研究生科技英语课件翻译交大考试重点.docx

1、研究生科技英语课件翻译交大考试重点词类转译I. Noun converting to verbs:1.The shadow cast by an object is long or short according as the sun is high up in the heaven or near the horizon.2.物体投影的长短取决于太阳是高挂天空还是靠近地平线。3.High precision implies a high degree of exactness but with no implication as to accuracy.4.高精度意味着高度的精确度，但并不表

2、明具有准确性。5.They went on strike in demand of a 40 percent wage increase.6.他们举行罢工，要求工资增加40%。7.He is an enemy to reform.8.他反对改革。9.Difference between the social system of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation.10.国与国社会制度的不同不应妨碍彼此的接近与合作。11. I am afraid I cant teach you English. I

3、 think my daughter is a better teacher than I.12.恐怕我教不了你英语，我想我女儿比我教得好。13.The operation of a computer needs some knowledge of English.14.操作电脑需要一些英语知识。A. 具有动态意义的名词（1） “ of ” 结构（2）短语结构翻译顺序：顺译与逆译1. These depressing pumps ensure contamination-free transfer of abrasive fluids such as acids, dyes and alcoh

4、ol.在输送酸、染料、醇等腐蚀性强的流体时，这类压缩泵能保证输送无污染2. It has also provided the bases for the traditional methodology of science: objective observation and description of some phenomena, the formulation of a hypothesis or hypotheses about the events observed and possible relationships among them, the use of these to

5、 predict future events, the verification of the hypotheses and, on this basis, the construction of a theory of some area of natural activity.3. What is needed in the case of noise is a study of large numbers of people living under noisy conditions.就噪音而论，所需要的是研究大批生活在噪音条件下的人数。Many people in industry a

6、nd the service, who have practical experience of noise, regard any investigation of this question as a waste of time.工业部门和军队中的许多人对噪音有切身体会，他们认为对这个问题进行任何调查都是浪费时间。6. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs.练习：1. The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Mi

7、ddle East conflict on the basis of Israel withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israels right to exist.2. One after another, speakers called for the downfall of imperialism, abolition of exploitation of man by man, liberation of the oppressed of the world.3. Until 1972, al

8、l efforts by the two nations to curb the nuclear arms race had foundered on one point: U.S. insistence on the right to make one-site inspection of the Soviet Strategic-arsenal and Russias refusal.B. 英语中含有动态意义的名词通常翻译为动词，并根据需要增添逻辑宾语。1. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longi

9、ng.看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的（机声），令我们特别神往。2. As the week draw to a close, the enemy rout was complete.一周快结束时， 敌人彻底溃退了。C. 英语中有些以后缀 er, -or 结尾的名词，在句中并指其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味，需要翻译为动词。1. I am afraid I cant teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.我恐怕教不了你游泳，我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。2. Talking with

10、his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young mans past wrong doings.在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。3. He is no smoker, but his father is a chain-smoker.D. 短语中的主体名词通常翻译为动词1.The next news bulletin（新闻节目）, shorter than usual, made no mention of the demonstration.2.She had high praise for Dr. Smith, altho

11、ugh she complained about his strictness.3.The party branch secretary showed great concern for the students health4.He has already made mention of the matter in his speech.5.The next news bulletin（新闻节目）, shorter than usual, made no mention of the demonstration.6.She had high praise for Dr. Smith, alt

12、hough she complained about his strictness.7.The party branch secretary showed great concern for the students health8.He has already made mention of the matter in his speech.练习（一）1. The Census Bureau,the data agency charged with creating statistics on household incomes and their distribution, does no

13、t maintain an official definition of middle class status.2. During the half-hour talk, the two sides exchanged views on the choice of terms of payment, but they made no mention of the mode of transportation. 在半小时的商谈中，双方就付款方式交换了意见，但没有提到运输方式。练习（二）1. Not only does dark energy appear to make up the bulk

14、 of the universe, but its existence, if it stands the test of time, will probably require the development of new theories of physics.2. The same is true of galaxy clusters, the largest coherent bodies in the universe-assemblages of thousands of galaxies embedded in a vast cloud of hot gas and bound

15、together by gravity.3. Scientists say that government construction of a multi-billion-dollar, permanent space station could aid in detecting natural disasters on earth in advance, conducting medical research and collecting solar energy to transmit back.4. The analysis will require the development of

16、 new theoretical tools but should be within our grasp in the next few years. II. Prepositions converting to verbsA. 介词转译成动词。（prep.-v.）1. The road to development is long but we are firmly on it. 发展的道路虽然漫长，可我们已坚定地走了上这条路。2. He is walking in the park with an umbrella in his hand. 他在公园散步，手里拿着一把伞。3. It is

17、 our goal that the people in the undeveloped areas will be finally off poverty. 我们的目标是使不发达地区的人民最终摆脱贫困。4.The company has advertised in the newspaper for electronic experts. 公司在报上登广告招聘电子方面的专家。被动句的翻译1.译成汉语的 “被”字结构或相似结构 2. 译成汉语主动句 3. 保留原主语, 被动改主动 4. 把原文中的主语译为宾语 5. 译成无主句译成汉语的 “被”字结构或相似结构 2. 译成汉语主动句 3. 保留

18、原主语, 被动改主动 4. 把原文中的主语译为宾语 5. 译成无主句A.译成汉语的 “被”字结构或相似结构, 如 “叫, 让, 给, 受到 , 遭到, 为所, 是的,加以等。 1. Though Hamlet has been disappointed of the throne, every one respects him. 虽然哈姆雷特被剥夺了王位，大家照样尊敬他。2. They were caught in the rain yesterday. 他们昨天叫雨淋了。3. Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the

19、 world. 我们的对外政策受到全世界人民的支持。4. They were given a hearty welcome. 他们受到热烈欢迎。5. He was policed by the bosses cops. 他受到老板雇佣的警察的监督 。6. I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card. 我为这些话所深深感动， 后来我就把它们写在圣诞贺片上。7. By evening the occupation was complete, and the people were cha

20、sed off the streets by an eight oclock curfew. 至傍晚，占领已告完成。八点钟开始的宵禁把人们从街道赶走。8. The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire. 大火使这著名的旅馆几乎全部毁灭。9. Most letters from his wife are read to him by the nurse in the hospital. 他的妻子给他的信件， 大多数是由医院里的护士念给他听的。B.译成汉语主动句1. The sense of inferiority

21、that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated. 他在青少年时期留下的自卑感， 还没有完全消 除。 2. On their domestic stations events in the Middle east were dismissed briefly. 在他们国内的电台的广播中， 中东事件只轻描 淡写地报道了一下。 C、保留原主语, 被动改主动1.Mr. Black was given a prize. 布拉克先生得了奖。 2. His life was cut short by cholera. 他因患霍乱

22、而早亡。3. He was thrown into confusion by the return of his wife. 他由于妻子归来而陷入惶惑不安之中。D. 把原文中的主语译为宾语1.By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of over 200 Belgian and French lives. 大战终了时， 这个组织拯救了八百人，但那是以二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价。2. It would be astonishing if that loss wer

23、e not keenly felt. 如果（人们）不强烈地感到损失， 那倒是奇怪了E . 译成无主句1. Whenever work is being done, energy is being converted from one form into another. 做功时，能从一种形式转变为另一种形式。 2Cutting tools should be inspected carefully before they are used. 切割工具使用前要认真检查。 3Some pictures were hung on the wall. 墙上挂着照片。 4. Children shoul

24、d be taught to speak the truth. 要教孩子们讲真话。Idiomatic phrases or sentence patterns:1. 已经证明 It has been proved 2. 可以有把握地说 It may be safely said that3. 无可否认 It cannot be denied that4. 人们希望 It is expected(hoped) that5. 人们(有人、大家)认为 It is considered (thought) that6. 不用说(谁都知道) It is understood that7. 大家知道(众所

25、周知)8. 据报道9. 据说10. 据估计(预计). The plan will be examined by a special committee. 该计划将由一个特别委员会加以裁决。2. National Day is enthusiastically celebrated on October 1st by the Chinese people of all nationalities every year. 我国各族人民每年都要热烈庆祝十月一日的国庆节。3. He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audien

26、ce. 他出现在台上， 观众给予热烈鼓掌。4. All Party members of the college are requested to meet in the assembly hall to listen to a speech. 请全院党员在大礼堂听报告。5. It is said that he was cheated by his partner while doing business in the south. 据说他在南方做生意时让同伴给骗了。6.It is believed that worry can make a persons hair turn gray o

27、vernight. 有人相信忧愁能使一个人的头发一夜之间变白。7. It has been proved that plenty of vegetables will improve ones health. 已经证明多吃蔬菜对健康有好处。8. This old man has been taken care of for years by some PLA men. 这位老人多年来一直受到几位解放军的照顾。9. The city is being destroyed by the flood. 这座城市正在被洪水所毁。10. This material has to be used in t

28、he experiment. 这种材料在实验中非用不可。11. Thousands of cars are produced by FIAT every year. 菲亚特汽车公司每年生产成千上万辆小汽车。12. He was asked ten questions in the oral examination and answered every one of them correctly. 口试时， 问了十个问题，他全都答对了。13. It is considered that women tell lies more often than men. 有人认为女人说谎要比男人多。14.

29、It should be admitted that the United Nations intervention is sometimes helpful for settling regional disputes. 应该承认联合国的干预有时有助于平息地区性争端。15Special emphasis must be placed on the gravity of corruption and graft (受贿) among some high officials in China. 必须特别强调我国高级官员收受贿赂和腐化堕落的严重性. It should be admitted th

30、at the United Nations intervention is sometimes helpful for settling regional disputes. 应该承认联合国的干预有时有助于平息地区性争端。16Special emphasis must be placed on the gravity of corruption and graft (受贿) among some high officials in China. 必须特别强调我国高级官员收受贿赂和腐化堕落的严重性Assignments: 他迈着沉重的脚步，回到离别三年的家乡。三年前，他参与了一个盗窃团伙被判刑三

31、年，在劳改农场，因表现突出被提前一年释放。 为了逃避一双双熟悉的眼睛，释放后，经人介绍，他来到湖南省南县一家木器厂做临时工。但强烈的思乡情促使他踏上了归乡旅途。回到家乡后，家乡的一切都令他感到亲切可爱。他暗暗下决心：一定要重新做人。 一天，邻居王二婶把钥匙锁在了家里，很多热心人都前来帮忙，但都无济于事。人们找到他，但被拒绝了。王二婶哀求地说：“冬宝，求求你了，要是我当家的回来，我又少不了一顿揍。”他知道，她丈夫很粗野，经常打他，他心软了，找来工具费了好半天帮王二婶打开了锁。王二婶感激万分，特意买来一盒过滤香烟，非要塞给他。在场的人惊愕地看着他，一个劲地夸他有本领。 第二天，他发现有好几户邻居的门上上了双把锁。几天后，他又离开了家乡，还是到那家木器厂做临时工。英语复合长句的翻译一、顺译法（1）If such alloys possess other properties which make them suitable for die casting, （2）they are obvious choices for the process, （3）because their lower melting point will lead to longer di