愿。Eg: They would not let him in because

7、 he was poorly dressed. 2. 表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。Eg: Would you like another glass of beer? 3. 表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。Eg: Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.(七)should1. 表义务。意为“应该”，用于各种人称。Eg: You should listen to the doctors advice. 你应该听从医生建议的。 You should study the article carefully. 你应该

8、仔细读那篇文章。2. 表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。Eg: The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. 那部电影想必很棒，都是一流的演员。 They should be home by now. 现在他们应该已经到家了。(八)ought to1. 意为“应该”，口气比should稍重。Eg: Ought you to smoke so much? 你应该抽这样多烟吗？ You ought to write to the mayor. 您应该给市长写信。 2. 表推测，暗含很大的可能。Eg:

9、She ought to know his telephone number. 她应该知道他的电话号码。(九)used to 过去常常, 现在不复发生或存在。Eg:The Greeks used to worship several gods. 过去,希腊人崇奉好几种神。 He used to smoke. 他过去抽烟（现在不抽了）。二、情态动词的推测用法 肯定句中： must (一定)，may (可能)，might/could (也许，或许) 其语气的肯定程度依次递减。其中，might 和could并非过去时态，只是语气较为委婉或可能性较小 对当前行为、情况或状态的推测： must /may

10、 /might /could + do/be eg: He must/may/might/could be in the reading room. 他肯定/可能/也许在阅览室里。 I must look funny in this hat. 我戴这顶帽子看起来一定很滑稽。 对此时此刻正在进行的动作的推测： must /may/ might/ could + be doing 想必/可能正在Eg:He must /may/ might/ could be watching TV at this time. 他此时一定/可能/或许在看电视。 They must be waiting for us

11、. 他们肯定在等着我们。 对过去发生的事情的推测： must /may /might /could + have +过去分词 想必/可能已经 Eg: They must have arrived by now. 现在他们肯定已到了。 You look very tired. You must have stayed up last night. 看上去你很疲劳，你昨晚一定熬夜了。 You may have read about it in the papers. 你可能在报上已读到这件事了。 过去的一段时间内一直在进行的动作： must/may /might/ could + have + b

12、een +doing 想必/可能一直在Eg:They are sweating all over. They must have been working in the fields. 他们浑身是汗，准是在地里劳动来着。 He may have been waiting for us for an hour. 他可能等我们一小时了。2否定句中： can/could not 不可能，想必不会may/might not 可能不对当前行为、情况或状态的推测： can/could not+动词原形 不可能，想必不会may/might not +动词原形可能不eg:He may not be busy

13、now.也许他现在不忙。 He can not be busy now.他现在一定不忙。 He cant be in the reading room. I saw him on the playground just now. 他不可能在阅览室里，我刚看到他在操场上。对此时此刻正在进行的动作的推测： can/could not + be doing 不可能，想必不会在干某事may/might not + be doing 可能没在干某事eg:They cant be telling the truth.他们不可能在说真话。 They may not be telling the truth.

14、他们可能没在说真话。对过去发生的事情的推测： can/could not + have +过去分词 不可能，想必不会做过某事may/might not + have +过去分词 可能没干过某事eg: He cant have finished the work so soon.这项工作他不可能完成得这样快。 He may not have achieved all his aims. But his effort is a good one. 他可能没达到他的全部目的，但他还是认真做了努力的。过去的一段时间内一直在进行的动作： cant /couldnt/may not have been d

15、oingeg:He cant have been waiting for us so long.他不可能等我们那么长时间。3疑问句中： 常用can/could来表示说话人的猜疑、怀疑或不肯定的语气 对当前行为、情况或状态的推测： can/could + 主语+ do/beeg:Where can he be now? 他现在会在哪里呢？ Can it be true?那会是真的吗？ 对此时此刻正在进行的动作的推测： can/could +主语+ be doingeg:Its so late. Can Tom be reading?这么晚了，汤姆还在看书吗？ What can he be doi

16、ng?他可能在做什么呢？ 对过去发生的事情的推测： can/could +主语+have doneCan she have told a lie?她会不会说谎了？Where can she have gone?她会上哪儿去了呢？三、“情态动词+完成式”的用法1. should(nt) have done表示本该做的事情实际上并未做，或者本不该做的事又做了。 Eg: You should have told me about that. You shouldnt have scolded her like that, she is a little girl,though.2. must hav

17、e done/cannot have done（may/might have done, couldnt have done）表示对过去情况的肯定或否定推测判断。 Eg：I saw our teacher in the cinema yesterday, so she cant have stayed at home. She was playing with her friends on the field; She must have finished her homework.3. would/should/could/might have done用于与过去事实相反的虚拟语气主句中。

18、Eg: If I had worked hard when I was at school, I would have passed the exam easily.4. 其它情况 need have done/neednt have done表示不必等。四、情态动词的辨析(一)need和dare1. 用作情态动词eg:Need he go yesterday? 昨天他有去的必要吗? I dont think you need worry. She dare not go out alone at night. How dare you say Im unfair? 2. 用作实义动词eg:

19、She needs the work done before tomorrow. 她必须在明天以前找人完成这项工作。 The table needs painting (to be painted.). I dare say hell come again.（2）can 和be able tobe able to 表示经过努力后, 能够做到; be able to 有多种形式的变化。can 1.表示体力或脑力方面的能力; 2. 表示允许、可能性。could 是can的过去式, 表示过去有能力及过去存在的可能性；用于疑问句表示委婉地提出问题。Eg:1. The fire spread throu

20、gh the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 2. Will you stay for lunch? Sorry, I cant. My brother is coming to see me. (三)must和have tomust表示主观意志，而have to表示由于客观因素。Eg:I told her that she must give up smoking. We had to get everything ready that night.(四)would和used to1）used to “过去常常”, 与

21、现在事实相反; 2)would表过去意愿。Eg:People used to think that the earth was flat. She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country. 五、易错点点拨：1情态动词无论是表达“推测和可能性”，还是表达“虚拟”这一概念，只要是对过去已经发生的事情进行描述，一律用“情态动词+have done”这一结构；对现在或将来的事情进行描述，用“情态动词+动词或系动词原形”。2should (not) / ought (not) to在中表示根据常规或常识推测，表

22、示“某事应该或不应该发生”，语气比must或cant / couldnt稍弱。3. can, could表达推测时，一般用于疑问句和否定句中；can用于肯定句中表示一种理论上的可能性，并不牵涉是否真的会发生，在这种用法中can只能与动词原形连用；could用于肯定句中，语气比may/ might更弱。4. must表达“情感、态度、语气”主要有以下用法：(1) 表示主观的义务和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，意思为“必须，得，要”；由must引起的疑问句，肯定回答要用must或have to， 否定回答要用neednt或dont have to,意思是“不必”。另外，must与have to都可

23、以表示“必须”这一含义。must表示一种主观的需要，而have to表示一种客观的需要，意思是“不得不”，其否定形式是don have to。(2) must用于条件句或疑问句中，可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏要，硬要、干嘛”。5. 在虚拟条件句中用以加强假设语气，表示“与将来事实相反的假设”，用 If+主语+ should +动词原形，当“万一(会)”讲。这时可省略if，将should提到句首，变为倒装句式。If it should rain(=Should it rain) tomorrow, I would stay at home. 万一明天下雨的话，我就待在家里。6.

24、should还可以用来表示说话人对某事不能理解、赶到意外、惊异等意思，译为“竟然，竟会”。 You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.六、高考链接2012年高考题【2012江西卷】22We have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner. Amay not Bneednt Ccant Dmustnt 22答案：B考点：考察情态动词的用法。解析：may not不可以，neednt不需要，cant不可能，

25、mustnt绝不可能。本句句意为：既然Suzie不和我们一起吃晚饭，所以我们就不需要买这么多食物。2012湖南高考真题29. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. A. have had B. had had C. have D. had 2012湖南高考真题29|D|此题考查条件状语从句中的虚拟语气，从句中用一般过去时表现在的假设。动词的时态 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 一般过去式表对现在的假设 【2012重庆卷】25.-_you interrupt now? Ca

26、nt you see Im on the phone? -Sorry Sir, but its urgent. A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would25.【考点】情态动词用法【答案】 C【解析】句意：“你现在一定要打断我吗？难道你不能看到我在打电话吗？对不起，先生，事情很急。”根据语境结合选项的词义，C选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为C选项。【2012辽宁卷】24. One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school. A. might B. could C. shal

27、l D. will24、【考点】情态动词【答案】C【解析】Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。这儿是说根据学校规定学生在校时都必须要穿校服。1【2012四川卷】9. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao ” just as I _ do in China.A. must B. might C. can D. should 19.【答案与解析】 B 本题考查情态动词。句意为：我靠他们足够的近以听见他们说汉语，而且我会像我在中国可能做的那样说“你好”。might表示

28、“可能”。故选B。【2012陕西卷】17. If may car _more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer. A. was B. had been C. should be D. would beA102012陕西卷【答案与解析】B 考查虚拟语气。根据主语的谓语动词可知题干是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用had done，选B。【2012陕西卷】23.I_ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we wer

29、e away from home. A. wont B. cant C. can D. will A102012陕西卷【答案与解析】B 考查情态动词。所填情态动词与too 构成固定句型cant/couldnt too，意思是：再都不为过，选B。【2012北京卷】33. We _ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced33. C。虚拟语气考点，对过去的虚拟，本能。【2012北京卷】35. Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.A. is B. were C. has been D. had been35. B。虚拟语气考点，对现在的虚拟用were。【2012全国II】17. Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.A. can B. might C. would D. need【答案】A【解析】此处考查了ca